IT and Future Society: Autonomous Robots, Impacts, and Transformations

This essay investigates the multifaceted impact of autonomous robots and information technology (IT) on the future of society. It begins by highlighting the pervasive influence of technology in modern life and its role in providing solutions and convenience. The paper examines the positive contributions of artificial intelligence (AI), such as smarter weather prediction, sustainable agriculture, and advancements in healthcare through machine learning. It also explores the role of robots in industrial settings, improving quality, safety, and productivity. However, the essay also delves into the negative consequences, including potential job displacement due to automation, risks of data breaches, and the limitations of AI in terms of creativity and decision-making. It discusses concerns about the lack of empathy and adaptability in autonomous robots, as well as the potential for inaccuracies and biases in AI systems. The essay concludes by emphasizing the need to consider both the advantages and disadvantages of technological advancements in order to navigate the future responsibly.

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IT AND FUTURE OF SOCIETY
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Introduction
In the present world, it has become almost next to impossible for an average human to
accomplish their day-to-day operations minus the use of technology at some point. Indeed,
the rapid progress of information technology over the years has been inclined towards getting
solutions and convenience. In this regard, technology is being used to make work easier as
well as help humanity with innovation offering solutions that could not have been possible
without this option. Nevertheless, there is a growing notion that the society is transitioning
into a “robot society” (Makridakis, 2017, p.51). Recent studies by Casares (2018, p.7) shows
that the inexorable increase in robot as the fundamental shift in developed economies is likely
to transform the nature of work as well as opportunity within society. Certainly, the robot has
apparently become a spectre threat to the economic security not only to the working poor but
also the middle class across mature societies (Torresen, 2018, p.75). Technology is taking
almost each aspect of life hence this comes with negative impacts. The integration between
technology and human beings create risks such as replacement of jobs done by human by
robots, health related ailments because of addition to computer gaming. This paper
investigate how the development of autonomous robots will transform the future of society
both positively and negative.
Artificial intelligence has brought impressive applications with remarkable benefits for all in
several ways. To begin with the advancements in autonomous robots has led to smarter
weather prediction and agriculture. Research has shown that accurate prediction of weather
can be difficult to challenging and difficult with errors which are likely to hurt businesses,
endanger lives particularly for people who lack the ability to promptly seek shelter and when
need arise and disrupt travel. Nonetheless, the birth of artificial intelligence gives solutions
by analysing data and making future predictions. In accordance to the American
Meteorological Society (AMS), artificial intelligence has been a game changer in prediction

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of weather (Tzounis, Katsoulas, Bartzanas, and Kittas, 2017, p.33). As a result, AI has
drastically improved real-time decision making which has significantly impacted weather. In
this sense, smarter weather prediction through AI will enable weather professionals to predict
more accurately natural disasters such as floods, tsunamis, hurricanes as well as earthquakes
early enough to allow precautious measure to be undertaken to avoid losing lives and
property by unexpected natural calamities (Tzounis, Katsoulas, Bartzanas, and Kittas, 2017,
p.31). On the same note, artificial intelligence has also started being utilised toward more
sustainable agriculture. Thus, the use of such powerful software will help to optimise crop
yield, thus, individuals will be able to reduce the required space minus resorting to
deleterious techniques such as pesticides.
The advent of artificial intelligence in healthcare is expected to transform the health industry.
The use of AI as well as machine learning will gradually change the approach to medicine
and the future of healthcare. According to Phaneuf (2019) machine learning has the potential
to offer data-driven clinical decision support (CDS) to medical professionals in addition to
infirmary staff, which sis paving way for heightened revenue potential. Machine learning
which is a subset of artificial intelligence helps in identifying patterns, algorithm uses as well
as providing automated insights to healthcare givers. A report by the Business Insider
Intelligence shows that researchers from the University of North Carolina Lineberger
Comprehensive Cancer Centre utilised IBM Watson’s Genomic product to identify specific
treatments for more than 1000 individuals (Jiang et al., 2019, p.231). Watson Genomic
product was able to perform big data analysis in determining treatment options for persons
with tumours who were found to have genetic abnormalities. Relatively, Application
Programming Interface (API) of Google Cloud Healthcare such as Clinical decision support
(CDS) is providing additional artificial intelligence solutions that assists medical practitioners
in making highly informed clinical decisions about patients (Zang, Zhang, Di, and Zhu, 2015,

