Entrepreneurial Ventures & Exploration of Business Mindset Report

This report, prepared for a Higher National Certificate/Diploma in Business program, delves into the multifaceted world of entrepreneurship and small business management. It begins by examining different types of entrepreneurial ventures, including private, corporate, public, and social enterprises, illustrating their relationship to the typology of entrepreneurship. The report then explores the similarities and differences between these ventures, providing real-world examples such as Café Coffee Day, Hero MotoCorp, Bank of India, and Mann Deshi Mahila Sahakari Bank Ltd. It assesses the impact of micro and small businesses on the economy using relevant data and statistics, while also explaining the importance of small businesses and start-ups to the growth of the social economy. Furthermore, the report identifies the key characteristics, traits, and skills of successful entrepreneurs, differentiating them from other business managers. It also assesses how aspects of the entrepreneurial personality reflect entrepreneurial motivation and mindset. Finally, the report examines how background and experience can either hinder or foster entrepreneurship, supported by specific examples, and concludes with a summary of the key findings.

Higher National Certificate/Diploma in Business
Assignment Brief
Student name/ ID Number Ritik Garodia
Unit Number and Title 9 Entrepreneurship and Small Business Management
Academic Year 2018-19
Unit Tutor Ms. Meher Patel
Assignment title Entrepreneurial Ventures & Exploration of the
Entrepreneurial Mindset
Issue Date 04/04/19
Submission Date 10/07/19
IV Name & Date Ms. Shreya Kanjariya – 15/07/19
Submission Format:
Task 1( LO1, LO2,LO3 & LO4)
The submission in the form of an individual written report to small businesses. You are required
to make use of headings, paragraphs, subsections and illustrations as appropriate and all work
must be supported with research and referenced using the Harvard referencing system. Please
also provide a bibliography using the Harvard referencing system. The recommended word limit
is 6,500–7,000 words, although you will not be penalized for exceeding the total word limit.
Unit Learning Outcomes:
LO1 Explore and illustrate the range of venture types that might be considered entrepreneurial.
LO2 Assess the impact of small businesses on the economy.
LO3 Determine and assess the key aspects of an entrepreneurial mindset.
LO4 Examine the different environments that foster or hinder entrepreneurship.
Assignment Brief and Guidance:
Task 1 (LO1 & LO2)
You currently work for a consultancy firm that provides advice and market intelligence to small
businesses and entrepreneurs. You have been asked to choose one example of each type of
entrepreneurship which should be a local business. As a part of creating report, you have been
tasked for following:
1

1. Examine different types of entrepreneurial ventures and how they are related to the
typology of entrepreneurship.
2. Explore the similarities and differences between entrepreneurial ventures.
3. Assess and interpret relevant data and statistics to illustrate how micro and small
businesses impact on the economy.
4. Explain the importance of small businesses and business start-ups to the growth of the
social economy.
5. Determine the characteristics traits and skills of successful entrepreneurs that differentiate
them from other business managers.
6. Assess how aspects of the entrepreneurial personally reflect entrepreneurial motivation
and Shared mindset.
7. Examine, using relevant examples, how background and experience can hinder or foster
entrepreneurship.
Grading Criteria
Learning Outcome Pass Merit Distinction
LO1 Explore and
illustrate the range of
venture types that
might be considered
entrepreneurial.
P1 Examine different
types of
entrepreneurial
ventures and explain
how they relate to the
typology of
entrepreneurship.
P2 Explore the
similarities and
differences between
entrepreneurial
ventures.
M1 Investigate a
diverse range of
entrepreneurial
ventures to
demonstrate an
understanding of
entrepreneurship in
both the public and
corporate sector.
D1 Critically examine
the scope,
development and
growth of
entrepreneurial
ventures.
LO2 Assess the
impact of small
businesses on the
economy.
P3 Interpret and
assess relevant data
and statistics to
illustrate how micro
and small businesses
impact on the
economy.
M2 Evaluate the
differences that small,
medium and large
businesses make to
the economy,
applying relevant data
and statistics.
D2 Critically examine
how small businesses
have an impact on
different levels of the
economy in a local,
regional, national and
international context.
2

