CPCCBC4018A Knowledge Check: Short Answer Questions and Answers

This assignment provides comprehensive solutions to a construction knowledge check, addressing various aspects of construction practices. The document covers topics such as conducting two-peg tests, calculations for establishing points of known height, and setting out grids for site levels and contouring. It also explores survey techniques for calculating contours and volumes, creating longitudinal sections, and confirming cut and fill calculations. Furthermore, the assignment delves into calculating effective depths for irregular blocks, the correct process for setting up a level, and determining final levels from observed data. The skills demo section covers calculations used in site set out and methods to place set-out marks. The assignment also includes resources for low-rise residential builds, including temporary services, plant and equipment, and on-site labor. Additionally, it outlines strategies for planning construction work, construction codes, and regulatory approvals, while also discussing how delays can affect construction timeframes and how to prepare and maintain a project schedule. The provided answers offer a detailed understanding of essential construction concepts and practices.

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CPCCBC4018A Knowledge Check: Short Answer
Questions
1. How do you conduct a two-peg test?
You conduct a two peg test by.
setting up two pegs each around 30 - 50 m either side of the laser.
Then take the height of one peg A, then take the height of peg B and note them down.
Then whilst keeping the staff on peg B, move the laser behind a peg in or around 10m.
Then take measurements of peg B, and Peg A.
After noting both measurements down, then work out the difference.
If the difference is under or close to 5mm the laser is ok but anymore and I would suggest
get it re- calibrated.
2. Describe the calculations required to establish a point of known height:
There are various calculations required to determine the height. On is by use of fall
method. Various entries are taken into consideration; back sight height, intermediate
height and others. The RLs are easier to calculate with the height of collimation method.
In this methods though, errors can go undetected. For this reason, we use the rise and fall
method for all levelling calculations.
3. Describe how to set out a grid suitable for site levels and subsequent contouring and
volume calculations.
Grid levelling is used for site investigation, for drawing contour lines and for the easy
calculation of volumes.
To determine volumes a grid level system is superimposed on a Lot. In any grid figure
the grid interval is equal in both directions. However, whether the interval is square or
rectangular depends on the contour and the lot.
Establish 2 points approximately 50 meters apart on level ground as shown below. Set the
level half way between the 2 points.
Take the 2 staff readings. In our example an error will exists (line of sight does not
coincide with line of collimation).
4. Describe the survey techniques required to calculate contours and volumes of your
site
There are three main methods of carrying out volume calculation or estimation. These
are;

The cross-section method
The grid method
The contour method
The contour method, by far, presents the most accurate of the three methods of volume
estimation (for the simple reason that the other two methods are manual in nature) but it
needs to be used in conjunction with specialist software for excellent results. It is also
quicker and is definitely the way to go for companies that estimate earthworks on a
regular basis. There are a number of software products available for this purpose but they
vary greatly in complexity and price.
5. Describe how you create longitudinal sections within your site and explain the
importance of these to an architect or building designer.
A 'section drawing', 'section' or 'sectional drawing' shows a view of a structure as though
it had been sliced in half or cut along another imaginary plane.
For buildings, this can be useful as it gives a view through the spaces and surrounding
structures (typically across a vertical plane) that can reveal the relationships between the
different parts of the buildings that might not be apparent on plan drawings. Plan
drawings are in fact a type of section, but they cut through the building on a horizontal
rather than vertical plane.
6. How can cut and fill calculations be confirmed?
With these values the average depth of cut or fill required on each cell of the grid is
calculated, and the volume for each cell is obtained by multiplying the depth by the cell
area. By adding the volumes for each cell together the total cut and fill volumes for the
project can be estimated.
7. The block of land below is classed as an irregular block; how do you calculate the
effective depths of the block?
Irregular shaped blocks can be valued using effective dimensions if the land is not too
irregular. Some irregular blocks are caused by road resumptions leading to truncated
blocks.
We calculate effective frontage and effective depth.
The Australian rule assumes the following weighting formula to calculate the effective
frontage:
EF = ((2*F) +R)/3
Where:
EF = effective frontage
F = width of frontage
R = width of rear line.

