Analysis of Tourism Management and Policy

The provided document is a collection of research papers and articles related to tourism management and policy. It covers various topics including local leadership for rural tourism development, centralized decentralization of tourism development, and service quality management in hospitality and tourism. The document also includes case studies on culinary tourism campaigns, the impact of a tourism crisis on regional lodging demand, and non-mega sport events for local communities. Additionally, it discusses academic perceptions of quality and quality assurance in undergraduate hospitality, tourism, and leisure programmes. The document aims to provide a comprehensive review of research papers and articles related to tourism management and policy.

X Tourism Assignment

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK...............................................................................................................................................1
PART 1............................................................................................................................................1
A. Examine the advantages of producing tourism strategic plans..............................................1
B. Evaluate planning method of tourism development and its merits and demerits...................4
PART 2............................................................................................................................................8
A. Access the reuse of historic buildings contribute towards strategic tourism development ..8
CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
Tourism is refers to visitors who are travelling from one place to another for fun. It
involve several activities like as camping, sightseeing, adventures, historical places and many
more. People who are travelling for enjoying is known as tourists. Their are various purpose of
travelling such as persons who are found of learning historic places of a country, some people
like to travel with family and friends in other nation and so on (Costa, Panyik and Buhalis,
2013). Tourism is consider as an economy wheel which is reliable factor in United Kingdom. It
gives its contribution in higher rate of GDP as it will aid in large investment for private and
public within tourism sector. In this report it involves the tourism strategic plan developed by
UK government. Along with this it also consider planning methods such as collaborative,
physical, economic and so on for tourism development and its advantages and disadvantages of
these methods.
TASK
PART 1
A. Examine the advantages of producing tourism strategic plans
Strategic planning is accomplished only once within the year for achieving specific
objectives or goals in an effective way. It includes as an business model, idea, market position
and operational effectiveness also. In order to enhance and development of tourism places
government have to prepare a effective tourism strategic plan for performing different functions
and activities. It is important to meet competitive advantages and develop sustainability in
appropriate way. On other hand, strategic plan is the process of manufacturing creative &
innovative ideas planning in the term of tourism (Dwyer and et. al., 2012). So, nation can
enhance the condition of places as well as grab large numbers of visitors towards specific
destination. In this, government take initiatives to develop the sector of tourism more effective
and efficient way. As it will provide core model for an nation as well as design its future for the
growth of economic. It is important to concentrate on maintaining historical heritages or building
and develop tourist places for grabbing high numbers of tourist. As it will aid in developing
countries economy in an adequate way. Framework and public policy play a very main role
within tourism initiatives for its success and development also.
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In other terms, tourism sector is one of biggest business of UK. It involve both indirect
as well as direct contribution like as capital investment, customer expenditure by tourism and
travel related enterprises. As it will help in raising visitors economy and growth rates in an
effective manner.
According to Haven‐Tang and Jones, 2012 the government which play a very main role
within planning, organising, formulating and executing the plans of strategic for the aim of
developing tourism in an specific nation. They mainly consider the policy of nationwide as well
as give effective direction to several intern government companies to act according to its rules &
regulations. In order to UK tourism, government concentrate on making proper action plans and
strategies to encourage various visitors places. So, that higher level of attention can get from
tourist as well as develop growth and sustainability also. Their is need of effective strategic plan
of tourism sector of UK.
Strategic plan
This plan for tourism of London is created by United Kingdom government as well as it
also consider logic framework and general approach. Some of components of making a strategic
plan of tourism are as follows:
Competitive scenario: There is a summary of key internal and externals factors guiding UK
tourism strategy. Along with this it also support in analysing new trends and modifications at
both international and national level. So, it is essential to find out the scenario of competitive as
various countries are concentrating on enhancing tourism places for attracting higher numbers of
customers.
Vision and strategy: In this, vision of tourism sector of United Kingdom is to provide higher
level of contribution to the economy, peoples living standard and employment (Kimbu and
Ngoasong, 2013).
Specific targets: Main purpose of tourism is to meet predetermined objectives and competitive
advantages. It is necessary at the time of consulting with business which aid in knowing
challenges and opportunities for UK tourist economy. Some of specific targets are given below:
 To raise London share in global tourist markets.
 To provide tourist powerful places. To give great engagement and best facilities within experience and visitors.
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Overall targets: These are based on its vision and observe specific targets. Mainly it has the
targets of boosting competitiveness within tourism sector along with that to create suitable
marketing and innovation.
