Contemporary Themes Report: UK Immigration, CSR in Africa, and IMF

This report delves into several contemporary themes. It begins with an analysis of immigration in the UK, exploring both its economic and educational benefits, while also addressing cultural inequalities and discrimination faced by immigrants. The report then shifts its focus to Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in Africa, outlining challenges faced by oil companies, such as environmental damage and labor relations, and proposing solutions like eco-friendly techniques and improved labor policies. The report further examines the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank, discussing their benefits and drawbacks, including the conditions imposed on borrowing countries and unethical investments. Lastly, the report analyzes the 'Ban the Box' campaign, evaluating its benefits in providing opportunities for individuals with criminal records while also considering its potential negative impacts, such as increased discrimination based on race. The report concludes with a list of references.

Contemporary Themes

TABLE OF CONTENTS
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
Immigration (Population Movements & Human Rights).......................................................1
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................1
PROBLEMS with CSR in Africa...........................................................................................1
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................2
Monetary system in IMF and World Bank.............................................................................2
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................3
Ban the Box............................................................................................................................3
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................5

TASK 1
Immigration (Population Movements & Human Rights)
There are certain benefits of immigration in UK which are mentioned below :
 Economic Benefits : Through the figures and facts of various researches
conducted at UK, it has been cleared that those employees who have migrated
from Europe and started living at UK has contributed very well in economy of
UK.
 Educational Benefits: Immigrants from UK are good at education and talent. As
per a research European immigrants, possess more degrees from various
universities and management schools in comparison to its natives.
Disadvantages of immigration:
 Cultural inequality: Those who have migrated from Europe and arrived at UK
have different cultural and social values in comparison with those who are living
in UK since from their birth (Dustmann and Frattini, 2014). Inequality or
imbalance in cultural values may give rise to disputes in the society.
1. Those people who have migrated from other countries and now they are residing
at UK are facing conflicts and other issues related with discrimination (Ruhs and
Anderson, 2010). They are facing such racism and discrimination at their working
place.
TASK 2
PROBLEMS with CSR in Africa
The word contemporary itself means something which belongs from ancient time period.
In this report, a detailed description is given on corporate social responsibility (CSR). CSR deals
in such activities through which a sustainable development and various other benefits can be
provided to stakeholders (Lindgreen and Swaen, 2010). There are certain issues which are
creating hurdles in the sustainable development of Africa which are related with education,
health and environment. There are certain problems which are faced by oil companies in Africa
with CSR:

 Change in environment of Africa: Mining and refineries are becoming reason for
environmental imbalance in Africa. Oil companies are damaging environment by causing
harm to quality of air and water.
 Labour relations: Oil companies of Africa are facing problems which are related with the
labour. Contractors who provide labour facility to oil companies are now demanding
better pay but oil companies are not ready to pay such quoted amount and this is creating
dispute in violent confrontations in many part of Africa.
 Corporate and government accountability and responsibility: Corruption is a major
drawback in economy of Africa. Due to lack of accountability by local government in
Africa growth of many industries including oil and gas industry are affected adversely.
Solutions for issue of CSR in Africa
Solutions for given issues are necessary so that a sustainable growth can be achieved by
oil companies in Africa (Okpara and Idowu, 2013). These solutions are mentioned below:
 Better equipments and Eco-friendly techniques: Oil companies in Africa are required to
identify better techniques which causes less harm to environment so that people in Africa
can live a healthy life.
 Maintenance of good human relation: Maintaining good human relation in oil and gas
industry is necessary. Management should implement better policies for labour force and
they should provide them incentives and medical facilities.
 Accountability by local government: Government of Africa needs to be responsible in
maintaining economy so that sustainable development could be achieved.
TASK 3
Monetary system in IMF and World Bank
Benefits of International Monetary Fund and World Bank
There are certain benefits in monetary system of IMF and world these are mentioned
below:
IMF
 The IMF helps the countries which are facing payment deficit. It acts as an adviser to the
government of specific country for establishing better economy policy.
 The major advantage of IMF is that it provides loan facility to countries when such
nations are facing economical crisis.

World Bank
 World Bank helps countries by providing funds for developing the projects, so that they
can grow in a better way. World Bank assist various banking and financial sectors of its neighbouring countries so
that they can regulate and control finance in their nation
IMF and / or WORLD BANK are DETRIMENTAL and need to be REFORMED
There are certain reasons for which World Bank needs to be reformed so that harmful
effect can be removed:
 World Bank imposes certain conditions on countries which borrows funds from them
which include deregulation of industries and privatization of government occupied
industries (Beck,Demirgüç-Kunt and Levine,2010). Due to this, the state loses its control
over its industries and economy as well as World Bank takes over an unethical control
over the operation of borrowing company.
 World Bank has invested its money in some projects which are totally unethical
(McKenzie and Woodruff, 2013). For example, it has invested in hydroelectric dams
because of which people living there are forced to migrate from there.
World Bank needs to be reformed because of such issues that are mentioned above.
Reformation of it with better policies can assist people to get better benefits.
TASK 4
Ban the Box
Ban the Box is an international campaigns which relates with exclusion of check box
containing question regarding criminal record, from hiring applications.
There are certain benefits of Ban the Box, these are mentioned below :
 Candidates who had a criminal record can get a chance to start a new life so that they can
leave back their old life and dark memories related with it.
 Former US President Barack Hussein Obama also supported Ban the Box campaign so
that an improved life with social values can be provided to those who had earlier
convicted for something. Most of the employees of UK may have certain litigation matters and they may have
been convicted and hence such conditions can reduce work force in UK (Agan and Starr,
2016). Implementation of such agenda can increase the work force.

Ban the Box is Detrimental
There are several demerits of Ban the Box which is mentioned below:
 The motive of organizations for putting check box including question regarding
conviction and litigation issues can be considered a bit logical (Garcia, 2012). As every
entity wants that their business environment will have less hurdles and problems. If a
person with a criminal record is working in a firm then it may be possible that other
employees feel unsafe and less comfortable in working with such person.
 Through a research, it has been emerged that prior to Ban the Box White American
applicants was getting 7% more call backs for job in comparison to Black American
applicants. But after this campaign, White applicants are getting 45% more call backs for
hiring them. This means that it has created racism and discrimination.
REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Agan, A. Y. and Starr, S. B., 2016. Ban the box, criminal records, and statistical discrimination:
A field experiment.

Beck, T., Demirgüç-Kunt, A. and Levine, R., 2010. Financial institutions and markets across
countries and over time: The updated financial development and structure database. The
World Bank Economic Review, p.lhp016.
Dustmann, C. and Frattini, T., 2014. The fiscal effects of immigration to the UK. The economic
journal. 124(580). pp.F593-F643.
Garcia, A., 2012. The Kobayashi Maru of Ex-Offender Employment: Rewriting the Rules and
Thinking Outside Current Ban the Box Legislation. Temp. L. Rev. 85. p.921.
Lindgreen, A. and Swaen, V., 2010. Corporate social responsibility. International Journal of
Management Reviews. 12(1). pp.1-7.
McKenzie, D. and Woodruff, C., 2013. What are we learning from business training and
entrepreneurship evaluations around the developing world?. The World Bank Research
Observer, p.lkt007.
Okpara, J. O. and Idowu, S. O., 2013. Corporate Social Responsibility. Springer Berlin
Heidelberg.
Ruhs, M. and Anderson, B., 2010. Who needs migrant workers?: labour shortages, immigration,
and public policy. Oxford University Press.