The effective depth is the square depth from the frontage. For the above lot is about 30
meters. The lot can now be valued as a normal rectangular lot with the dimensions; 18 *
30 meters.
8. When setting up a level, which is the most correct process?
Leveling is used in the construction field to set up level points and to check elevations.
Various instruments are used in surveying and building and height transferring, setting, or
measuring horizontal levels. For example, the tripod the builder's level is being set up on
must be set on secure ground to get the telescope positioned level.
The most correct process is having known heights first, then transfer them.
9. You have conducted a levelling run to be between Pegs A to B to C to D to E.
Explain the calculations necessary to determine final level at Peg E from your
observed level data and how you would close this level run.
There are two reading levels that are recorded of all the pegs. A, B, C, D and E; line of
collimation and line of sight. And then the difference is recorded down. This change in
height is the one that will be added to the peg D to get the final level of peg E.
CPCCBC4018A Skills Demo: Short Answer Questions
1. Explain two of the calculations that you use when completing a site set out:
Trigonometry is used for working out angles with lengths when using Tan, Cos, Sin.
Pythagoras theorem - A2 + B2 = C2. e.g. 3x3=9, 4x4=16, 9+16=25 and the square root of 25 is
5. This would normally be used for square corners, so would be used on setting out the new build
on the site.
2. Explain the methods that you can use to place set-out marks for a proposed structure
there are various methods that can be used to place set out marks and they include;
- the 3-4-5 method: used to set out a right angle from a certain point on the baseline;
- the rope method: used to set out a line perpendicular to the baseline, starting from a point
which is not on the baseline;
- the single prismatic square and the double prismatic square: used to set out both right angles
and perpendicular lines.

CPCCBC4007A Knowledge Check: Short Answer
Questions
1. List at least three of the following resources that you may need to source for a low rise
residential build: Temporary services and site accommodation
1. A constant and reliable electricity supply. Fitness for purpose and safety must be ensured
by fully testing and certifying electricity installations. Site offices and welfare units are likely
to require a high concentration of electricity supply, but other, perhaps more isolated areas of
a site may also need supplying.
2. Water distribution and drainage. The CDM Regulations stipulate that sanitary
conveniences, washing facilities, and drinking water must be provided on a site.
3. In order that construction work can continue effectively and safely in periods of
insufficient natural light, it is important that a site is supplied with suitable artificial lighting.
Lighting can be used internally for general movement and working on the site itself,
externally for illuminating entry, storage, and circulation areas, and can also be an effective
form of deterrent for trespassers. Depending on the requirements of the site, an appropriate
lighting plan should be drawn up.
2. List at least three of the following resources that you may need to source for a low rise
residential build: Plant and equipment requirements
They are items that help an organization carry out daily tasks, such as maintaining their
facilities, as well as produce income for an organization. Equipment items can consist of
water heaters, air conditioning units, refrigerators, tractors, vehicles, and many more.
They include;
Products and materials.
Construction plant, tools, and equipment.
Human resources.
Space and facilities.
Subcontractors.
Finance.
3. List at least three of the following resources that you may need to source for a low rise
residential build: On-site labour requirements
These roles all include scheduling and management of physical resources, which include;
Site staff and direct labor
Plant
Materials
Information
Sub-Contractors

4. List at least three of the following resources that you may need to source for a low rise
residential build: Materials
The choice of these is based on their cost-effectiveness for building projects.
They include;
Wood,
cement,
aggregates,
metals,
bricks,
concrete,
clay
5. Where can you find this information? (from 1-4)
https://theconstructor.org/building/types-of-building-materials-construction/699/
6. What strategy or process do you follow when planning construction work in your business?
Choose a design professional. To create a plan and detailed scope of work, most homeowners
hire either an architect or interior designer, and sometimes both
Create a plan. After choosing a design firm, it's time to start making a plan.
Interview contractors. Contractors are frequently brought into the process once a final
schematic design has been selected
Go shopping while others are engineering. Love to shop or hate to shop? This may determine
whether you enlist a designer to help with your material selections
Get your permits. Depending on the scope of your project and where it’s located, permitting
can take a day, months or even years.
ready, set ... With the plan submitted for permits and material selections made, your
contractor will be able to finish up pricing and write up a contract for construction
7. List and briefly describe three construction codes, standards and government regulations
you must follow in your region
The Scheme Owner is responsible for the following:
a. maintaining the registration of the Mark of Conformity in accordance with the
Trademark Act 1995 (Cth);
b. protecting the Mark of Conformity against unsolicited use;
The Scheme Administrator is responsible for the management and administration of
the Scheme in accordance with these Rules and written directions from the Scheme
Owner, including the following:
a. undertaking the day to day administration of the Scheme;
b. creating and maintaining the Register of Certification Bodies
The Scheme Administrator is responsible for the management and administration of the
Scheme in accordance with these Rules and written directions from the Scheme Owner,
including the following:
a. undertaking the day to day administration of the Scheme;