Intervention area: It consists:
 To support groups of private and public governance regarding its goods and places. It can
apply through undertaking effective projects of territorial and regional authorities
(Komppula, 2014). They concentrate on applying and creation of extraordinary developing plans for tourism
mobility.
Actions: To meet their objectives or purpose, it is important to enhance action plan through cross
business group as well as it should be apply by government and partners for meeting tourism and
sustainability success. In this, it consider rural tourism, national marketing strategies,
accessibility, places management and so on for enhancing tourism sector.
Over searching principles: Innovation, sustainability and accessibility are the principles of
underpinning plans.
Advantages of tourism strategic plan
There are several essential of tourism strategic plan as per Mok, Sparks and Kadampully,
2013 , planning should be made in proper way in order to develop tourism sector. The main aim
of specific plan is to create a action plan for enhancing places conditions and apply them in an
effective manner. UK is one of biggest tourism destination where having a high growth rate of
tourist than others. Government should ensure about tourism planning of nation which aid in
meeting advantages and long term growth in an effective way. It involve cultural, natural,
economic and several other tourism resources for developing future.
Tourism is an very main sector which gave much contribution within sustainable and
economy development. In current scenario, tourism sector is rapidly growing as well as various
nations are concentrating on enhancing visitors destination like as London is one of popular city
in United Kingdom. Hence, various tourist are attracted towards the destination as well as prefer
much to have full enjoy and fin over there. It is important to enhance the economy growth rate or
gross domestic product, tourists and develop the United Kingdom nation in an most appropriate
way. Some of advantages of tourism strategic plan are given below:
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 Employment opportunities: It is very much beneficial for United Kingdom as tourism
sector will help in creating a job opportunities for social peoples. Travel and tourism
industry is growing very fastly as various private and public organisation are enhancing
their enterprise by making strategies and policies like as special offers, holiday packages,
scheme and so on for travelling specific places (Moyle and et. al., 2014). It will help in
attracting huge numbers of buyers and take benefit to get experiences and fun in
appropriate way. Their is requirement of effective guidance that is given by guides. So,
firms recruit workers for for such task so that buyers can so buyers can travel to any
destination to satisfy their set results. e.g. London is having largest places where peoples
prefer to travel every year. Some of attractions places of London are Tower bridge, Big
ban, London eye and so on. Private and public companies have several opportunities to
create various types of jobs opportunities for the peoples. New enterprise creation: In the sector of travel and tourism is having very wide scope.
So, entrepreneurs and new start ups are very much interested within in this sector. Along
with this it is also help in enhancing infrastructure and developing economy in an
efficient way. Organisation can enter within the new market as well as starts their
activities to capture tourist within the marketplace.
 Increase economy growth: In this sector of tourism play a very important role in
enhancing economy situations as well as gross domestic product growth rate in an
effective way. In United Kingdom, they are earning higher level of income by this
tourism sector as it grab numbers of customers from various nations like as global and
national level. So, it directly impact on nation economy (Murphy, 2013). e.g. according
to current data, their are approx 95.3 million domestic tours has provided approx £16.4
billion within London. The best attraction destinations are Big Ban, British museum,
Queens House, London Eye, Tower Bridge etc. Therefore, tourist also require to get best
experiences as well as feel relax by travelling any other destination where customers are
ready to invest their finance to get higher level of satisfactions.
B. Evaluate planning method of tourism development and its merits and demerits
United Kingdom tourism sector is growing very rapidly because having higher demand of
tourist among the peoples are preferring to visit destination places. Therefore, various reasons
are find out due to which customers get impressed by UK destinations like as availability of
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several multinational companies, students are visiting from higher education as popular are find
out and many more. It shows that United Kingdom is very rich within several terms which grab
the mind of foreign and domestic customers (Ottenbacher and Harrington, 2013). As a
outcomes, tourism sector is developing at very fast rate which is giving advantage to whole
society and country. Generally, it is very difficult to manage higher numbers of business because
of changes in several external as well as internal factors that gave influence on development.
Hence, travelling business of a country are using effective approaches of planning for improving
this tourism sector by providing best opportunities within market.
Accordingly, planning is very much important for the growth and success of tourism
sector because of involving several factors which are getting modified according to changes. e.g.
society choices are changing because of establishing foreign products, close substitutes, new
trends and so on. It means that business require to assess several figures or facts for resolving
probabilities of errors and mistakes. With this, modifications take place by achieving set goals
and objectives within the limited time by satisfying the requirements of several visitors.
