University Enterprise Architecture Portfolio: SBM4303 Course Project

This Enterprise Architecture portfolio, created by a student, covers key aspects of the SBM4303 course. It begins with a case study analysis of Johnson & Johnson's challenges in managing internal and external business operations, proposing IT strategy solutions to improve customer focus and streamline operations. The portfolio then delves into Enterprise Architecture frameworks, including Zachman, TOGAF, FEA, and Gartner, discussing their applications and benefits. It includes Entity Relationship Diagrams (ERDs) for a Milk Dairy and Quikfix Electronics. Furthermore, the document addresses tutorial questions related to EA program value, associated risks, strategic goals, business services, resource management, and risk management techniques. The assignment also explores EA methodology, including its phases, domains, and approaches. Finally, the portfolio reviews journal articles on EA and Big Data, EA and Cloud Computing, focusing on project failures, benefits, and security recommendations. The references used are also listed.

Running head: SBM4303 ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE
SBM4303 Enterprise Architecture
Name of Student-
Name of University-
Author’s Note-

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Portfolio 1.1- Case Study
a. The main problem the Johnson & Johnson faced was managing its internal as well as
external business operations. The company wanted to offer the customers of Johnson & Johnson
Single Point of Contact (Giachetti 2016). The main focus of the managers was to make the
operating companies to run effectively neglecting to focus to customer retention. As a result, the
customers of the company had to manage their own multiple invoices, have multiple sales calls
and has multiple contract with their operating companies. After implementing the IT strategy in
the operating system, it only focused on the operating unit of the company.
b. There is need to major technological changes that are needed in the company to change
the focus of the IT from the operating unit of the company (Plataniotis et al. 2015). The
strategies of IT should be included in business operation of the company to enhance corporate
level and the operation level of the company. For enhancing the corporate business strategies, the
company needs to take feedback from the customer regarding their services, the company should
strengthen their team who provides customer service, and they should track the performance of
the customer.
c. Zachman Framework, also known as Enterprise Architecture framework consists of
logical structure that classifies as well as organizes descriptive representations in the
organization (Kasemsap 2018). This framework can be applied to Johnson & Johnson by
intersecting two historical classifications; first finding all the fundamentals that have been used
in Johnson & Johnson since its establishment and the second is transformation of the idea of the
organization to instantiation.
Portfolio 1.2- Frameworks for Enterprise Architecture

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a. According to Zachman framework, many of the organization faces difficulties to
respond to the changes in the organization (Zimmermann et al. 2015). This because of lack of
understanding the structure of the organization and all the components that are included in the
organization. Zachman framework includes a means of classifying the architecture of the
organization.
In Togaf Enterprise Architecture Framework, the business goals are defined and align
those business goals with the objective of the architecture for developing the enterprise software.
According to Federal Enterprise architecture, the organization can include principles and
the standards about how to carry out the business, include information technology in the business
(Safari, Faraji and Majidian 2016). The most common approach in FEA provides all the
integration points with the governance including strategic planning, program management, cyber
security, human capital management, and capital planning.
Gartner Enterprise architecture helps to have a access to the full insight range for the
architects. The solutions that are provided by Gartner are auditing the risks, communications and
include the human resource in the organization.

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Portfolio 1.3- ERD Diagram
Case Study 1: Milk Dairy
Figure 1: Entity Relationship Diagram for Milk Dairy
(Source: Created by Author)

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Case Study 2: Quikfix Electronics
Figure 2: Entity Relationship Diagram of Quikfix Electronics
(Source: Created by Author)

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Portfolio 1.4- Tutorial Questions
Week 3:
1. The value that EA program provides is management program that includes resource
alignment, standardized policy, decision support, and resource oversight (Rouhani et al. 2015).
EA program also provides documentation that includes the approach of EA, the present
architecture of EA, the future of the business architecture, and the management plan of EA. EA
program value includes to achieve the strategic goals, improve the business performance,
improve the technology support, and controlling the cost of technology.
2. The risks that are associated with EA program are: Security vulnerabilities as well as
exposures, distracting the critical staffs, having low adoption rate, increasing the cost of the
solution, decreasing the user acceptance, creating dependencies, having project delays, and
carefully introducing the metrics of business performance.
3. EA helps an organization to increase strategic goals by identifying as well as analyzing
the new ideas that comes in an organization (Lange, Mendling and Recker 2016). The EA helps
to evaluate the ideas of the organization as its highest priority and completing the business case
that are used for pursuing. EA helps in transition plans as well as implements alternative
solutions that includes the estimation of cost, the resources and the risks associated with the
organization.
4. Business service or business capabilities are considered as a part of business
architecture that becomes more popular. EA helps an architect in designing a smart architecture
for all the businesses and the organizations that uses the concept of EA. The business service of

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designed by an architect using the concept of EA and helps in increasing the capabilities of the
business.
5. To manage the resources and the allocation of the resources in an organization is an
important task and EA helps the manager of the project to assign the resources directly to all the
model elements that are includes in the EA. This particular facility of EA helps the organization
to have conjunction with the tools of project management for providing tracking for developing
the progress of the organization.
6. Risk management in an organization includes finding out the possible risks that are
associated with the business process and the ways to mitigate those risks (Niemi and Pekkola
2017). There are different processes of risk management that varies due to requirement of the
business and need of the enterprise. Two ways by which risk can be managed are risk retention
and risk avoidance technique.
7. EA is considered as an effective way to develop the current as well as future views of
the enterprise. EA helps to integrate the strategic processes, the business and the technology by
comparing them with other businesses. EA helps the organization to have detailed, scalable, as
well as repeatable methodology that is used in documentation as well as analysis.
Week 4:
1. The EA methodology is a guide that helps in establishing, maintaining, as well as using
the framework of EA and some documentation approach (Chorafas 2016). The methodology of
EA include step by step description about how the program of EA is carried out and is
established in the organization and development of documentation of EA.