P4 Explain the
importance of small
businesses and
business start-ups to
the growth of the
social economy.
LO3 Determine and
assess the key aspects
of an entrepreneurial
mindset.
P5 Determine the
characteristics traits
and skills of
successful
entrepreneurs that
differentiate them
from other business
managers.
P6 Assess how
aspects of the
entrepreneurial
personally reflect
entrepreneurial
motivation and
mindset.
M3 Explore and
examine different
lines of argument
relating to
entrepreneurial
characteristics.
D3 Analyze the
characteristics traits,
skills and
motivational drivers
of successful
entrepreneurs,
supported by specific
examples.
LO4 Examine the
different
environments that
foster or hinder
entrepreneurship.
P7 Examine, using
relevant examples,
how background and
experience can hinder
or foster
entrepreneurship.
M4 Analyze the link
between
entrepreneurial
characteristics and the
influence of personal
background and
experience to specific
successful
entrepreneurs.
D4 Critically evaluate
how background and
experience influences
entrepreneurs, both
positively and
negatively, by
comparing and
contrasting examples.
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Higher Nationals RQF
STUDENT ASSESSMENT SUBMISSION AND DECLARATION
When submitting evidence for assessment, each student must sign a declaration confirming that the work is
their own.
Student name: Ritik Garodia Assessor name: Ms. Meher Patel
Issue date:
4th April 2019
Submission date:
10th July 2019
Submitted on:
10th July 2019
Programme:
Pearson BTEC HNC in Business level 4 - RQF
Unit:
Unit 9: Entrepreneurship and Small Business Management
Assignment number and title:
Entrepreneurial Ventures & Exploration of the Entrepreneurial Mindset
Plagiarism
Plagiarism is a particular form of cheating. Plagiarism must be avoided at all costs and students who break
the rules, however innocently, may be penalised. It is your responsibility to ensure that you understand
correct referencing practices. As a university level student, you are expected to use appropriate references
throughout and keep carefully detailed notes of all your sources of materials for material you have used in
your work, including any material downloaded from the Internet. Please consult the relevant unit lecturer or
your course tutor if you need any further advice.
Student Declaration
Student declaration
I certify that the assignment submission is entirely my own work and I fully understand the
consequences of plagiarism. I understand that making a false declaration is a form of
malpractice.
Student signature: Date:
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Index:
Sr.
No.
Table of contents Page No.
1. Executive Summary. 6
2. Introduction. 7-10
3. Examine different types of entrepreneurial ventures and explain how they relate to the
typology of entrepreneurship.
11-21
4. Explore the similarities and differences between entrepreneurial ventures. 22-32
5. Interpret and assess relevant data and statistics to illustrate how micro and small
businesses impact on the economy.
33-46
6. Explain the importance of small businesses and business start-ups to the growth of the
social economy.
47-50
7. Determine the characteristics traits and skills of successful entrepreneurs that
differentiate them from other business managers.
51-60
8. Assess how aspects of the entrepreneurial personally reflect entrepreneurial
motivational mindset.
61-64
9. Examine, using relevant examples, how background and experience can hinder or
foster entrepreneurship.
65-77
10. Authors conclusion. 78
11. References/Bibliography. 79
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Executive Summary:
This report consists of different types of entrepreneurial ventures and explains how they relate to the typology
of entrepreneurship. It also explains how similarities and differences between entrepreneurial ventures. The
report contains various similarities and differences between entrepreneurial ventures and how it differentiates
them from each other. The relevant data and statistics has been illustrated how micro and small businesses have
an impact on the economy. The report determines the characteristics traits and skills of successful entrepreneurs
that differentiate them from other business managers in the same line of business. The report contains
assessment how aspects of the entrepreneurial personally reflect entrepreneurial motivational mindset. The
report contains examined results how, using relevant examples, how background and experience can hinder or
foster entrepreneurship.
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Introduction to organizations:
1. Private Entrepreneurship- Café Coffee Day. It is an Indian café chain owned by Coffee Day Global
Limited, which is a subsidiary of Coffee Day Enterprise Limited. Coffee Day serves around 1.8 billion cups
of coffee/annum across 6 nations which include, India, Malaysia, Austria(Vienna), Czech Republic, Egypt
and Nepal. In June 2010, CCD acquired Café Emporio, which was a café chain from the Czech Republic.
Café Emporio has 11 branches in Czech Republic of which 7 of them are in Prague, 1 each in Brno and
Olomouc and 2 at Freeport-Hate. Café Coffee Day is the largest coffee beans(Arabica) producer and
exporter of Asia the company grows its coffee beans on its own estate which is spread across a massive
20000 acre of agricultural land owned by C.C.D. Global Ltd. it exports to major countries such as USA,
Europe, and Japan etc.
The company was founded by Mr. V.G. Siddhartha (Chairman) in 1996. Currently the company is spread
across more than 1800+ locations around the globe and is an annual revenue of rupees 1.3 billion(US$ 190
million) and has an employee’s strength of more than 5000 globally. The company has its headquarters in
Bengaluru in the state of Karnataka, India. C.C.D. is also a producer of coffee machines, snacks, articles like
coffee mugs, thermos, bottles, cups, beverages excluding team and coffee, and etc.
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2. Corporate Entrepreneurship- Hero MotoCorp Ltd. It is a two wheeler manufacturer based in India
which is also the largesse two wheeler producer in the entire world, the company is headquartered in New
Delhi, India. The company was founded by Brijmohan Lal Munjal on 19 January, 1984. The company was
formerly known as “Hero Honda” due to the joint venture between the Honda auto and Hero MotoCorp
which was later split back to Hero after Honda exited the joint venture and Hero became a sole entity again.
The company has 5 manufacturing plants in India, Dharuhera, Gurgaon, Haridwar and Halol the total
capacity of these plants together to produce the motorcycles is 7.6million+ two wheelers/annum.
The company has 8000+ fixed employees and 14000+ temporary employees. The company has a massive
market share of 46% in the two wheeler industry in India. The exports of the company are in nations such as
Latin America, Africa, West Asia, etc. The company strives to produce fuel efficient and economic
motorcycles which will help the daily commuters who use two wheelers to reach work and back home and
move around in the city so that it doesn’t hurt the common man’s pocket and be a fuel efficient motorcycle.
Their tag line for their motorcycles is ‘Fill it - Shut it - Forget it.’
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3. Public Entrepreneurship- Bank Of India. It is a public sector commercial bank that ranks in the top 5
banks of India and is headquartered in Mumbai, India. The bank was founded in 1906, and back then it was
under the ownership of private individuals who were a group of eminent businessmen which included
Ratanjee Dadabhoy Tata, Gordhandas Khattau, Lalubhai Samaldas, J. Cowasjee Jehangir, Sir Fedrick Leigh
Croft, David Sassoon and the bank was under private ownership till July 1969 when it was nationalized by
the Indian government. Currently the bank has a revenue of Rupees 41,796.47 crores (US$ 6.0 billion) and
employees 48680 people. The bank offers various commercial banking products, retail banking, asset
management, mortgage loans and credit cards.
The CEO and MD of the bank is Dinbandhu Mohapatra and G. Padmanabhan (Chairman Non-Exe). The
bank has over 5100 branches across India and has a global presence in more than 15 nations across the
globe either on its own name or its subsidiary banks in the local markets. The bank is listed on the Indian
stock exchanges (BSE/NSE). The main purpose to start the bank was to provide banking services to
different communities in India back in 1906 when there were only European owned banks that served the
interests of various European Merchant Houses or various community owned banks that served the banking
requirements of their own members of the community, at such a period of time a need for a bank that serves
to the entire population of India irrespective of their caste, culture, race, community, creed, color language
etc. due to the rest of the population being unserved or being mistreated by those banks. To solve this issue
faced millions of Indians the founders of B.O.I. came together to create a bank that is for all and is made to
serve everyone without discriminating between any person based upon their way of life or personal beliefs.
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4. Social Entrepreneurship- Mann Deshi Mahila Sahakari Bank Ltd. It is a bank started by a group of
women who come from a very poor financial background and had a dream to open their own bank to uplift
the micro women entrepreneurs of India because the founder Mrs. Chetna Sinha once was approached by a
lady who was a welder and used to earn small amount of money every day but when she decided to save her
money in a safe and secure place like a bank she was rejected by several banks to open her savings account
in those banks that’s when the idea of opening a bank for such micro entrepreneur women of India Mrs.
Chetna Sinha at that moment decided to set up a bank that would help such women who want to do
something in their life but are not receiving proper aids from the society and financial institutions, that time
1335 women pooled their savings together that summed up to (7.8 lakhs INR) to set up their first bank that
was for the rural women and by the rural women.
The bank is still member driven and member owned. Currently the bank has given more than 500 crores
INR in loans and has a recovery rate of a healthy 96% which truly justify the intent of starting the bank that
was to empower the women entrepreneurs who were lacking in terms of financial services and was a major
hinderance in their carrier. Currently the bank has more than 2,00,000+ active account holders and a total of
INR 97 crore in deposited amount, 8 total number of branches, INR 111+ crores of working capital, 26000+
employees. The bank has its headquarters in Satara district of Maharashtra, India. The bank offers various
services like fixed deposits that fetch higher returns on longer maturity dates, easy loans without
collateral/mortgage; they only require a group of 4-5 women who are ready to work together and needs
capital to run their business, locker services at a subsidized rates to store valuables like gold, important
documents, etc. The bank gives loan on very minimal interest rates which helps to define the true purpose
of starting the bank that was to uplift the rural women and empower them, the interests are realistic and
repayable by conducting day to day business by the women and satisfy the needs of their business. The bank
offers door to door service where in terms of collecting repayments of loans, handing out loans to small
groups of women entrepreneurs. The bank also supports the women beyond loans, deposits and accounts,
they go a step further by helping the women individually to make their businesses more successful and
giving advice for growth and expansion.
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The author has explained different types of entrepreneurship ventures and has related how they are
related to the typology of the entrepreneurship:
Entrepreneurship:
Definition: The capacity and willingness to develop, organize and manage a business venture along with any of
its risks in order to make a profit.
The activity of making money by starting or running businesses, especially when this involves taking financial
risks; the ability to do this. (Oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com, n.d.)
Meaning: Entrepreneurship is often referred to starting an business with the help of land, labor, capital and
resources to run a business that can produce profits. The person who begins the business, manages and
organizes and takes risks for the business is known as an entrepreneur. Successful entrepreneurs often possess
traits like innovation and risk taking in order to stay ahead in a market full of competition and change occurring
ever so frequently in the global market, this helps the entrepreneurs of such kind to succeed in their carrier and
make lucrative profits as a rewards for taking risks. (BusinessDictionary.com, n.d.)
Public entrepreneur: Public entrepreneur refers to an idea whose time has come. Public entrepreneurs work
within a government unlike social entrepreneurs who work outside the government. Public entrepreneurs play a
role of a public servant and an entrepreneur as well. They play an role of entrepreneur because the they perform
activities like building relationships with other business and people, working cross sector lines, failing
sometimes, coming up with creative ideas for the business. The organizations falling under public entrepreneur
are owned more than 50% by the state/national government of a country and has complete authority on the
operations and functions of the enterprise. The major objective of such enterprise is to provide welfare to the
society and get a low return on capital invested and it often operates at a large scale to the power of capital and
ability to take more risks. It also employees a large number of people to provide job opportunities and grow at a
higher pace and wider area. Public entrepreneurship helps to boost the economy and raise the standard of living
of the people of a nation. All the revenue generated by these enterprises goes directly to the respected state and
the central government and the numbers are often large due to the scale of operations.
(Centre for Public Impact (CPI), n.d.)
Bank of India is an public entrepreneurship enterprise as it is owned by the Govt. of India with a majority of
shareholding of 87.0535% which make it a public enterprise by default and make it run under the control of the
central government of India. The primary objective of the bank is to provide banking services to the people at a
very affordable rates so each and every citizen can avail banking services with ease and consume the benefits of
being a customer of the bank. The bank is listed in the National Stock Exchange of India (NSE) as being a part
of a public sector enterprise and listing its shares for the general public to become shareholders. The bank has a
massive revenue of INR 41,769.47 crores(US$6 billion) and total assets of 609,913.93 crores (US$88 billion).
The bank employees 48680 people and has over 5100 branches across India and various subsidiaries across the
globe in various locations. The bank was founded by a famous pioneer entrepreneur/businessmen Mr. Ratanji
Dadabhoy Tata with other eminent group of businessmen and was originally named “Imperial Bank of India.”

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Typology of public entrepreneurship (Bank of India): (Senevirathne, n.d.)
Joint Entrepreneur: When private and government ownership is jointly involved in any enterprises or
businesses, it is known as joint entrepreneur enterprise. Joint entrepreneur consist of mixed ownership of
private and government ownership, it also provides investment for entrepreneurs of the private sector, but the
main role is of the government, it means that the government makes an investment, jointly with private
entrepreneurs and general public in certain enterprises.
Bank of India is a joint entrepreneur enterprise because the bank’s shares are listed on the national stock
exchange of India and is available for the general public to buy the shares and become the part owners of the
bank. The bank is owned 86.05% by the government of India and the rest is owned by the general public also
the bank itself was founded by private individuals and later in 1969 the bank was nationalized by the Indian
government which makes it a perfect example of joint entrepreneur enterprise.
Cooperative entrepreneur: When many people collectively establish enterprise, bear risk and implement
innovations on cooperative basis is known as cooperative entrepreneur. The main objective of this entrepreneur
organization is to provide mutual welfare among the citizens and encourage the spirit of getting self-
independent.
Bank of India is an perfect example of a cooperative entrepreneur because the main purpose to set up the bank
back in 1906 was to serve the communities and people who were not provided banking services and were left
out due to discrimination done by the European banks who only rendered their services to the European
merchants and few community banks which served only their own people of their community which created a
huge problem as there was a need of a bank in India which could provide basic banking services to the common
people at an affordable rate so that they could run their businesses properly and use the banking services to
social upliftment, considering this fact Mr. Ratanji Dadabhoy Tata and other businessmen came up with an
innovative idea of starting a bank that is for the people and by the people and will provide all the banking
services at a very affordable rate to the general public without discriminating the people by their caste, creed,
religion, social status(wealth), color, language, culture, beliefs, etc. This made the bank so popular during those
time due to the fact that it had benefited millions of people during that time who were left unserved and
mistreated by other banks. Bank of India was the first Indian bank that was started completely by Indians
during that period and was one of a kind due to the fact that it had made large amount of welfare amongst the
society and uplifting the society.
Large entrepreneur: Large entrepreneur is an enterprise that operates at a very large scale in terms of area of
operations, huge number of employees, massive revenue, huge capital invested employees more number of
professionals like specially skilled managers and leaders and has a very tall organizational structure. These sort
of organizations tend to have huge risk taking capacity due to the amount of capital and professionals involved
in the working of the organization.