Therefore, some of major methods of planning and their evaluation which are as follows:
Community based method: As per this, society members are coming close for solving particular
problems which giving them impact in several ways. e.g. London university students are coming
close in order to protesting against management for providing superior notice before applying
any programmes. Hence, this method help in promoting particular person for choosing London
university. Along with this it help in increase the visitors to travel UK destinations. As its
outcomes, country economy is developing very fastly by giving quality of products and services
facilities to their visitors (Phillips and Moutinho, 2014).
Evaluation: According to this method several customers are coming close for resolving several
problems within a limited period of time. Hence, it aid in tourism enhancement because of
attracting customers due to having a cooperative behaviour of every specific people. For
Example: uncertainty can take place at any time because of this visitors consider corporative and
communal behaviour of overall country before preferring. Therefore, this model of community
based method which play a very important role within growth of whole industry in order to take
some corrective initiatives.
Advantages Disadvantages
 This method supports in solving major  In this, it is difficult to work within
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problems within a limited period of
time.
 It help in creating a cooperative
surrounding which grab the foreign
customers as well.
 This model with help in controlling the
possibilities of disputes conditions
which gave impact on success of whole
tourism sector.
groups as each particular person is
having their own view point and
opinion.
 In the Consent of every community
member it need because it is very much
time consuming.
Physical/Spatial approach of tourism planning: The approach consider with using land in order
to manage all spatial strategies and create an ecological base that is based upon development,
such as – spatial patterns and capabilities (Ritchie and et. al., 2014). It helps in reducing negative
impact of tourism on physical environment in UK. In this perspective, key planning approaches
involves hazard or risk assessment, carrying out capacity, resource allocation and landscape
evaluation, decision making and so on. Along with this, the main motive of physical approach is
to control and manage capacities, land utilisation and find out the number of physical
infrastructure which are being built for tourism purpose. Therefore, a well structured physical
destination, i.e. UK with attractive design and layout enable to attract large number of visitors
and deliver large space to tourists. There is rendered limited attention to social and cultural
attributes in UK tourism destination. In addition to this, physical spatial approaches appear as
opposite to those previously mentioned, focusing mainly on the environmental issues, with
emphasis on preservation of the natural resources.
Evaluation: Henceforth, planning approach of tourism is required on a global level, to
adequately distribute the development of tourism resorts and destinations, as well as to deal with
the dangers that can arise and are related to overcrowding which can cause unsustainable
development of the most visited and most attractive tourism places in UK.
Advantages Disadvantages
Physical approach of tourism planning raise
protection towards environment cause less land
is being used and it maintain its sustainability
Weakness of this approach is as if number of
infrastructure, capacities and buildings are in
control then economically the UK tourism
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as well (Swanson and Edgell Sr, 2013). destination unable to generate high profitability
the number of infrastructure, buildings, and
capacities are being controlled. It results, the
result the inability to fulfil the high demand of
tourism to build more attractions.
Economic approach: According to this method, tourism sector require to make their plan by
involving national economy for controlling the probabilities of big errors and mistakes. It refers
that before making policies and strategies it is important to consider quality as well as price for
overcoming uncertainty of risk (Swarbrooke and Page, 2012). For example: London is very
much concerning about visitors demands before formulating policies and strategies for
controlling higher level of losses. Therefore, each particular person consider the economical
situation of places before making policies or plans. Its important objective is to understand every
and each aspects of tourism industry as well as several factors that gave impact on economy.
Evaluation: As per this method, it play a very main role in enhancing tourism sector due to it aid
in understanding economic level aspects for planning according to countries demands and needs
as well. With this, deflation as well as inflation rate are also supporting at the time of executing a
final decision within the market place.
Advantages Disadvantages
 It will help in the success of overall
country.
 This method make control over the
possibilities of errors or mistakes.
 It involve every and each sections of
society.
 In this it highlight the countries growth
rate.
 This methods creates issues at the time
of handling the method of economy
because it involve higher numbers of
particular person.
