Evidence-Based Practice Report: Health Scenarios and Interventions

This report examines evidence-based practices (EBP) across three health scenarios: cyberbullying in adolescents, burnout in healthcare staff, and strategies for reducing anxiety. The paper utilizes the PICO model (Problem, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome) to formulate clinical questions and analyze potential interventions for each scenario. For cyberbullying, the report suggests minimizing online time and promoting offline activities, while also advocating for governmental regulations. Burnout is addressed through interventions such as increased staffing, regulated working hours, and employee motivation strategies. Finally, the report explores strategies to reduce anxiety, including the development of positive thinking. The paper provides search terms and relevant links for each scenario, demonstrating a comprehensive approach to EBP in healthcare.

Running head: EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE 1
Evidence-Based Practice
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation

EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE 2
Introduction
Research refers to an organized exploration into a given subject (Yan-Fang, Shu-Tao,
Feng, & Wang, 2016). Research requires an individual to study publications and other different
resources to come up with an answer to a problem. Research can be unidirectional or
multidirectional. The research needs to note down the search question and search for sources
with the appropriate information concerning the issue. However, Evidence-based practice (EBP)
is a particular kind of research that medical practitioners use in treatment (LoBiondo-Wood, &
Haber, 2017). The task involves adopting information from reliable sources. Any treatment
method must have an evidence-based background. Research on EBP must also have current
literature to support its claims. However, the understandable study does not require much
evidence. Current literature is not essential in usual research methods.
PICO model is an evidence-based question framework (Milner, & Cosme, 2017). The
model enables nurses to raise clinical questions that assist them to achieve treatment solutions.
The model outlines a medical puzzle that practitioners answer to come up with the most effective
treatment options. When clinicians correctly follow the model, patients get the most efficient
care. Letter (P) stands for, Problem, Patient, or Population. The researcher must identify the kind
of people seeking medical attention. Note (I) stands for intervention. The clinician must know
the types of measures towards a medical condition. Letter (C) holds for comparison. The nurse
should compare the varieties of treatment options and choose the best in line with the patient's
preference. Letter O refers to the outcome. After treatment, the physician should engage the
result of the treatment options that they choose (Milner, & Cosme, 2017). This paper applies the
principles of evidence-based practice; develops clinical questions for various health scenarios.
Links used

EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE 3
une.edu.au/connect/respect-now-always/what-is-threateni
une.edu.au/current-students/support/rna/what-is-threate
blog.une.edu.au/news/2016/05/30/the-two-faces-of-snapch
Cyberbullying in adolescence
P- The target population is the adolescent youth
I – the intervention; the kids should concentrate more on other important issues such as
education and help their parents at home. These bullied should report the incidences to the
nearby authorities
C- Comparison: USA authorities encourage their youths to report cases of cyberbullying. The
strict laws in the US have minimized cyberbullying. The same strategy should apply in Australia
to curb the vice.
O- The outcome of the strategy reduces cyberbullying in the youth.
PICO Clinical question: how can the youth minimize cyberbullying by concentration on other
essential chores and also by spending little time online?
The search terms: Cyberbullying in Australia; How to avoid cyberbullying; effects of
cyberbullying on Australian youth, and how spending little time online prevents the vice.
Additionally, how concentration on education and other house chores avoid cyberbullying.
Cyberbullying refers to the unhealthy harassment that the youth receive from others on
the online platforms (Hinduja, S., & Patchin, 2017). The abusing messages and comments lower
the self-esteem of most teenagers. Additionally, some young individuals lose hope and get
depressed as a result of cyberbullying (Hamm et al., 2015). Some youths go the extent of
committing suicide. The vice is standard across the world and majorly targets and affects the
adolescents.

EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE 4
The youth can follow various steps to curb the vice in real time. Firstly, they can
minimize the amount of time that they spend online. The invention of social media platforms
such as Facebook and WhatsApp, have glued the young ones to them for prolonged periods of
time. The young generation is trendy and shares most of the events of their private lives on the
online platforms (Lapidot-Lefler, & Dolev-Cohen, 2015). They reveal even private information
such as their relationship and family details. Moreover, other also share their phone contacts
online. Furthermore, others share their nudes online to get more likes and comment. Sometimes,
they receive positive thoughts from social media users (Betts, & Spenser, 2017). However,
others abuse them and widely share their information to expose them to the whole world. The
negativity in the platforms works to demoralize the youth.
Although the youth and all stakeholders cannot wholly end cyberbullying, they can
minimize it. The Australian government should come up with regulations that govern
cyberbullying. Any orchestrators of bullying should face jail term (Dillon, & Bushman, 2015).
Additionally, a hefty penalty is necessary for those bullying the adolescence online. The United
States executive has come up with regulations to punish the suspects. The move has reduced
cyberbullying in the USA.
The youth should minimize the amount of time that they spend online. The more, the
time one spends on online platforms, the more their chances of experiencing bullying. As they
use the whole of their day active on Facebook, they can post revealing contents online. The
online world can respond by hauling insults to them (Reed, Cooper, Nugent, & Russell, 2016).
The youth can find other means of spending their leisure time. They can spend more time with
friends during holidays as they carry out co-curriculum activities.

EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE 5
The youth should prioritize education and other essential activities such as attending to
church services. When they spend much time online, their school grades drop since they have
little time to study. Additionally, their spiritual life is also affected. The youth should steadily
review their books and attend to their religious beliefs (Lonigro et al., 2015). They should log in
online platforms only after visiting academic work. The youth should desist from sharing
revealing information about themselves on those platforms. However, they should expect both
negative and positive reactions from the platforms.
The youth should know how to handle online comments. They should not take negative
comments seriously. Additionally, they should post information that is essential and should not
post irrelevant details. In case they suspect bullying, they should report to the relevant
Authorities. Cyberbullying is a serious offense that requires multidisciplinary actions (Lonigro et
al., 2015). The government should regulate the age of youths that can join online platforms.
Those below the age of eighteen should keep off the platforms. School teachers should train
teens on how to deal with cyberbullying.
Links used
psycnet.apa.org
taylorfrancis.com
Reduction in burnout rates in staff members
P- The concerned population is the staff members continually seeking sick leaves due to burnout.
I –The intervention involves recruiting more workers and reducing the number of working hours.
C- Comparison. Other health facilities across Australia are prioritizing the welfare of the workers
to motivate them and reduce the burnout incidences.

EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE 6
O- A proper implementation of the proposed intervention measures reduces the number of
burnout cases among the workers.
The PICO question: What are the strategies for lowering the burnout rates in employees?
The search terms: Causes of burnouts, strategies for preventing burnouts, and employee
motivation.
Research parameters: UNE library portal.
Solutions to burnouts
A busy hospital set up experiences severe employee burnouts. Whenever the nurses are
exhausted at their duty posts, they seek infected leaves to rest and gain morale for their jobs. A
health facility that has few nurses and plenty of visiting patients can experience burnout (Nanda,
Lundstrom, & Ghosh, 2017). A nurse who attends to many patients in a day gets exhausted at a
faster rate. Some hospitals pay little and unsustainable wages to their health employees (Traynor,
2017). Such practitioners lack enough motivation to handle a huge workload at the duty post.
Some hospitals have pathetic work environment. The conditions of the job are also
unfavorable. Such deplorable work status leads to health practitioners' burnout. Most hospitals
strain nurses with long working hours (West, C. P., & Hauer, 2015). The practitioners use a lot
of energy hence burnout easily in the cause of the week. The exhaustion can result from the
family issues of the practitioners. Nurses who have turbulent family relationships experience
increased chances of burnout. Certain hospitals do not motivate their nurses. Hence the
employees have little working morale (Nelson, & Thomas, 2012). Other hospitals have very few
employees, yet the workload is excessive. The lack of specialization makes workers engage in
jobs outside their area of expertise, therefore, demoralizing them.

EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE 7
The hospitals can implement a few changes to reduce the burnout of employees. Firstly,
the organizations should recruit more staff members. The increase in workload should call for a
recruitment process to match the workload (Dhingra, Tewari, & Li 2016). Hospitals should
restrict health practitioners to their lines of specialization. Multitasking by nurses quickly wears
them out. The health facilities should medically ensure their staff members. In cases of sickness
due to burnout, the facility should fully settle the hospital bills of the employees. The health
facility should regulate the number of working hours. Long hours of work exhaust the minds of
nurses. The healthcare workers should work for a period of six to eight hours in a day. The
health facility should motivate their staff (West, C. P., & Hauer, 2015). The motivation can be
informed of industrial trips and awards. Such strategies enable workers to work long hours
without rest as they chase the excellence awards.
The health facility should ensure proper working conditions for its workers. The
requirements include good breaks and the provision of breakfast and lunch; well-fed employees
rarely burn out. Another method of motivation is through the increase of wages. Huge salaries
motivate the employees (Nelson, & Thomas, 2012). Those who pay little amount of burnout
faster than those with competitive packages. The health facility should create a guidance and
counseling department. The section should assist members who have pressing family matters.
Unsuccessful marriages and domestic violence at their private places may lead to the burnout
(West, & Hauer, 2015). Thus, nurses should get expert advice on how to make their marriages
work.
The health facility should accept nursing students on attachment and internship to bail out
the employed health practitioners. Additionally, the hospital should employ both temporary and
permanent workers. The temporary employees should fill up for workers on leave. The hospital

EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE 8
should introduce the shift system of work. Nurses should continuously work for a week. The
next nurse should carry on the duties in the proceeding weeks (West, C. P., & Hauer, 2015). The
hospital should foster teamwork. Individualistic commitment is stressful, and hence the nurse can
make treatment mistakes (West, C. P., & Hauer, 2015). The physicians should consult among
themselves to avoid burnout. The health organization should grant long holidays to nurses to
enable them to resume duty when they are fresh enough. The health facility should give the
clinicians the sick leaves unconditionally.
Links to articles used
blog.une.edu.au/news/2016/05/30/the-two-faces-of-snapch
une.edu.au/current-students/support/rna/what-is-threate
Strategies for reducing anxiety
P- The patient is Mr. Johnson; the problem is how to manage stress
I – The interventions include the development of positive thinking among others
C- Comparison. The development of positive thinking works better than therapeutic strategies.
O- Observation. Proper implementation of the interventions reduces the magnitude of the anxiety
PICO question: what are the strategies for reducing anxiety?
Search terms: the definition of anxiety; causes of stress, and strategies to eliminate fear.
Anxiety is the state of the mind that makes one restless as they wait for uncertainty
(Malouff, J. 2013). The feeling makes an individual be unease. In the life of a person, at some
time, everyone must experience the excitement. When it grips an individual, the person cannot
properly carry out their daily activities. Anxiety touches the minds of the affected individuals.
An anxious person gets difficulty in sleep (Katzman et al., 2014). Most anxious people stay

EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE 9
awake during the night time. The arrival of the feeling should indicate to the victim that
something is amiss (Candy, Atkin, Vickerstaff, & Tookman, 2015). Therefore, the person needs
to seek urgent medical attention.
There are numerous ways of preventing anxiety. Firstly, the victim should disagree with
the thoughts that anxiety poses. The individual should not allow anxiety to control them. In most
cases, anxiety forces individuals to think negatively. The anxious individual starts seeing no
positive points in life (Butow et al., 2015). The person presumes that the negativity in their mind
is soon becoming a reality. An anxious person like Mr. Johnson begins to see themselves in the
worst part of life. To prevent anxiety, Mr. Johnson should try and erase the negative thinking and
feel from his mind. He should develop a positive mentality however uncertain his situation may
be. He should be courageous and hopeful that everything turns up well.
Victims of anxiousness need a reversal of mentality. Mr. Johnson should reverse the
thoughts that are crossing his mind from negative to positive thoughts. Moreover, Mr. Johnson
should evaluate his mind and categorize his ideas. He should avoid the feeling that makes him be
a sad and a worried man (Watson, & Kissane, 2017). Moreover, he should embrace thoughts that
bring joy to his heart. He should train his eyes on what to see and what to avoid. He should
prevent seeing adverse occurrences such as dead bodies or of individuals shading tears. Before
making any conclusions, Mr. Johnson should critically assess the evidence beforehand.
Mr. Johnson should develop positivity in his thinking. He should narrow down his
thoughts to specifics and abandon a broad style of view. In case, he is apprehensive about an
occasion; he should draw a suitable method of dealing with the problem at hand. After too much
work, Mr. Johnson should take a vacation. The strenuous job without rest leads to anxiety (Shaw
et al., 2017). He needs the rest of mind and soul to curb anxiety. He should not work throughout.

EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE 10
However, he should look for time to relax and have a reflective framework. Mr. Johnson should
consider listening to his favorite genre of music to relieve stress.
Constant physical regiments also reduce the feelings of anxiety. Mrs. Johnson should
start cooking a balanced diet for the patient. She should ensure that the husband eats
appropriately and observe at least three meals in a day (Creswell, Waite, & Cooper, 2014). Mr.
Johnson should sleep adequately. The sleeping from should span from six to eight hours. Mr.
Johnson should prepare himself for any eventuality. Furthermore, he should know how to deal
with any occurrence no matter the magnitude. He should stop worrying about what the future
beholds. However, e should take each day as it comes and strives to have a better future.
Mr. Johnson should carry out an evaluation test on himself. Additionally, he should list
down the list of his priorities. Therefore, he should strive hard to achieve the goals that honestly
matter. He should avoid thinking about things that don't matter to him. Anxiety manifests as a
negative thought. Therefore, he should keep himself busy to avoid the time for negative
thoughts. The activities that he carries out to prevent idleness should concur with his priorities.
Links used
une.edu.au/current-students/support/student-support/spe
une.edu.au/about-une/faculty-of-humanities-arts-social-
Conclusion
Research and Evidence-based practice are two different terms. While research involves
looking into the causes of a scenario, the analysis in evidence-based practice must have
supporting literature. Conduction of a particular evidence practice requires the use of the PICO
model to formulate a research question. The nurses then use the clinical problem to obtain
supportive evidence of any treatment method. Nurses can use evidence-based practice to solve a

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majority of issues. PICO is an acronym; each work has meaning. The letter P is Problem, or
patient or population. The letter addresses the specific patient or society that the EBP research is
targeting. Note (I) Is the measure of Intervention. The analysis should provide a wide range of
evidence-based treatment solutions for a given ailment. Letter (C) Stands for comparison. The
nurses should compare their method of treatment to others. Letter (O) Stands for observation.
After the procedure, the nurses observe the effectiveness of the treatment options. The
researchers use PICO to formulate an EBP clinical question.

EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE 12
References
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(2015). Clinical pathway for the screening, assessment, and management of anxiety and
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Creswell, C., Waite, P., & Cooper, P. J. (2014). Assessment and management of anxiety
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Dhingra, M., Tewari, R., & Li, M. (2016). Resilience training in medical school: the solution to
doctor burnout?.
Dillon, K. P., & Bushman, B. J. (2015). Unresponsive or un-noticed?: Cyberbystander
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Hamm, M. P., Newton, A. S., Chisholm, A., Shulhan, J., Milne, A., Sundar, P., ... & Hartling, L.
(2015). Prevalence and effect of cyberbullying on children and young people: A scoping
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