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Bank of India is a large entrepreneur because it has a very tall organizational structure and a long chain of
command and many levels of management involved in its operations, Bank of India has a huge capital invested
in it and has a net asset value of US$88 billion and a also the bank has a great presence nationwide and
internationally as well. Bank of India has huge risk taking power and is backed by the government of India if
anything goes wrong, also it enjoys the legal immunity as it can’t be sued by any ordinary citizen and one needs
to obtain permission from the government to do so requiring extreme legal formalities making it practically
untouchable. Bank of India is a employer of more than 48680 people across its branches and is under the top 5
largest public sector banks of India as listed by the Reserve Bank of India all of the above makes Bank of India
a large entrepreneur enterprise.
Public sector is divided into 3 types they are as follows:
1. Departmental undertakings: These are the oldest form of public sector enterprise. The departmental
undertaking is considered as one of the departments of the government. It has no separate legal existence than
the government itself. It functions under the overall control of one ministry or department of the government.
Some examples of departmental undertakings include railways, post and telegraph, broadcasting, telephone
services etc. These operate under a single ministry of a state or central government, they are themselves a part
of the government and the revenue generated by them is deposited in the treasury of the government. The major
source of their finance is from the annual budgets of the government. These type of undertakings help to
increase the revenue of the government.
2. Statutory corporations: It is a body of corporate formed by a special act of parliament or by the central or
state legislature. It is fully financed by the state or the central government. The powers, limitations, objects are
also decided by the act of the legislature. The examples of public/statutory corporations include Air India, Life
insurance corporation of India, ONGC Oil and Natural Gas Corporation, etc. These type of organizations are
created by the act of parliament or central or state government. These corporations are under control of the
respected governments and no private sector involvement is present in it. All the activities of the statutory
corporations are discussed in the parliament to ensure protection of public interest.
3. Government company: These are the companies in which at lease 51% of the paid-up share capital is owned
by the central or state government wholly by both or partly summing up to 51% or more this is called a
government company. These companies are governed and ruled by the provisions made in the Companies Act
of 2013 which is an amendment made to the Companies Act of 1956. In case of banking company the
regulations are set as per the Reserve Bank of India in the Banking regulations Act of 1949. Examples of
government company includes Hindustan machine tools, state trading corporation, steel authority of India, Bank
of India, Bank of Baroda etc.
Bank of India is a government company as it was nationalized by the India government in 1969 from private
individuals and the government of India owns 87% shares of the company which makes them the owner of the
company and gives them complete authority to appoint the Board of Directors for the bank and control its
operations completely. Also the bank is under full control of the Reserve Bank of India and the central
government of India the bank is headquartered in Delhi and has listed its shares on the National Stock Exchange
of India for general public to purchase and become the shareholders of the company.

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Private Entrepreneur: When an individual or group of individuals start a business, take risks and implements
various innovations in the private sector is known as private entrepreneur. The primary objective of a private
entrepreneur is to earn maximum amount of profits and bring growth in himself and in the organization as well.
Successful private entrepreneurs possess some qualities like risk taking, innovation, deep knowledge about the
industry, good listeners/communicators, dedication, etc.
Café Coffee Day was founded by V.G. Siddhartha who is one of the successful entrepreneurs in India and is the
owner of the Brand Café Coffee Day which is an Indian café chain and was started by V.G. Siddhartha in 1996
in Bengaluru and he took a risk of opening a single café after his dad gave him 5 lakh rupees to start his own
business which later changed the beverage culture in India and made huge success Nationally and
internationally. The brand’s primary objective is to stay the largest exporter of coffee beans in India and make
maximum profits by expanding its café chain in more and more locations and making maximum number of
sales which will generate huge profits and revenue.
The brand aims to employee more number of employees as it will help to achieve the organizational objectives
with more efficiency and make the business more profitable and increase its scale of operations. The company
is a private entrepreneur as it is solely owned by the private individuals i.e. the majority owner Mr. V.G.
Siddhartha and the rest of the owners are the shareholders of the company who became the owners of the
business by buying its shares listed on the stock exchange. The brand is a private entrepreneurship enterprise as
it is registered as a Private Limited Company that is owned by private individuals and has no involvement of
any government in its ownership which makes it a perfect example of a private entrepreneur enterprise.
Typology of private entrepreneur:
Agricultural entrepreneur: The entrepreneurs who undertake various agricultural activities like cultivation,
marketing of the agricultural produce, irrigation, mechanization and use various technology for agricultural
activities is known as agricultural entrepreneur.
C.C.D. is an agricultural entrepreneur enterprise as it is involved majorly in agricultural activities which helps
the brand to be self-reliant in terms of sourcing their raw materials and produce finished products like coffee,
tea, snacks, etc. The brand covers an wide spectrum of agricultural activities like cultivation, marketing of
agriculture produce(C.C.D also sells organic Arabica coffee beans to the customers in various quantities
available in their café’s to purchase), they also market their agriculture produce by using various advertisements
online and offline and they also use various modern farming and irrigation techniques to grow the raw materials
for their business which makes this business also an agricultural entrepreneur enterprise.
Innovative entrepreneur: Innovative entrepreneurs are ones who introduce new goods, inaugurate new
method of production, discover new markets and reorganize the enterprise. These type of entrepreneurs work
only when certain level of development is already achieved, and people look forward to for change and
improvements in the current scenario. These type of entrepreneurs imply quick testing of innovations and make
efforts to give it a practical shape and attractive possibility to capitalize on the opportunity. These innovations
help in generating demand by presenting new commodity or improved variety of the commodity and entry into
new markets that are not saturated by those businesses.

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Café Coffee Day was started by its owner V.G. Siddhartha who got the innovative idea of opening a coffee
chain in India from a German café chain named Tchibo when he was talking to the brand’s (Tchibo) owner
about a business deal and got an idea of bringing coffee to the masses in India and change the beverage scenario
of India he then decided to export coffee in the year 1993 through his company named Amalgamated Bean
Coffee Trading Company, at that time he also purchased a coffee curing unit and soon his firm started growing
and in 2 years he became the owner of India’s biggest coffee exporting firm. But soon he realized that in order
to survive in such a highly competitive market he has to do something for his company to remain the top seller
of coffee beans and do that has not been done before in India he then decided to set up various stores of coffee
in Bengaluru and Chennai after he convinced the union government to end the monopoly over coffee which
took a time of around 2 years after successfully achieving what he wanted he changed the coffee trading
scenario in India after the union government decided to take out their monopoly over coffee.
Then in 1996 he set up the first Café Coffee Day, which wasn’t exactly a café but an Internet café with some
computers and back then computers with internet were considered as luxury adding to it he also sold coffee in
the same place which became a huge hit after more and more people started to walk in the C.C.D. store which
made him think about expanding gradually he opened some branches in more cities in India which gave a very
positive feedback from the customers.
The Indian customers were loving the taste of the beverages he then decided to start serving snacks with coffee
which were quite delicious, due to him being a Indian he knew what the local taste was and what snacks will be
sold very quickly he introduced various quick bites that could be consumed while people used the computers it
became a huge hit and later on people just started to come to enjoy the coffee and snacks with their friends,
families, and collogues to spend time in the café and not to use the computers later he decided to change his
business model and make it completely a restaurant style café and not a cyber café as it wasn’t doing that great
compared to the sales of coffee and snacks which resulted in a fruitful decision and after 2 decades, CCD has
more than 1500 outlets in countries such as Malaysia, Egypt, Austria, Czech Republic, apart from India and has
more than 5000 employees around the globe and is worth more than US$ 200 million this enterprise is a best
example of innovative entrepreneur enterprise as it has achieved great success and the style of applying this
innovative idea helped C.C.D to achieve great success and change the coffee culture by opening the first café
dedicated to coffee and snack in India making more and more people to adopt this culture.
Sole proprietorship: It is a business which is started by a single person known as a sole proprietor in order to
earn profits and expand his business. The sole proprietor raises the capital on his own and takes all the
risks/rewards related to the business. A sloe proprietor usually operates in a local or a regional market due to
lack of huge capital. Rolls on coals is an example of sole proprietorship firm which is fast food restaurant in
Bhayander west, Mumbai. It employees 5 people and operates in a local level.
Partnership company: It an type of an organization where 2 or more than two people known as partners get
together to form an organization and raise capital for the business as per their ownership ratio in the business in
order to make profits. Partnership firms are registered under the Indian partnership Act of 1932 which is a legal
agreement for establishing a partnership organization. Partnership organizations are capable of operating at a
larger level compared to sole proprietorship due to more capital and members in the organization with more
skills and knowledge and higher risk taking ability. Partnership organization allows many people to become
owners of a single business and make profits.