Co-operative method: In this method is for tourism planning (Taks, Chalip and Green, 2015). As
it is the best approach of enhancing tourism sector which is considered by UK government of
country. It is important to analyse needs and wants for enhancing specific destination or places in
an adequate way. Travel and tourism sector of United Kingdom are involved in this method foe
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effective development and planning of tourism sector in effective manner. It is linked with
various ethnicities, cultures, racial differences and so on that gave impact to enterprise at several
manner like as negatives and positives. On other hand, it is linked with the normative framework
of tourism planning which need cooperation within government agencies, management levels,
public sector, politics and many more. These methods of planning is better example for
enhancing United Kingdom places. In this, London is one of most and best effectual destinations
where many of tourists are get attracted with their places (Teng, Horng and Baum, 2013). Along
with this visitors are ready to make higher payments for getting best quality of services and
facilities in an appropriate way. In this they have examined the principles of planning in the term
of United Kingdom. In this method, they find out socio political components is one of main force
that directly gave influence on travel sector. As there is lack of corporative planning of tourism is
the main reason behind this. It has found that UK destinations can gave impact on humans
environmental situations as they are of several types of persons travel such types of places which
belongs to different culture, regions, community and many more. Hence, tourism planning is
very important role in making the places much effective and efficient. So, UK places can
generate higher level of market shares as well as enhance the growth rate of tourists. UK
government is mainly concentrating on making relations with another sectors or departments
like as private and public. So, they can apply specific plans in an effective way.
As per above methods, it is rightly understand about all the approaches are having
negative as well as positive aspects but the method of community based model is one of best
suitable approach. Hence, United Kingdom require to implement this method for enhancing the
tourism sector at higher rate through attracting the large numbers of customers minds. As its
outcomes, it help in increasing national income of country.
PART 2
A. Access the reuse of historic buildings contribute towards strategic tourism development
Development of strategic tourism is an most important method that help in capturing
customers attraction towards particular location or areas. United Kingdom is the destination of
first class tourism sector where various historic monuments are their which help in developing
the activities of tourism development in the nation (Theobald, 2012). Historic surrounding is one
of important aspects that shows the past as well as historic values of a nation. If they will
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understand the historical and heritage values which share a different or unique reality of cultural
within the particular locality and areas as well. These functions will help in capturing customers
attraction towards their speciality as well as uniqueness that present the values, beliefs and
tradition of a nation. These destination will help in presenting a generation changes from past
few years. In United Kingdom, monuments of historic help to represent their country as well as
its uniqueness within the whole world. At present days, countries government play a very main
role for reuse of historical places for giving marvellous as well as leisure experience to visitors or
tourists. It is very essential aspects to get the customers attention towards these types of
monuments for keeping them historic importance as well as safe also. Reason behind this, is that
nation history is to get spoiled then it will be lost forever. These historic building of the nation is
to tourist for creating a different image within the whole world. United Kingdom is the
destination of historic monuments that help in giving fantastic experience to visitors, it is the
only reason that the sector of tourism within UK is growing very fastly along with this it give its
proper contribution within developing of economy as well (Tribe, 2016).
Strategic tourism enhancement within tourism sector which takes a particular place in
which UK government establish various initiatives to again use the historic building for
enhancing further activities within the marketplace. This process is not so easy due to it needs a
higher level of cost, effective public support and undetermined liabilities. In United Kingdom,
presently the assets of heritage are linked with the new generation procedure as well as
objectives to renovate them for tourism management and its attraction. In this, process of various
tourism sector and governmental authorities organisation give their contribution for proper
development of tourism activities. These methods give further detail of evolution by information
sources for making them properly. It is most typical method in which places of projects and
expertises are getting failed because of lack of planning as well as funds. Again using of
historical assets is linked with the growth of business that help in representing higher level of
opportunity for tourism company in the nation. All these functions are used as the inclusion of
sustainable modifications which are responsible for setting returns and results as well.
According to Tyrväinen and et. al., 2014 as well as detailed articles on iconic monuments
are need to keep effective renovate for using them again for developing the methods of tourism.
UK government of nation is using restoration which is very expensive process by renovating
historical building to keep them real conditions for a long period of time. In this, it need to use
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innovative and creative ideas as well as techniques for making them much attractive for tourism
procedure and planning. These functions are very much beneficial foe economy growth and
development as well. United Kingdom destinations are most attractive monuments and building
that help in attracting higher of growth easily. Organisation is operating a tour which give
beneficial facilities and services to their customers who are coming with various different
motives are adventures, business and educational customers. In UK, various historic building are
mainly used for event, leisure and tourism planning process that give important experience to
outbound, local as well as inbound visitors. Main attraction point of UK destinations will help in
grabbing customers from different areas ( Wise, 2016). All these area help in higher level of
growth and profitability as well.
Southwark Cathedral is an very much attractive as well as eye capturing of all the
historical monument within UK. As they are build within year 1106-1897. Southwark is the
mother church of Anglican Diocese. It is the one of oldest Gothic church within London as it
lies on rivers South bank which is very close to bridge of London. Tourism firms as well as
operator give brief information of UK destinations to their customers for represent its beliefs and
values within the front of all. Main point of attraction of this historical monuments is they
welcome all the persons who belongs to nay prospect and culture. This destination is mainly uses
for attracting tourist and at present for making a events plans to keep on touch with visitors.