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2. For an Enterprise architect framework, there are three basic domains that are included
are business architecture, application architecture, and infrastructure architecture (Lapalme et al.
2016). The framework of business architecture is flexible, adaptability, as well as reliable. EA
methodology is explicit way that structures the thinking of a person as well as action of a person
that are undertaken in an organization. Methodology mainly contains models as well as reflect
the perspective of the person that is based on the reality.
3. The phase 1 activities in EA methodology includes establishment of management
program of EA with the identification of chief architect. This also establishes the EA
implementation methodology, establishes the EA governance as well as links to the process, and
finally develop the EA communication plan.
4. Phase 2 activities includes the EA framework and the tool selection and phase 3
activities includes the documentation of EA (Hinkelmann et al. 2016). Until the framework of
EA is not selected and the tool being selected, the documentation cannot be prepared. So, the
activities of phase 3 in EA methodology depends on the completion of work of Phase 2
methodology.
5. The purpose of phase 2 methodology is to select a particular framework for the
documentation, identify the order off the documentation, and identify the documents that are to
be documented, selecting the appropriate documentation methods and selecting the software
tools that will be used in an organization. In phase 2, the EA repository is also selected.
On the other hand, in phase 4 the use of EA is carried out along with the maintenance of
EA (Whittle and Myrick 2016). There is use of EA information that are included for resource as

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well as decision making. The component of EA updated on regular basis and the EA repository
is maintained and modelling capabilities.
6. There are different approaches of EA that an organization can implement. The
different approach of EA are MIT approach, and DYA approach. The two approaches of EA
mainly facilitate business as well as IT alignment. Different business can use different
approaches of EA in their organization for increasing their business activities.
7. For execution program, and execution methodology, the project manager is
responsible. The project manager or the architect who is developing the project is mainly
responsible for completing the project.
8. For working the EA properly in the organization, the EA is to be updated. The
enterprise architect software needs latest technologies and updated technologies for the
organization (Kistasamy, Van Der Merwe and De La Harpe 2010). The EA tools and software
are to be updated in one month interval or when there is latest version available on the internet.
Portfolio 1.5- Journal Article Review
EA and Big data
a) One of the main reason of big data project failure is that the companies without any
proper reason builds some complex databases and them starts collecting the data that are based
on some vague plan without having proper knowledge of big data.
Other reason for the big data project being a failure are the businesses does not have any
goal and there is no alignment of the business with the business requirements (Cameron 2014).
The businesses have poor planning of business activities and fails to recognize the scope of the

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project. Lack of data access is also another reason for failure of big data and because of lack of
communication in between the stakeholders. The change management issues also sometimes
leads to project failure. The project handling big data should focus on the technology instead of
focusing on the other business opportunities.
b) Focusing on impact of big data in EA, there might be several categories in the general
requirements of implementing EA in an organization (Cameron 2014). The EA mainly produces
a gap analysis between future state as well as the current state and this helps to create a roadmap
for supporting the evolution of the enterprise for the future state that closes the gaps. The vision
and the mission of enterprise wide, the strategic goal of the business is also supported by the
enterprise architect software. The EA also supports the business strategy and supports the
products and the service that are existing in an organization.
EA and Cloud computing
a) The important recommendations that are needed for application security and
application encryption mainly include:
1) Managing the credentials of the application that are mostly critical.
2) Using of encryption is needed for securing the data storage in cloud environment
(Aureli, Pierfranceschi and Wache 2012). The data in the organization is to be protected in
similar way by an encryption method that use the cloud environment along with the external
systems.
3) The encryption that is chosen by the system mainly confirms the system that is
existing as well as follows the government standards.

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4) There must be keys used for encrypting the data that are to be protected when they are
stored.
5) It also needed to check whether the data is encrypted or not during the transit that
might happen inside the network of the cloud provider.
6) In case of IaaS scenario, the files of the virtual machines and the temporary data are
also to be encrypted.

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References
Aureli, L., Pierfranceschi, A. and Wache, H., 2012, June. Enterprise architectures for cloud
computing. In 2012 IEEE Fifth International Conference on Cloud Computing (pp. 979-980).
IEEE.
Cameron, B.H., 2014. The Need for Enterprise Architecture for Enterprise-Wide Big
Data. ISJLP, 10, p.827.
Chorafas, D.N., 2016. Enterprise architecture and new generation information systems. CRC
Press.
Giachetti, R.E., 2016. Design of enterprise systems: Theory, architecture, and methods. CRC
Press.
Hinkelmann, K., Gerber, A., Karagiannis, D., Thoenssen, B., Van der Merwe, A. and Woitsch,
R., 2016. A new paradigm for the continuous alignment of business and IT: Combining
enterprise architecture modelling and enterprise ontology. Computers in Industry, 79, pp.77-86.
Kasemsap, K., 2018. The role of information system within enterprise architecture and their
impact on business performance. In Global Business Expansion: Concepts, Methodologies,
Tools, and Applications (pp. 1078-1102). IGI Global.
Kistasamy, C., Van Der Merwe, A. and De La Harpe, A., 2010, October. The relationship
between service oriented architecture and enterprise architecture. In 2010 14th IEEE
International Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Conference Workshops (pp. 129-137).
IEEE.