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Jain brothers financial solutions is an example of partnership firm which is registered under the partnership act
of 1932 it is an accountant firm and operates at a regional level in Mumbai and has 3 branches across the city
and the profits/losses are distributed amongst the partners as per their profit sharing ratio. The main goal is to
earn maximum amount of profits and expand in various cities across the state of Maharashtra. The company
employees 12-15 employees excluding the partners which makes it a perfect example of partnership
organization.
Private limited Companies: It is a type of an organization in which 2 or more people known as the Board of
Directors start a business firm to earn profits from the business and become owners of the organization by the
amount of shareholding in the business. The organization is registered under the Indian companies Act of 1956
later amended in 2013. Private limited companies have a separate legal status and is different from its
shareholders and operate at a larger level compared to sole proprietor/partnership firms usually. The company
isn’t affected by the any mis happening to its shareholders and has perpetual succession due to its separate legal
status as an artificial person as per the law and has power to sign on its behalf using a common seal.
Café Coffee Day is an private limited company and is owned by Mr. V.G. Siddhartha who is the owner and
chairman of the café chain and takes all the important decision for the company, the company is registered as a
private limited company under the Indian Companies Act of 1956. The company has general public as its
shareholders and has a global approach. The brand was started in 1996 by V.G. Siddhartha and the main
objective of the company is to earn maximum amount of profit and expand across the globe. Currently the
brand has a revenue of (US$630 million) and has more than 1500 outlets across the globe and employees more
than 5000 people and sells 1.8 billion cups of coffee annually.
Social Entrepreneur: Social entrepreneur is an person who uses various approaches to start an organization in
which they develop, fund and implement various innovative solutions to social, cultural or environmental
issues. These type of organizations may be different in sizes but the main objective of these organizations is not
to maximize profit but instead use the earnings to do welfare for the society and achieve the purpose of setting
up the organization, these organizations are known as social entrepreneurship enterprise.
(Managementstudyguide.com, n.d.)
Mann Deshi Mahila Bank is an example of social entrepreneurship enterprise as it was started by Mrs. Chetna
Sinha who is a social entrepreneur of India and has achieved many awards of being one of the best social
entrepreneur of India she is also the founder and chairman of Mann Deshi Mahila Bank which was the first co-
operative bank for women in rural India started in 1996, the main objective of the bank is to provide welfare to
the rural women of India by giving them small loans to start or run their micro businesses so that they can
become financially independent and confident about themselves by growing their businesses and be valued by
their families and community so that they can earn the respect they deserve and use their skills and ability to
make their livelihood and inspire other women to do something in their life to become more independent and
raise the living standards of women in India. The bank gives loan to the women without collateral and charges
very low interest rates to ensure more women can be helped with that money and not to earn profits from the
organization the bank also collects the interests for day to day functioning of the organization and help more
women of India who want to set up their micro businesses and become micro entrepreneurs.

18
This organization falls under the category of social entrepreneurship enterprise as its objective is to empower
the women in rural India and provide welfare to change the lifestyle of women in rural India so that they can
overcome their financial issues and make their living out of their skills and abilities, the bank helps women
who couldn’t get loans from other banks due to trust issues and lack of ability to provide collaterals due to
which they were mistreated and rejected by those financial institutions.
Typology of social enterprise:
Co-operative entrepreneur: Co-operative entrepreneurship is an organization which is formed when a group
of people collectively establish an organization, that bear risks and carry out innovations on cooperative basis,
it is called as cooperative entrepreneurship. The main objective of these entrepreneurship is to encourage the
spirit of self-independence and mutual welfare among the people of the society.
Mann Deshi Mahila Bank is also an co-operative entrepreneurship enterprise as the main purpose/objective of
establishing the bank was to solve the problem of women who were facing various difficulties to borrow funds
from financial institutions for their micro businesses and were mistreated and not entertained by those
organizations which created a huge problem for such women who were ready to work but didn’t get proper
support from the society leading to demotivation and failure of business in rural India and women
empowerment wasn’t possible due to that scenario and to bring the change in the society Mann Deshi Mahila
Bank was established by a group of women who belonged from the same class of society who were facing such
issues and wanted to end that problem and encourage women from rural India to empower them and raise the
spirit of self-independence and confidence in terms of their financial situation and create welfare among the
women of the society in rural India and provide welfare and guidance for such women by giving loans and
essential banking services at a very subsidized rates. All of the above factors makes Mann Deshi Mahila Bank
also a co-operative entrepreneur and also it was the first cooperative bank that was set up for women in rural
India.
Rural entrepreneur: When entrepreneurship is developed in small villages and towns, it is known as rural
entrepreneurship. Such type of entrepreneurship is has various advantages, like eradication of poverty from
villages, economic upliftment/development of villages and small towns, reducing crime rates, equal
distribution of wealth in an economy to bring more equality, and raise the standard of living in rural areas due
to increased per capita income giving opportunity for wider markets in that area.
Mann Deshi Mahila Bank is a rural entrepreneur as it was set up in a rural village of Maharashtra name Satara
where many women had micro businesses which were in trouble due to financial issue and needed a solution
i.e. a bank that could understand their problem and give solution to them, Mann Deshi Mahila Bank was started
by the women of that village who pooled their savings of INR 7.8 lakhs to start a bank that was by the rural
women and for the rural women of India and created a member driven bank that has active volunteers who
donate their time to grow the organization and get a fairly low salary just to support their families and the time
and effort given by them to the bank, the bank has its branches in various villages and rural areas in India
which include places like Mhaswad, Gondavale, Vaduj, Dahiwadi, Satara, Lonand, Dhayri, Kamothe. The
bank’s primary objective is to uplift the women of rural India and plans to spread in various other rural areas,
villages and small towns as the organization grows with time and more active members who are ready to take
this initiative. Overall the bank is by the rural women and for the rural women which makes it perfect to call
this bank a rural entrepreneur enterprise.

19
Challengers Entrepreneur: Challenger entrepreneurs are the people who plunge in the industry because of the
challenges it brings to them and when one challenge seems to get accomplished or over they look for new
challenges to work towards it and beat those challenges.
Mann Deshi Mahila Bank is established due to the difficulties faced by rural women to run their micro
businesses due to lack of organizations who could lend them funds to run their businesses and also some bank
that could provide them with essential banking facilities it was a major challenge for both the women from rural
areas and the founder of Mann Deshi Mahila Bank to solve this issue which made her more inclined to do
something for these women and took the challenge to open a bank that will solve their banking issues and after
successfully fulfilling the challenge of opening a cooperative bank the new challenge was to come up with
various ideas to open more branches of the bank to help more women of rural India which the bank is working
upon and has achieved great progress in terms of expanding in various cities. All the above factors make Mann
Deshi Mahila Bank a good example for calling it as a challenger entrepreneurship organization.
Corporate Entrepreneur/Enterprise: Corporate entrepreneur/entrepreneurship is an organization that has its
own separate legal status of an artificial person and has rights just like a normal person and has its own name
which describes the business activities the organization is involved in. The business is partly owned by the
general public who are the shareholders of the company by buying the shares listed on the National Stock
Exchange and sold publicly.
The company has various members including Chairman, Board of Directors, Managing directors, managers,
leaders, secretary and ground staff for day to day operations. The company holds annual general meeting with
its shareholders and members. In India these type of companies are registered under the Companies Act of 1956
and has to comply with all the regulations set by the registrar of the companies and SEBI that is the Securities
Exchange Board of India(if the company lists its shares on the stock exchange for trading). Corporate enterprise
has perpetual succession and has a infinite life span until the government/management decides to shut down the
business due to any crimes committed, insolvency in the business could be a reason for shut down or else in
normal circumstances the business can function as long as possible. The liabilities and assets are limited to the
business and has full ownership over it on its own name which distinguishes its shareholders from its owners.
Hero MotoCorp is a perfect example of a corporate enterprise as it is a public limited company and is fully
owned by private individuals and doesn’t have any government involvement in the management and ownership
of the business also the main objective of the business is to make maximum profits and build strong relations
with its stakeholders and people associated with the organization. The company was founded by an entrepreneur
name Brijmohan Lall Munjal and is currently the chairman of the company.
The company has listed its shares on the National Stock Exchange of India for general public to trade and gives
dividend to its shareholders on return of their investments. The company has raised its capital by issuing IPO’s
when it was started which made the company’s partly owned by the general public. The firm files all its taxes as
per the regulations of the Indian government. The brand has its own separate legal status and can sue any
organization or person in the court of law and has perpetual succession can sign on its behalf for taking any
decision. The firm is registered under the Indian Companies Act of 1956 and was incorporated in January, 1984
and produces motorcycles and bicycles under its name.