b. creating and maintaining the Register of Certification Bodies and the Register of
Certificates of Conformity which must be accessible by Scheme participants and the
general public through the Scheme Administrator’s website;
The Scheme Accreditation Body may verify that Scheme Certification Bodies have
demonstrated competence to carry out specific conformity assessment tasks (including
but not limited to conducting conformity assessment activities in certification and
inspection of building products and processes).
8. Identify the processes and timeframes for regulatory approvals in your work area. Note the
council or regulatory office that this requirement is for.
The Administrator may make regulations, not inconsistent with this Act, prescribing matters:
(a) required or permitted by this Act to be prescribed; or(b) necessary or convenient to be
prescribed for carrying out or giving effect to this Act
the regulatory authority is NC for NORTHERN AUSTRALIA
9. How might a delay affect construction timeframes and how can this be managed?
Keeping your construction projects on schedule to meet your completion deadline is no easy
task. Adverse weather, costly rework, unavailable resources, and subcontractor default are
just a few of the things that can throw your timeline off course. Damages and penalties for
not hitting your deadline can ruin your profit and hurt your construction company’s
reputation.
Here are five tips to help you keep your construction projects on schedule and within budget:
1. Review Plans, Specs & Project Documents
2. Create & Coordinate a Master Schedule
3. Crafting contingency plans that can easily be executed will go a long way in mitigating
and resolving issues before they get out of control.
10. Explain how you prepare and maintain your project schedule: (Please include a
definition of the ‘critical path’ in your answer)
I believe that you can improve your chances for success just by following the six
simple steps below.
Step 1: Define the Schedule Activities
Step 2: Sequence the Activities
Step 3: Estimate the Resources Needed for the Activity
Step 4: Monitoring and Controlling the Schedule
Step 5: Critical path management-The critical path is the longest distance between
the start and the finish of your project, including all the tasks, their duration,
which gives you a clear picture of the project’s actual schedule.

CPCCBC4005A & CPCCBC4006B Knowledge Check:
Short Answer Questions
1. What information and documents could be included in the site file on your current site?
Please ensure you specify the types of documents (such as drawings and plans) that may be
included.
1. Article of agreement and conditions of the contract, for completing as a simple
contract (or as a deed).
2. Working drawings.
3. Bills of quantities.
4. Specifications.
5. Schedules of work.
Perhaps an information release schedule. Consultants can be reluctant to produce
information release schedules because of concerns about being held to the dates on
the schedule (even where the progress of construction does not require information
when the information release schedule proposes it). Failure to keep to the dates set
out in the information release schedule may then be a matter for which the contractor
can claim an extension of time and loss and/or expense.
A schedule of tender adjustments or clarifications negotiated and agreed after the
receipt of tenders and prior to the signing of the contract.
The requirement for the contractor to provide a performance bond and to obtain
collateral warranties from any sub-contractors or suppliers.
2. Identify the environmental impacts that you would take into consideration when
choosing materials used in a construction project:
a) The damage to the environment during mining or harvesting of the basic material.
b) How much damage in relation to the number of materials (what else is disturbed or
damaged?).
c) The source, size, or renewability of the basic material.
d) The recycle content.
e) Waste residue, solid or liquid, in production.
f) The air pollution due to manufacture and production.
g) The embodied energy
h) The energy consumed during transportation to the site of usage.
i) The energy consumed on-site for erection or assembling.
j) On-Site waste and packaging.
k) The maintenance required during the life-cycle.
l) The environmental impact during the life-cycle (i.e., toxic emissions).
m) The energy and effects associated with demolition/disposal at the end of the life-cycle.
n) The recyclability of the demolished/dissembled material.