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p.144). The Google Cloud artificial intelligence acquire data from patient’s electronic health
records via machine learning to create insights for medical providers to make enhanced
clinical decisions.
The integration of artificial intelligence in the healthcare setting enable for a range of benefits
such as task automation and analysing big patient data sets to deliver improved healthcare
quickly and at an affordable cost. Recent studies has shown that approximately 30% of
healthcare expenses are related to administrative practices. With the advent of AI in
healthcare it can automate a number of these tasks such as follow-up on bills that have not
been paid, pre-authorising insurance, and maintenance of medical records to ease the
workload of healthcare practitioners to ultimately save money spent by healthcare facility on
these services (Ahuja, 2019). With AI’s ability to analyse big data sets it will be possible to
pull together patient insight leading to predictive analysis to discover major areas in the
healthcare environment that require improvement.
Currently, work in the industrial environment is performed by robots which range from metal
forging, semiconductors, plastic processing and automobiles. Since the industrial setting
consists of highly repetitive operations, this has made it possible for robotics to work
effectively, especially in dangerous working environment that human beings cannot survive.
In this regard, robots play a key role in industrial work. As a result, autonomous robots will
keep on improving the quality and consistency of industrial works. The advancement of 3D
printing robots in addition to the industrial internet of things (IIoT), industrial robots have the
capability to offer enhanced production quality as well as precise and dependable processes.
In addition to that, there is reduced real-time monitoring and well as cycle times which helps
to better preventive maintenance. The use of industrial robotics will result to maximum
throughput and productivity because it increases the speed of manufacturing process. At the
same time, robots do not get tired like humans hence they can operate 24/7, this speed is

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greatly dependable and ultimately reduces the cycle time hence maximising throughput (Lee
et al., 2018, p.21).
Autonomous robots allows for greater safety. Since most of the operations within the industry
are repetitive using robots minimises risks of injury for workers particularly where
manufacturing occurs under hostile states. The use of robots enable the supervisor oversee the
manufacturing process from remote locations or online. Similarly, use of robotics in
manufacturing will reduce direct labour expenses. The costs associated with having human
beings handling numerous manufacturing operations is more costly as compared to use of
robots. In this regard, this will free the workers to allow them channel their skills as well as
expertise in other business areas like programming, engineering and maintenance.
Although, artificial intelligence and robotics have brought a lot of transformation to society in
almost every field of work, it also has its negative side. Many researchers, and scholars fear
that autonomous robots are likely to cause much harm than good in future. In regard to the
manner in which automation is rapidly changing the way people do business is an indicator of
several genitive impacts that could be brought about by robots emergence in the place of
work. For instance, researchers are raising concerns that the use of robots in the workplace
will increase risk related to data breaches among other cybersecurity problems. Virgillito
(2017, p.240) assert that substituting conventional employees with software applications that
can be accessed wirelessly could lead to increased data breach related risks. Improved
automation does not come without risk hence businesses that use smart-devices as well as
computer controlled equipment to run their operations in most cases they are attractive targets
by cybercriminals. Consequently, with the automation of almost all business operations there
is a possibility that the future society will be faced by increased cases of data breach.
Certainly, data breach will expose sensitive personal data to the public which will mean that

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they will be no privacy, which is highly dangerous. This means that the right to privacy is
under threat
The use of autonomous robots is feared to reduce employment opportunities. While there are
job that will be created by artificial intelligence, more jobs will be lost in the process
particularly jobs with repetitive tasks. In this sense, it means that more people will be
rendered jobless losing their jobs to robotics. Any job that features repetitive tasks as part of
its duty will be at risk of being substituted by autonomous robots in future. For instance, a
research by Dasoriya, Rajpopat, Jamar, and Maurya (2018, p.459) has predicted that in the
United States the net jobs that would be created by artificial intelligence will be
approximately 500,000 while those jobs that would be lost in the process is approximated to
be 1.2 million. It is evident that the use of artificial intelligence in the workplace will be a
threat to future job opportunities.
Artificial intelligence is only tasked with making decision based on the program commands.
Consequently, this is a major threat that the society is faced with artificial intelligence due to
its decision-making mechanism. A robot is therefore only as intelligent as well as insightful
like the person responsible for its initial programming, which means that there is likely to
have some biasness within the robots mechanisms particularly when it comes to making
critical decisions. For example, in 2014 in the United States an active shooter circumstance
forced individuals to call for Uber to escape the area. However, instead of acknowledging the
dangerous condition, the Uber algorithm used noted an increase in demand and decided to
increase the price (Dasoriya, Rajpopat, Jamar, and Maurya, 2018, p.461). In this sense,
instead of recognising the danger faced by the people with their lives at risk the Uber made
the decision according to the programmer decision, hence such condition puts the lives of
people at high risk.