20
The brand has a huge revenue of US$ 4.6 billion and has assets worth US$ 53.08 billion making it the largest
motorcycle producer in the world by production volume. The brand had its tie up with Japanese moto company
Honda which was breached and separated in 2011 when the management had clashes with each other resulting
in separation and becoming competitors from partners.
Typology of Corporate entrepreneur:
Manufacturing entrepreneur: The manufacturing entrepreneurs manufacture products which they identify the
needs of the consumers/customers in the market and then explore the resources and technology to be used to
manufacture the products to satisfy the customers’ needs. In other words a manufacturing entrepreneur indulges
in the process of converting raw materials into finished products.
Hero MotoCorp Ltd. is involved in the manufacturing activities of producing bicycles and motorcycles and is
their only business which they specialize in the company is the largest producer of motorcycles and bicycles in
the entire world by production volume and the company uses various machineries to produce advance vehicles
and stays ahead of its competition.
The company specializes in producing motorcycles that are known for its reliability and affordability due to low
cost of maintenance and very good fuel economy this has been a primary motive for the company also as their
majority of customers are from middle to lower middle class for whom money is an important factor while
buying a motorcycle and its cost of maintenance after sales as they can’t afford super expensive vehicle because
they require it for day to day use which won’t hurt their pockets after extensively studying their customers’
demands and requirements the company is more focused to developed motorcycles which are more very
affordable in every way possible and is of superior quality as low cost doesn’t mean cheaper quality for the
company and quality is something which hero takes very seriously as their customers service is something
which the company strives for. Overall these factors make Hero MotoCorp a manufacturing entrepreneur
enterprise.
Technical entrepreneur: The entrepreneurs who establish and use science and technology in their enterprise
for creating innovative methods of production in their enterprises are known as technical entrepreneurs.
Hero MotoCorp is a technical entrepreneur as it develop new technologies time and again to manufacture their
vehicles to reduce the cost of production, increase the quality fulfilling the Kaizen, increasing the productivity
of the company as automation helps to increase the production seeing the rising demand in the market and
fulfill it successfully. Previously the company used more labor extensive method as India was a cheap labor
country but after the government implemented stricter labor laws the organization moved towards more
technological approach to reduce their cost of production and improve their quality and finishing levels as the
market became more competitive and more demand for higher quality products was present in the market and
the expectations of the customers were rising and the pricing needed to be more competitive adopting more
technology in the production helped to solve this issue and made the operations the company even better and
the research and development team constantly researches to create technologies that that will help the company
to price their products more aggressively in the market and help to gain more market share. This makes Hero
MotoCorp a good example for a technical entrepreneur as it is one of the few auto companies in India that has a
huge investments made in production technologies and are upgrading it as per the requirements.

21
The author has critically examined the scope, development and growth of entrepreneurial ventures:
Public Entrepreneurship (Bank of India):
Bank of India is an Banking company owned by the government of India and functions as per the guidelines of
Reserve Bank of India and follows banking regulations act of India. The organization has a great scope and has
various sources of finance to expand its operations as the bank has a full financial support by the Government
of India and can expand and develop its operations to grow in the market. As the bank is owned by the
government it lies tremendous amount of trust and goodwill compared to private banks which have a higher
risk of failing and not having any financial backup when going bankrupt. But in case of Bank of India the bank
is protected financially by the government of India and can be bailed out of situations such as bankruptcy,
insolvency, shut down or merge with other running bank to protect the interest of their customers and provide
welfare to the society by providing essential banking services to the citizens of India irrespective of their
financial position, caste, creed, color, type of occupation and etc.
The bank has major scope of development in its infrastructure and modernizing its technology to grow and
expand, as of now the mid aged and the youth prefers private banks even though they are expensive to maintain
the accounts but due to the prompt and modern services they provide youth and the mid aged people tend to
stay customers of these banks like HDFC, ICICI, Kotak Mahindra, Axis Bank an etc. This limits the reach of
Bank of India as they are losing a lot of customers due to their lagging decisions and slow services to take
necessary actions and change the situation of the Bank to attract more customers.
Bank of India has the financial power of the government of India and if it decides to upgrade its branches by
matching the ambience of private banks and install various technology for banking across their branches will
result in massive demand from the customers of private banks and soon the bank can grow more and increase
its number of branches to penetrate the market deeply and increase its reach and serve maximum amount of the
customers who were hesitating to become customers of Bank of India due to its traditional banking approach
which are not so efficient and prompt. Bank of India can grow internationally and open more foreign branches
if they use their huge revenue to upgrade their banking systems and give a cut throat competition to the foreign
banks and acquire market share of the foreign markets too. The banks slow decisions can be improved if the
government of India decides to make their banking services.
Private Entrepreneurship(Café Coffee Day):
Café Coffee Day is an start up organization and has a tremendous amount of scope in the Indian markets as
well as abroad because the brand has tremendous amount of scope to penetrate the cities in India and abroad
that it has not been able to set up their business as there lies a huge percentage of population that is ready to
pay for something innovative for example like Café Coffee Day who are the first café chain of India and
changed the café culture and gives people a completely a new experience of having their favorite beverages
hanging out with their friends and collogues and will give rise to various new chains of Café Coffee Day in and
will increase the current number of outlets that is 1500 at present. As food is one of the fastest growing
industry globally brands like CCD have a great opportunity to spread across various locations and maximize
their profits and grow as a brand and raise the scale of operations.

22
CCD can use various marketing techniques across the area of operations and use its large revenue and profits to
make them even more by spending on marketing and research and development activities which will make
them stand apart from their competitors and help the company to bring constant innovation which will make the
customers of the brand stick with the company as they have new options to try frequently and the need for
change is satisfied in the customers by their preferred café chain.
CCD can expand in new cities where new industries are developing and will create a demand for their products
as there will be more number of professionals who will be working in that region and the lifestyle of the people
in that area would be uplifted giving CCD an earlier opportunity to invest in such places and capitalize on that
opportunity and stay one step ahead of its competition. CCD having an advantage of having already a large
network of café they can introduce new business items like home appliances related to brewing coffee,
introduce advance filters and brewing machines in compact sizes so that people can easily carry their preferred
morning beverage in the small containers/bottles.
CCD can introduce various CSR activity drive of planting coffee beans on their own estate of agriculture land
of 20000acres and make the brand more popular amongst the nation as new ways of creating awareness like
these will help them to increase their customer base and raise the market share as the band has an opportunity to
convey their message to large number of customers personally with the help of such social gatherings for a
good cause. CCD can perform extensive market research to analyze what are the new kinds of beverages and
snacks preferred by the customers and introduce those food items and beverages in CCD’s own style of
preparation to give it a unique touch and distinguish it from other brands to attract more customers to try the
newly launched products thereby increasing the sales and revenue which could be used for improving the
economies of scale and source their products even cheaper and invest in things that offer higher returns.
Social Entrepreneurship (Mann Deshi Mahila Bank):
Mann Deshi Mahila Bank has a narrow scope of development as the profit generated by the business is
reinvested back in the business and do welfare for the society and retain a very less amount for day to day
operations which makes them sort of restricting to growth still the bank is present in various locations and for a
shot time being the bank can retain a little more profits from the organization and collect funds from various
sources like in terms of donations, going in charity events for meeting new investors and social activists to
gather funds for growth. Mann Deshi Mahila Bank’s founder Mr. Chetna Sinha has various contacts in various
NGO’s that support activities related to empowering and uplifting women from the rural India and gather funds
for such activities and acquire funds for growth and expansion.
Mann Deshi Mahila Bank has an opportunity to contact the government to support their operations and raise
funds from the government as the organization’s motive is to create welfare amongst the people of India and the
bank has the same intention as of the government which makes the job of the government easier as more
individually are stepping up to share the responsibility towards the society and makes the job of the government
much more smoother and reachable to individuals more effectively. The bank can go to existing villages where
the bank already has their branches and explain the local villagers(Women )about the features of the bank and
the benefits/subsidized prices of banking services that are provided by Mann Deshi Mahila Bank to the rural
women over the private banks that charge way to high fees for each services.

23
The bank should place various camps inside the villages and try to visit individual house hold to explain about
the bank’s services and products in their local language to make them understand the bank’s features and help
them open an account to uplift the lifestyle of the rural women entrepreneurs. The bank should expand look for
larger version of the similar type of organization to reach as many people as possible with the help of larger
scale of operations by larger organizations who have similar motive of helping the rural women.
Corporate Entrepreneurship (Hero MotoCorp): Hero MotoCorp is a large organization which is involved
in producing motorbikes and scooters to sell them in the market and achieve maximum customer satisfaction
to make profits and increase their revenue. The scope for Hero MotoCorp is very wide and is backed with the
financial ability to fulfill the scope to make the company’s scale of operations even bigger. Due to large
number of workforce and professionals working under Hero MotoCorp the company can take various
decisions to grow and expand without worrying about the success as the professionals working will conduct in
depth market analysis and study the demand for their products in various regions and at what levels they are
fulfilled and what is the scope if Hero set ups dealerships and manufacturing plants in that area so that the
organization can make its operations more profitable.
Hero MotoCorp has a very good goodwill in the market and can easily take loans and plan for expansion in
regions which are rapidly industrializing and will create a demand for their products in the near future. Setting
up their business in those areas before the competitors recognizes that opportunity and start their business
functions before every competitor will allow Hero to create a competitive advantage and stay one step ahead of
its competition and create competitiveness at a higher level. Hero has high business opportunity as their
products are demanded and created for each segment of the society and has great potential to sell their
products as per the locations the business is set up and reduce the cost of operations by stocking only the
demanded model and make their operations much more profitable and reduce the cost of operation as only the
most required models will be manufactured and no wastage of money will be done on unprofitable activities.
The company has great scope to develop various new motorbikes as the per capita income of the Indian
consumer and as well as the foreign buyers are rising and this gives an excellent opportunity to HERO to start
a completely new line of motorcycles dedicated to their premium customers. With the help of their existing
Research and Development Department, in terms of creating powerful sports bikes to compete with the
international rivals as there aren’t any actual rivals in the domestic market giving them a competitive
advantage and capitalize on that opportunity and cater a wider section of the society and increase their
customer base and increase the profitability as premium motorbikes gives the company to increase their profit
margins as its customers don’t have a mindset of saving cost and just want the best in class products and are
ready to pay for it.
The company can develop and grow by entering into various other businesses in the same industry like selling
riding gears and additional accessories for their premium bikes for additional costs that will allow the company
to earn higher margins of profits and the sales of such items will rise automatically as premium buyers will be
attracted to original accessories that are way to superior to the alternatives available in the market which
encourages them to buy these products with their purchase of the motorcycle.