These types of places help in enhancing tourism and its management methods. UK government
give their proper contribution to reuse these historical monuments to increase the values of these
historical destination within persons mind. In this area, live events and exhibition are majorly
organised to develop its values of such historical destinations. Their are the most particular areas
that represent their beliefs of local peoples.
CONCLUSION
From the above mentioned report, it get comprehend that tourism industry is growing and
developing at fast pace over the world. Every year numerous people are come up in UK to visit it
and get know about is cultural, value, traditions and so on. In this context, British government is
required to focus on an appropriate tourism planning in order to obtain high economic growth.
There has been made various modifications in tourism infrastructure with an aim to enhance
credibility and viability of tourism places. Apart from this, the report has stated several benefits
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of tourism planning but to promote tourism in a nation there must be developed an effective
strategy that enables to attain and retain visitors. Tourism strategy of UK must be based upon
two major principles, such as – innovation and sustainability. There are numerous factors, I..e
political, social, economic, technological etc. which can affect tourism planning thus while
developing a tourism plan management should consider thus to ensure growth and success of
places. Planning must be formulated in effective manner so that tourism sector can be developed.
There are three main approaches of tourism planning, such as - Community based approach,
economic approach and physical approach.
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REFRENCES
Books and Journals
Costa, C., Panyik, E. and Buhalis, D. eds., 2013. Trends in European tourism planning and
organisation (Vol. 60). Channel View Publications.
Dwyer, L and et. a., 2012. Fashioning a destination tourism future: The case of Slovenia.
Tourism Management. 33(2). pp. 305-316.
Haven‐Tang, C. and Jones, E., 2012. Local leadership for rural tourism development: A case
study of Adventa, Monmouthshire, UK. Tourism Management Perspectives. 4. pp. 28-
35.
Kimbu, A.N. and Ngoasong, M.Z., 2013. Centralised decentralisation of tourism development: A
network perspective. Annals of Tourism Research. 40. pp. 235-259.
Komppula, R., 2014. The role of individual entrepreneurs in the development of competitiveness
for a rural tourism destination–A case study. Tourism Management. 40. pp. 361-371.
Mok, C., Sparks, B. and Kadampully, J., 2013. Service quality management in hospitality,
tourism, and leisure. Routledge.
Moyle, B.D and et. al., 2014. Tracking the concept of sustainability in Australian tourism policy
and planning documents. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 22(7). pp.1037-1051.
Murphy, P.E., 2013. Tourism: A community approach (RLE Tourism). Routledge.
Ottenbacher, M.C. and Harrington, R.J., 2013. A case study of a culinary tourism campaign in
Germany: Implications for strategy making and successful implementation. Journal of
Hospitality & Tourism Research. 37(1). pp.3-28.
Phillips, P. and Moutinho, L., 2014. Critical review of strategic planning research in hospitality
and tourism. Annals of Tourism Research. 48. pp. 96-120.
Ritchie, B.W and et. al., 2014. Understanding the effects of a tourism crisis: The impact of the
BP oil spill on regional lodging demand. Journal of Travel Research. 53(1). pp. 12-25.
Swanson, J.R. and Edgell Sr, D.L., 2013. Tourism policy and planning: Yesterday, today, and
tomorrow. Routledge.
Swarbrooke, J. and Page, S.J., 2012. Development and management of visitor attractions.
Routledge.
Taks, M., Chalip, L. and Green, B.C., 2015. Impacts and strategic outcomes from non-mega
sport events for local communities. European sport management quarterly.15(1). pp. 1-
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Teng, C.C., Horng, J.S. and Baum, T., 2013. Academic perceptions of quality and quality
assurance in undergraduate hospitality, tourism and leisure programmes: A comparison
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Education. 13. pp. 233-243.
Theobald, W.F. ed., 2012. Global tourism. Routledge.
Tribe, J., 2016. Strategy for tourism (No. Ed. 2). Goodfellow Publisher Limited.
Tyrväinen, L and et. a., 2014. Towards sustainable growth in nature-based tourism destinations:
Clients’ views of land use options in Finnish Lapland. Landscape and Urban Planning.
122. pp. 1-15.
Wise, N., 2016. Outlining triple bottom line contexts in urban tourism regeneration. Cities. 53.
pp. 30-34.
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