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Since almost all jobs are being replaced by robots, there is a threat of improvement in
creativity. Artificial intelligence lack creativity due to lack of physical interaction with
challenges in the workplace to challenge individual’s creativity. Robots are only programmed
to perform creative tasks, thus sat the point where the creativity is stalled in the development
of artificial intelligence would mean that the creativity will stop from there. The present
artificial intelligence match the creativity of the creator (Makridakis, 2017, p.47).
Consequently, due to lack of creativity, there could be a tendency to lack empathy. Certainly,
it means that the decisions made by an autonomous robot are built in the best possible
analytical solutions that happens to be. However, this may not always be the correct decision
to make.
The use of artificial intelligence is likely to be a threat in future because it lacks
improvement. An autonomous robot do not have the ability to change its reaction to a specific
condition like a human being would do. For instance, a human being will immediately
remove their hand on a hot surface once they get burned. Nonetheless, for an artificial
intelligence it does not need to change its responses, perceptions and reactions when there is a
change in environment. The robot does have the ability to differentiate certain bits of
information observed past the data produced by that directed observation (Arlitsch, and
Newell, 2017, p.790). Therefore, in case there is a change in how an operation should be
undertaken the robot may not realise this change but will only work based on the initial
algorithm, hence artificial intelligence does not support improvement. Hence the use of
robotics is likely to halt further improvements in terms of how operations are performed
because the tasks done by conventional humans are being replaced by robots.
There is fear that artificial intelligence can be inaccurate. Generally, machine translations
shave become a critical instrument in peoples quest to communicate with each other.
However, the only challenge is that these machines translations should be reviewed by human

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beings since the intent of the words is what is translated by the machines. Therefore, without
a review by a specialised human translator, could result in the information received from the
machine translation could be inaccurate or even insensitive resulting in more problems
instead of reducing them making matters worse by complicating the overall communication.
With the progress in artificial intelligence it is likely to change the power structure of
societies. Artificial intelligence has the capability to transform industries as well as the
manner in which individual live in different ways. As a result, the society is likely to
experience a shift in power when artificial intelligence becomes a dominant force (Zang,
Zhang, Di, and Zhu, 2015, p. 143). In this regard, there is fear that those individuals who
create and control this artificial intelligence technology are likely to be the ones to steer
society toward their individual vision regarding how individuals should be. In addition, this
could also remove the humanity out of certain decisions such as the concept to have
autonomous artificial intelligence responsible for warfare minus human actions to initiate
violent acts.
Artificial intelligence is likely to treat humanity like a commodity. In regard to the present
outcomes of robotics and artificial intelligence there is an argument regarding the number of
individuals that benefits compared to the number of people that do not benefit? The threat in
this regard is that individuals are taken like a commodity (Casares, 2018, p.8). For example,
organisations are already doing this by considering the commodity of automation using AI as
an excellent investment unlike the commodity of human workforce. Therefore, once people
themselves start to perceive themselves as a commodity, it is undoubtable that AI will also do
the same and the outcome of such decisions cannot be predicted.
Conclusion

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In conclusion, the concept of artificial intelligence comprise both positive as well as negative
impacts. As a result, there is need to come up with ethical standards and policies that will be
used in developing the robotics to ensure that only tasks that endanger human life should be
handled by autonomous robots.
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Appendix
Appendix A: the Impact of artificial intelligence on the future labour market

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Appendix B: Job career at high risk of being replaced by robots