The author has explained and analyzed the difference between various entrepreneurial ventures:
24

Similarities between various entrepreneurship ventures:
Public entrepreneurship.
(Bank of India)
Private entrepreneurship.
(Café Coffee Day)
Social entrepreneurship.
(Mann Deshi Mahila Bank)
Corporate entrepreneurship.
(Hero MotoCorp)
Motivation The motivation behind the
establishment of Bank of India
was to serve the Indian citizens
who were not treated well by
the existing banks in India
which were biased to serve their
own community members and
didn’t cared for the general
population. To solve this issue
Bank of India was started to
make sure each and every
citizen of India receives
essential banking services and is
not discriminated like other
banks that were present in the
Indian market before
independence of India. The
motivation behind the brand
helps the company to stay
focused and achieve its purpose
of establishment.
The motivation behind
starting Café Coffee Day
was to change the coffee
culture in India as there
were no proper café’s for
coffee present in India and
it was something
revolutionary when the
brand started its first café
outlet and became the first
café chain of India and
became a huge success.
The inspiration for starting
the brand was when the
owner of the Café Coffee
Day met the owner of
German’s leading coffee
chain brand and he loved
the business idea and
though about bringing it to
India that was a new
market and had great
potential seeing where its
economy was heading. The
motivation behind the
brand helps the company to
spread its business model
around the globe because it
gives them a true sense of
guidance and a path to
achieve the vision of the
The motivation behind
starting the bank for
empowering women was the
issues faced by the rural
women who wanted to get
basic banking services from
the banks but couldn’t get it
as they were mistreated and
bashed by those banking
firms due to being financially
challenged this made the
founder of the bank to start a
bank that will serve only the
rural women and help them
to become financially
independent and grow their
business making them valued
by their families and
community and creating
women empowerment.
The motivation behind starting the
brand was when the
founder/chairman of the brand Mr.
Brijmohan Lall Munjal was selling
bicycle parts to other
manufacturers and got an idea
about not he should start a bicycle
producing business and utilize the
source of his own part
manufacturing into a fully
developed business and later as
this business achieved success the
focus shifted to producing new
segment of two wheelers that were
motorbikes and had great potential
in the Indian market the founder
also got inspired by the Germans
on how they produce their
products when he was in Germany
to search for new machinery to
make motorcycles and he got
inspired from German people that
they never do an inferior job or an
incomplete job which motivated
him to start his company using the
best technology available in the
market. Motivation helps hero
MotoCorp to stay focused on their
quality of products and achieve
maximum customer satisfaction by
producing high quality vehicles at
25

founder of the company. an affordable price.
Accountabilit
y
The bank is accountable to the
government of India who is the
owner of the bank by default
and is accountable to function
as per the banking regulations
act of India and the guidelines
set by the Reserve Bank of
India which monitors and
controls the functions and
activities of each bank in India.
This helps the bank to stay
ethical, legal and serve the
purpose of setting up the bank
that was to fulfill the public
interest and provide basic
banking services at a subsidized
rates so every citizen of India
can have a banker and a bank
account.
Café Coffee Day is
accountable to the
government as it files its
taxes as per the guidelines
of the income tax
department of India, it is
accountable to the FSSAI
(Food Safety and Standards
Authority of India) to make
sure they sell their food
items legally and helps
them to create trust and
reputation of being a
superior brand from other
brands making more profits
and revenue by more sales.
C.C.D is accountable to its
customers as they are the
ones who are using their
services and products and
the business needs to serve
its customers only superior
quality products to stay
ethical and profitable for
long term.
Mann Deshi Mahila Bank is
accountable to the RBI and is
accountable to file their taxes
to the Indian Income Tax
department on the profits
made by them. This helps the
bank to stay legal and
operate in the market to
provide more welfare to the
people it is serving and gives
them a support from the
government in terms of legal
status and identity to run
their business.
Hero MotoCorp is accountable to
the Indian government to file their
taxes and the ISI, the environment
control authority of India for
complying with emission norms
and ensure the environment isn’t
harmed by their activities this
helps the company to run their
business without any legal hassle
and become more efficient in
terms of utilizing their resources
thereby increasing the efficiency
of the company. The company is
also accountable to its
shareholders and is answerable
about how their money is being
used in the company. This helps
the company to make the right use
of the funds provided by the
company and make the best use
out of it leading to optimum
utilization of resources.
Structure The organization uses a tall
hierarchical organizational
structure as it is a very large
organization and requires more
levels of management as it
requires more number of
employees in various
departments which are needed
to be monitored closely and
Café Coffee Day uses a
wider/flatter, matrix
organizational structure
because it helps the
company to practice
flexibility in their
operations and create more
productivity and save time
in terms of decision making
Mann Deshi Mahila Bank
uses a flatter an
organizational structure
which helps the bank to
fulfill its purpose of creating
welfare among the society
and help the financially
lagging women of rural area
using a flatter structure helps
Hero MotoCorp uses an
combination of network and
matrix organizational structure as
it is a very large organization and
needs various departments to
perform various functions and
various levels of management to
manage each department with
more precision for maximum
26

given instruction timely for
smooth operations this structure
helps the Bank of India to make
its operations very smooth and
achieve their objectives on
deadlines which make the bank
more efficient and increases the
revenue. If there would not be a
tall
due to shorter chain of
command and less time and
money spend on staffing
more people which would
raise the operations cost
unnecessarily. If this
structure wouldn’t be
present the company would
not have a proper reporting
system and would create
duplication of work and
have had wasted a lot of
time and created a big
chaos at work and hamper
the productivity of the
company which could have
resulted in shut down of the
brand to avoid such
situations and make proper
use of the resources of the
company the organization
uses a matrix and flatter
structure.
the chairmen of the bank to
get a direct feedback about
the activities of the bank and
make the decisions based
upon the response to achieve
the objective of helping as
many women as possible also
using a flatter structure helps
the bank to make
personalized interaction with
their customers and get one
to one feedback on their
services to help improve
better and create more
practical solutions for the
rural women based upon real
time feedbacks. This
wouldn’t have been possible
if the bank would wouldn’t
have followed any particular
structure and the main
purpose of setting up the
bank would not be fulfilled
and the members would not
be able to perform as per
their given duties due to lack
of proper communication
between the management and
the members.
efficiency and output. This helps
the company to stay focused in
achieving their vision and ensuring
the company stays live to its brand
values and be distinctly ahead of
its competition it also enables the
company to cross function saving a
lot of time resulting in more
efficiency and leaner time
management. Organizational
structure helps the company the
company to stay productive and
ahead of its competition without
which it would not have been
possible to utilize their resources
effectively and use effective
communication in the company
which would have led to many
loses and failure to the company
due to the communication gap and
lack of orders and assigning duties
and responsibilities to each
member failing to meet the
organizational objectives hence
organizational structure plays an
important role in Hero MotoCorp.
Risk taking
capacity.
Risk taking capacity of Bank of
India is very high as it is a
government owned company
and has a main objective to
serve the public interest so
profit making is secondary for
the company. It can take costly
decisions which could be
The risk taking capacity of
C.C.D. is moderate as it is
a private limited company
and is answerable to the
shareholders and owner of
the company if anything
goes wrong. Also the risks
taken by the company are
Risk taking capacity of Mann
Deshi Mahila Bank is high as
its main purpose is to create
welfare in the society and
uplift the rural women of
India which can only be done
by providing them with the
necessary financial help and
Risk taking ability of Hero Moto
Corp is fairly high as it is a large
corporation and has many
professionals employed to
calculate various risks and the
returns on risks which makes it a
high risk taking organization and
has made it a truly successful
27

betterment of the society but not
very profitable which also
means that it is eligible to get
government support if anything
goes wrong and the bank fails
the bank has its back from the
central government which will
bail it out from any bankruptcy
giving it more risk taking
capacity.
calculated and considered
that it won’t affect the
organization at large and
could be bared by the
company and recover from
it shortly.
the bank’s true focus is
welfare and not profit
making which is secondary
that to for helping more
women and bring change in
the society and not for
increasing profitability. Risk
taking helps the bank to stay
live to its vision and serve
the community as also it
helps them to help more and
more people without
worrying about the dark side
of taking that risk which has
proven to be helpful for the
organization and made it
successful.
organization as a rewards for
taking risks and building its
success. Any risk taken by Hero is
discussed with its top management
and shareholders as it is important
for them to know their funds are
going to be used and they are not
exploited by their company to
protect the interest of its
shareholders Hero takes calculated
risks and smart risks which has a
very high chance of rate of success
in the market.
Differences between various entrepreneurship ventures:
28