3. How do you ensure that materials are handled correctly and safely on your current
worksite?
1. When manually moving materials, employees should seek help when a load is so bulky it
cannot be properly grasped or lifted, when they cannot see around or over it, or when they
cannot safely handle the load.
2. Handles or holders should be attached to loads to reduce the chances of getting fingers
pinched or smashed. Workers also should use appropriate protective equipment. For loads
with sharp or rough edges, wear gloves or other hand and forearm protection. In addition, to
avoid injuries to the eyes, use eye protection. When the loads are heavy or bulky, the mover
also should wear steel-toed safety shoes or boots to prevent foot injuries if he or she slips or
accidentally drops a load.
3. Boxed materials must be banded or held in place using cross-ties or shrink plastic fiber.
4. . List three different building materials and explain the properties of these materials,
their quality and their suitability or unsuitability for construction purposes:
Stone
There are two types of stones in the market; manually cut stones and machine cut stones. The
manually cut stones are strong and are preferred for foundations and load-bearing walls.
Sand
This is used with cement, and sometimes lime, to make mortar for masonry work and plaster.
The material is also used as a part of the concrete mix.
Fired bricks
These are made using clay which is compressed to form blocks then air-dried. After drying,
the bricks are burnt or fired in a kiln to permanently harden them.
5. Explain how materials can be tested to maintain quality standards on site – give
examples of 2 different materials.
Through a series of detection methods, the material data obtained is compared with quality
standards, to judge the reliability of quality materials, and whether they can be used for
engineering. Sampling inspection has commonly used the method. for example, one can test
the strength of the concrete by taking samples of mixed sand, cement, and gravel to labs for
testing. for the case fired bricks; their strength can be physically tested on site
6. What methods have you used to maintain effective sampling? Include the method of
record keeping you have used.
1. Direct work––the actual process of adding to a unit being constructed.
2. Essential contributory work—work not directly adding to, but essential to finishing the
work unit. This includes handling materials within the immediate work location,
receiving or giving instructions, reading plans, and the like.
3. Ineffective work—doing nothing or doing something that is not necessary to complete
the end product. This involves walking empty-handed, unexplained idle time or carrying
tools and materials outside the immediate work area.

7. What process does your business have for inspecting materials delivered on site for
defect?
1. Check your coverage and contracts. Construction projects often include multiple
stakeholders, such as the general contractor, designer, engineer, subcontractors, and material
suppliers. Assigning accountability if certain aspects of a project are subpar can be difficult
without clear guidelines in place.
2. Maintain project-related records, such as inspections, materials, delivery schedules, and
stakeholder names and responsibilities. Also, develop a formal process to document
specification changes, approvals, and verifications of work. Having comprehensive records
may help your business avoid litigation
8. Draft an email that you would send to the manufacturer or supplier of a material that
has arrived onsite with a defect:
Greetings!
This is to inform you of the card blocks that you delivered yesterday, 27th May 2019.
Exactly, 1073 blocks are of substandard quality; they are brittle, of less quality and break
easily. Hope you consider my email and waiting for your quick response.
9. What skills and planning have you used for supervision of small teams?
1. Communication with members of the teams
2. Conflict Resolution which arises within us
3. Leading my teams in the most effective way by recognizing where the strengths are, where
improvement is needed, and how to properly use the skillsets of each team member.
10. Provide and explain two examples of construction and contracting equipment that you
have used on-site and their use:
1. Bituminous mixing and laying plant- for mixing bitumen and gravel for road construction.
2. Breakers- to break big rocks to sizable ones
3. Bulldozers-to dig a foundation
4. Cherry pickers
11. Describe a time when you determined the need for subcontractor resources?
I came to realize that as a contractor, you cannot be in a position to own each and every
equipment required in construction and some work requires a specific profession which is
expensive to hire. and so the best way to save resources and time to source for subcontractors

CPCCBC4004A Knowledge Check: Short Answer
Questions
1. State and territory governments have codes, standards and regulations that are
relevant to the form of building or construction being undertaken. Give three examples
with a brief description of each:
The approval by the state of plans for the erection of any buildings shall be subject to
conformity with these By-laws and shall be null and void if –
(a) the work shall not have been commenced within twelve months from the date of such
approval; o
(b) a notice of commencement, in accordance with by-law 16 (1) (a) (i) of these By-laws has
been given but the work is not completed within two years from the date of approval of the
plans or such other extended period as the council may authorize; o
(c) compliance is not made with any conditions imposed at the time of such approval.
(The state of Queensland may in writing and upon such conditions as it deems fit, grant
permission to an employer to erect temporary living accommodation for building laborers
and watchmen in connection with a specific operation.
2. What costing software program does your company use? Why have they chosen this
software?
Jonas Construction Software
Jonas Construction Software is an award-winning system that first came to the market in
1990. It offers an array of construction management applications for bid management, project
management, service management, customer management, and accounting.
In fact, Jonas Construction Software has more than 40 modules designed to help construction
companies manage both the accounting and operational aspects of the construction business.
Jonas Construction Software is well suited for construction companies with at least $1
million of annual revenues.
3. When briefing a potential client on the regulations covering their house extension what
changes would you make to allow for: a) A client who was unable to read
I will summarize the required certifications and standards and then explain them by word of
mouth. I will explain what needs to be done in order for the changes in the original plan to be
effected.
4. When briefing a potential client on the regulations covering their house extension what
changes would you make to allow for: b) A recent immigrant with limited
understanding of English
for non-English speakers, I will request the client to come with a translator who will help
him/her to understand the requirements and certification for the changes in the original plan.
will also try to make him understand the Australian codes and standards in the construction
industry.