Public entrepreneur.
(Bank of India)
Private entrepreneur.
(Café Coffee Day)
Social entrepreneur.
(Mann Deshi Mahila
Bank)
Corporate entrepreneur.
(Hero MotoCorp)
Risk Bank of India being a
government company
does not have any risk of
failure as its finance is
Café Coffee Day faces
moderate to low risks as it is
a private company and has a
main objective of earning
Risk faced by Mann Deshi
Mahila Bank is fairly low as
they have a motive of
spreading welfare in the
Hero MotoCorp faces high
risks due to extreme
competition in the auto
industry and have very low
29

backed up by the
government of India and
there is strict controls of
RBI’s over each and
every bank’s activities
which prevents them to
invest in high very risk
markets due to the
consideration of safe
guarding the public
interest and building faith
towards government
companies which will
make people of the
country more attracted to
the government
enterprises in India as the
trust they have on the
government and no
worries about losing their
money invested in the
company.
maximum profits and needs
to conduct various research
and development activities
and take risks to get more
return on their investments
made which will help the
company grow and make its
share prices rise and bring
in more money for working
capital for growth and
expansion but at the same
time risk involved in the
business is moderate to low
which decreases the chances
of failure but does not
guarantee to prevent losses
and failures although many
financial experts in the
company are consulted
before taking any risks and
the owner of the company
finalizes the decision to take
risks seeing what’s best for
the company and mitigate
the risks and safeguard the
interests of the investors and
shareholders of the
company taking rational
risks and decisions.
society and help uplift the
women of rural India which
requires the organization to
help the women financially
ad get low return on their
investments not to earn
more profits instead reinvest
for more welfare activities,
this helps the company to
stay live to its vision and not
worry about risks as their
motto is to help people and
not make high profits which
its members understand and
realize so risk does not
affect the operations of
Mann Deshi Mahila Bank
and help it achieve their
organizational objective.
The bank also has a healthy
recovery rate of their loans
given which a 96%
repayment of loans on time
with low interest charged by
the bank which makes the
bank a low risk organization
and they don’t need more
funds for growth of the
company but for the growth
of the society.
profit margins on their
products as they need to set
competitive prices for their
products and invest heavily
in research and development
activities that don’t
guarantee in assured returns
as there is always a high
chances of failure of new
products in the market due to
reasons like not like by the
customers, better options
available by international
competitors not having
competitive pricing which al
leads to make Hero
MotoCorp a high risk facing
company as they need to
invest in higher risk markets
to get better returns for
keeping their
shareholder/investors
interest in the company alive
and stick with the
organization for long term.
Decision Making. Decision making process
in Bank Of India is very
slow due to a long chain
of command and
bureaucracy involved in
its rigid structure which
makes it miss on the
Decision making in Café
Coffee Day is fairly quick
and is done by its
management if the decisions
are about its day to day
operations and if a company
needs to take some vital
Decision making in Mann
Deshi Mahila Bank is done
by its CEO/Chairman Mrs.
Chetna Sinha and she often
takes decisions based upon
one to one interactions with
their customers and try to
Usually decision making is
usually done by higher
levels of management in
Hero MotoCorp as they have
a long chain of command
and a tall organizational
structure which increases the
30

opportunity that are
having a time constraint
and require quick
decision making to
capitalize on them also
being a bank. Also due to
being a government
company and a bank it
needs to seek permissions
from the government of
India to take crucial
decision as the CEO of
the company is a
government employee
and does not have the
same power as private
organizations CEO and
needs government
approvals for major
decisions to be taken
even if the opportunity
for the company is good
and is not approved by
the government it goes in
waste and affects the
growth of the company.
decisions that could impact
the company at large are
taken by the CEO/owner of
the Café Coffee Day who is
V.G. Siddhartha and takes
all the major decisions of
the company and help the
company to survive and
grow in such a competitive
market using his personal
experiences and strong
entrepreneurial skills to
take decisions that will
bring a positive change in
the entire company and
knows how to take decisions
when they require quick
response to needs to be
taken for capitalizing the
time based opportunity.
come up with best solutions
for betterment of the
organization and the society
by taking decisions bringing
mutual welfare and helps
the company to rise and
grow to help more women
in rural India and making
the economy better and
stronger. Decision making is
quick and immediate
responses are given to
problems that require
attention as the
organizational structure of
the bank is flexible and
wider which helps to create
more healthy interactions
with the staff and the
customers making the
organization stay true to is
purpose of establishing in
the economy.
time taken to take decisions
and react to a situation but it
is moderately quick as the
company is divided in
special departments and
situations requiring
decisions are taken care of
by the respected department
heads and only if the
management head can’t take
a decision and have
difficulties in something or
if the decisions require
special attention only then
the CEO/Chairman of Hero
MotoCorp decides what’s
best for the company and
gives command to his
employees to initiate the
decisions taken by him.
Innovations. Innovations in Bank of
India takes place in very
slowly as it is a
government owned
enterprise and don’t face
much challenges to
achieve huge targets like
private organizations
which makes innovations
Café Coffee Day has a good
amount of innovation in its
organization as each and
every employee working his
highly skilled and
knowledgeable in his field
of work which helps the
company to stand out in the
market and constantly
Innovation is an important
part of Mann Deshi Mahila
Bank as it helps the
organization to cater most
realistic and pragmatic
services to the society which
is actually required and has
a huge demand making the
organization employ more
Innovation is a very
important factor in Hero
MotoCorp as it is the factor
which helps the company to
make itself distinct from
other competitors and bring
in more customers due to
giving better and reliable
products in the market all of
31

a very small part of the
company and also the
company only innovates
when there is very strong
need to do so or it could
result in negative impact
to the company at large.
The bank focuses to
develop its existing
services and products
rather than bringing in
new innovations which
are not the primary
objective of the bank.
update their products and
services to keep the
customers loyal and
interested towards the
business and not shift their
brand loyalty due to
immense competition in the
café industry the
CEO/Chairman of CCD
himself is an innovative
entrepreneur and know
where the economy is
heading which helps him
bring innovations in the
market that will get huge
success and positive
response from their
customers.
people to serve the
community better by
coming up with various
innovative and creative
ideas for the betterment of
the society at large and
understanding the changing
needs as the economy grows
and the industries change
with time.
it is possible due to
innovations given special
attention in the organization.
Innovation helps the
company to survive and
grow in such a world where
technology is growing at an
alarming rate and each day
new products with new
features and technology are
launched in order to compete
with those brands innovation
helps Hero MotoCorp to
bring in a large number of
loyal customers who love to
buy their products due to the
way they innovate their
products and. Price very
aggressively to create
competitive advantage and
capitalize the opportunity
there by giving more market
share to the company and
innovation is the sole reason
why Hero MotoCorp is the
largest manufacturer of
motorbike by production
volume and great demand.
32

Scale of operations and
locations of business units
in a geographical area.
Bank of India operates at
a very large scale and a
geographical area across
India and various other
nation from its subsidiary
branches of banks The
bank has more than 5100
branches across the globe
and has presence in rural
as well as urban India and
has penetrated the
geographical market
deeply in India due to
large capital invested in
the company. The bank
has presence in almost
each city and majority of
rural areas of India giving
its customers great
accessibility to access the
bank from anywhere
nationwide.
CCD is a brand that focuses
on working population and
middle and upper middle
class customers in India and
across the globe due to
which the Brand is present
in India only in Tier 1 and
Tier 2 cities where its actual
target customers are and
they can serve them better
some cities in India include,
Mumbai, Bangalore,
Kolkata, Hyderabad, Jaipur,
Chandigarh, Etc. The brand
has its outlets in the global
markets which include
Czech Republic, Austria,
Malaysia, Egypt, Nepal etc.
The brand has penetrated
the target markets deeply
and has 1100 outlets just in
India across 241 cities.
Mann Deshi Mahila Bank
has its presence only in rural
India as it is the primary
market for the bank to
operate and provide its
services that are required
only in those regions the
bank is spread across
various rural regions of
India like, Satara, Mhaswad,
Gondavale, Vaduj,
Dahiwadi, Lonand, Dhayri,
Kamothe and some more
regions the bank is planning
to expand in.
Hero MotoCorp is present
across India through the
network distribution channel
of its dealerships owned by
various people nationwide
and internationally which
gives them a reach to the
entire nation without them
actually opening their outlets
on their own which would
take a lot of time and effort
to set up in India so the
brand took the smart
decision of giving out its
dealership to private
individuals and selling tier
vehicles through them and
giving them commissions
and charging royalty on the
vehicles sold by the
dealership
33