5. What is an overlay drawing/plan? What types of information is evident on a building
plan?
Overlay drawing: Drawing which is produced on a transparent medium and thus can be
copied together with other drawings related to the same subject and at the same scale.
information contained include;
-Foundation plan, including dimensions and locations for footings.
-Framing plan, for the wall, including the size of the lumber to be used - usually 2x4 or
2x6.
-The Sub-Floor Plan gives details of how this area will be constructed and how services
will be arranged.
-Roof plans, including type, pitch, and framing.
-Interior elevation drawings (interior walls).
-Detail drawings, such as built-in shelving, moldings, and columns.
-Schedules for elements such as windows and doors.
-Structural layouts.
6. Name four local government and regulatory bodies that need to be considered when
pricing a construction project:
National construction code
world health Organization-Australia
Queensland government
National construction authority
7. Name six materials commonly used in construction:
sand, cement, timber, building blocks, clay, iron wires
8. How do you determine the materials required for a project in your business?
material requirement plan;
1. What components do we need?
2. How many of each component do we need?
3. When do we need the components?
9. What quality standards are set by your business for the production of documentation
(such as estimates)?
proper record keeping
all transactions must have proof in terms of receipts
all estimates must cater wastage
10. Name six types of plant or equipment that are required to be costed in a construction
project:
Earth Moving equipment
Construction vehicle
Material Handling Equipment

Construction Equipment
tunneling equipment
CPCCBC4005A & CPCCBC4006B Knowledge Check:
Short Answer Questions
1. What information and documents could be included in the site file on your current site?
Please ensure you specify the types of documents (such as drawings and plans) that may be
included.
1. Article of agreement and conditions of the contract, for completing as a simple contract (or as
a deed). 2. Working drawings. 3. Bills of quantities. 4. Specifications. 5. Schedules of work.
Perhaps an information release schedule. Consultants can be reluctant to produce information
release schedules because of concerns about being held to the dates on the schedule (even where
the progress of construction does not require information when the information release schedule
proposes it). Failure to keep to the dates set out in the information release schedule may then be a
matter for which the contractor can claim an extension of time and loss and/or expense. A
schedule of tender adjustments or clarifications negotiated and agreed after the receipt of tenders
and prior to the signing of the contract. The requirement for the contractor to provide a
performance bond and to obtain collateral warranties from any sub-contractors or suppliers.
2. Identify the environmental impacts that you would take into consideration when
choosing materials used in a construction project:
a) The damage to the environment during mining or harvesting of the basic material. b) How
much damage in relation to the number of materials (what else is disturbed or damaged?). c) The
source, size, or renewability of the basic material. d) The recycle content. e) Waste residue, solid
or liquid, in production. f) The air pollution due to manufacture and production. g) The embodied
energy h) The energy consumed during transportation to the site of usage. i) The energy
consumed on-site for erection or assembling. j) On-Site waste and packaging. k) The
maintenance required during the life-cycle. l) The environmental impact during the life-cycle (ie,
toxic emissions). m) The energy and effects associated with demolition/disposal at the end of the
life-cycle.) The recyclability of the demolished/dissembled material.
3. How do you ensure that materials are handled correctly and safely on your current
worksite?
1. When manually moving materials, employees should seek help when a load is so bulky it
cannot be properly grasped or lifted, when they cannot see around or over it, or when they cannot
safely handle the load. 2. Handles or holders should be attached to loads to reduce the chances of
getting fingers pinched or smashed. Workers also should use appropriate protective equipment.
For loads with sharp or rough edges, wear gloves or other hand and forearm protection. In
addition, to avoid injuries to the eyes, use eye protection. When the loads are heavy or bulky, the