The author has critically evaluated the relevant data and statistics and has illustrate how small, medium
and large businesses impact on the economy, and how small business impacts each level of the economy,
Local, Regional, National & International: (Evoma, 2017) (Ibef.org, 2019) (Equitymaster.com, 2019)
(Statisticstimes.com, 2019) (Longdom.org, 2016)
Classification: SME (Small business:-Shree
Krishna Sweets. Medium
Business:-Kaya Clinic)
Large Business (Hero Moto Corp)
Number of SME’s and Large
Businesses in India.
There are 42.50 million, registered
and nonregistered SME’s across
India. This allows more businesses
huge growth in the sector as the
markets are deeply penetrated in the
economy and knows the local taste
and preferences which will give
boost to new start-ups and bring
innovation and development in the
economy as more people will do
their businesses and equal
distribution of wealth across the
nation will be growing. Shree
Krishna Sweets have more than 18
branches across the globe and is
growing constantly. Kaya clinic has
more than 100 branches across the
globe and is present across 26 cities
in India.
There are more than 500 large
companies in India and plays a major
role in the economy for its growth
and sustainability. Hero Moto Corp
ranks 48th on the Fortune 500
company of India and is one of the
largest corporations of India.
Type of Industry and Revenue
generated.(G.D.P.)
Shree Krishna sweets has a revenue
of INR 50 crores and is growing at
11% per annum. Kaya clinic has an
annual turnover of 245 crores. Both
the business give significant amount
of taxes to the government on their
income and helps the Indian
economy to grow at a higher rate and
develop better infrastructure provide
better services to the economy. Shree
Krishna falls under the category of
food and beverage industry of India
which contributes 10% to the
agriculture GDP of India and the
agriculture industry as a whole
contributes 12% of the entire GDP
which is a significant amount the
industry contributes to the nation.
Kaya clinic falls under FMCG sector
of India which is the 4th largest
sector that contributes to the entire
GDP with 20% total contribution.
Automotive Industry contributes
45% to the manufacturing sector of
India which is worth INR 50.43 lakhs
and contributes 29.73 % of the entire
GDP. This has made HERO
MotoCorp one of the largest
contributors to the Indian
manufacturing industry. As it falls
under the automotive industry which
is a part of manufacturing industry.
Auto motive sales are increasing in
India by up to 45% from the past 7
years and is currently 16million units
per annum for 2wheelers and Hero is
the largest manufacturer of
motorcycle in the entire world and
has a major contribution in the
manufacturing industry as it
produces 7.58 million units alone of
motorcycle which makes it the
largest motor bike producer of the
nation and is dominant in
34

The company helps the sector to
grow even more and the sector has a
growth rate of 27.9% per annum. It
also enables the Indian economy to
borrow more funds from the IMF as
the growth in its economy is heading
to success and to provide better
infrastructure and other services with
the ability to repay due to rising
revenue from SME’s will allow
India to foster its economic
development to boost its fast
growing economy.
contribution in its particular industry
and is crucial for the economy to
keep growing as a fall in this single
organization can make the economy
fall at a fair rate of downfall. Hero
MotoCorp has an annual revenue of
31480 crores INR and provides
significant contribution to the
economy by paying massive amount
of taxes which is 30% of the total net
income of the company.
Employment opportunity. SME’s employ more than 45% of the
total workforce of India that is
110+million workers and plays a
major role in creating employment in
the nation’s economy and building
equal distribution of Income and
develop the rural and developing
regions of India due to its wide
market presence.
50% of the workforce of India are
employed in India and contributes
the economy by providing
employment to more than
125+million people of India
including a large number of
professionals and labors. Hero
MotoCorp employees 18551
employees (2019) and have diverse
operations which requires more
professional from various industries
and background and creates job
diversity and equal distribution of
wealth in the national economy and
provides job opportunity to majority
type of professionals.
Products SME’s produce more than 6000
types of products in India. Shree
Krishna Makes more than 75 types
of sweets and 50+ types of snacks
which creates diversity in their
product range. Kaya clinic produces
more than 50+ types of health care
products.
Large corporations like Hero
MotoCorp produces more than 25
types of 2 wheelers and various other
auto parts.
Exports/FDI SME’s accounts for 40% of the total
Indian exports and is the second
largest exporting sector of India.
Kaya Clinic is owned 6.4% by the
foreign investors that bring in
foreign investment in the health
industry of India boosting the
economy. This helps in the growth
of the FMCG sector of India
Large sector industries accounts for
55% of the Indian exports.
Hero Exports 1.8 lakh units and
Mexico is the second largest market
for Hero in the entire globe after
India. The company is invested into
its manufacturing plant in EL Paso,
Mexico. Hero MotoCorp had 26% of
the shares owned by the largest 2
wheeler company of Japan Honda
Motors and was a joint venture until
2011 when they split back and
HERO brought back their shares.
35

Fixed Assets SME’s have fixed assets worth INR
1,471,912.92 crore and give a
massive boost to the real estate
industry and rises business of
infrastructure companies at large
levels resulting in massive revenue
collected by these businesses and
benefit the economy. Kaya Clinic
has invested more than 95 crores in
their fixed assets like plant and
machinery, land and building,
premises, furniture, equipment.
Shree Krishna sweets have invested
60 crores in their fixed assets across
the globe.
Hero has invested INR 17,641 crores
(US$ 2.6 billion) and have a net
income of US$ 500 million.
Growth Rate The beauty and health care industry
is growing extremely fast in India by
the rate of 15-20% annually. The
industry is expected to rise to 2.7
billion dollars US by 2020 itself.
Sweet and snacks industry is
growing at the rate of 13% per
annum and is worth US$1.5 Billion.
Kaya is growing at the rate of 8-9%
per annum as they are a medium
corporation the growth rate of the
industry has impacted positively and
has shown positively number in
growth by 2-3% per annum. Shree
Krishna Sweets is growing at the rate
of 11% percent and is rapidly
expanding its branches to increase
their customer base and market share
boosting the FMCG sector of India.
The two wheeler sales is growing by
8-10% per annum and has a total
sales of 201 million units in the
financial year 2018-19. Hero
MotoCorp is growing at the rate of
13.1% in terms of volume of sales
financial year 2018-19 INR 3697.36
crore in terms of net profits which
has a growth rate of 9.5% from
financial year 17-18.
36

37
MSME or Micro, Small, Medium Enterprise are organizations in which:-
Micro businesses are businesses which have an annual turnover less than INR 5 crore and has less than or equal
to 10 employees and have an investment in plant and machinery less then INR 10 lakhs if it is a service
industry and less than 25 Lakhs if it is a manufacturing industry.
Small business is a business firm which has less than 100 employees and if it is in to production of goods and if
the business is service based lees than 50 employees and if a business has an annual turnover between INR 5
crore to INR 75 Crore. The business should also invest more than INR 10 lakhs and less than INR 2Crore in
machinery and equipment if it is a service based industry and investment made in plant and machinery should
be more than 25 lakhs and less than INR 5 crore if the business is a manufacturing based industry to be
classified as small business in India.
Medium businesses are businesses in India that have an annual turnover of more than INR 75 crores but less
then INR 250 crores, it should have more than 50 employees and less than 250 employees. The business should
have an investment made in plant and machinery of more than INR 5 Crore but less than INR 10 crore if it is in
manufacturing sector and if the business is into service sector the investment made into plant and machinery
needs to be more then INR 2 crore rupees but should not exceed INR 5 crore to be classified as medium
business.
MSME’s in India have a very strong impact on the GDP of India from a very long period of time and has been
like a pillar for the Indian economy for the growth it has achieved by the economy and at what rate it is
growing that is 7.2% per annum MSME’s have a made huge contribution towards achieving such growth
figures as there are 65 million MSME units in the country that employ about 117 million people in various
sectors, which consist of 40% of the total workforce available in India and is a huge number when considered
and it can be analyzed that MSME’s are a crucial part of the Indian economy which gives it a significant boost
and the government needs to give special attention towards MSME’s for higher growth figures and
encouraging to start more MSME’s in the nation.
The government has made various attempts to increase the number of MSME’s in the country by setting up
various schemes like increasing the optimal reasons eligible loan limit for MSME’s from INR 25 lakhs to INR
50 Lakhs. Providing machineries on the basis of hire- purchase terms, offering special incentives for opening
enterprises in backward areas, and setting up agencies that will help the businesses to avail technical
consultancy and get financial assistance for the purpose of enhancing the technologies used in the businesses.
The government has also launched Credit Guarantee Schemes and ensures that the credit up to INR 50 lakhs
based on eligibility will be given for sure to the small and medium scale businesses which will help them to run
even better and new start-ups will be encouraged in the country as new businesses will get attracted due to less
hassles to raise capital which will in turn boost the GDP of the nation. MSME’s contribute 37% of the Gross
Domestic Product and is responsible for 43% of the total exports made from India across the world which is a
significant number considering the size of the businesses and the current resources available for the MSME’s
which aren’t the best but still they manage to contribute a huge percentage in the total GDP of the nation which
could increase if the government takes right measures to increase more MSME’s.

38

39
MSME’s are the second largest employment-generation sector in India by employing 37% of
the total workforce in India. MSME’s help the Indian economy by reducing unequal
distribution of wealth in the nation currently about 100-150 people owns around 50% of the
nation’s wealth which is very unfair and impractical as a lot of people are suffering due to lack
of money and to give employment to these people MSME’s employs about 117 million people
in various sectors, also the MSME’s proved to be very stable in the nation and had a NPA range
increase from 8% to 11% from the past 2 year when compared to large businesses which had a
NPA range increase from 7.9% to 16.9% in the past 2 years which has impacted the GDP
slightly. India is one of the fastest growing economy and has a growth rate of 7.2% in its GDP
and is expected to surpass the UK’s economy and GDP($3.1 trillion) by becoming a $3.4
Trillion economy by 2020 and the 5th largest economy in the world the current value of the
Indian GDP is $2.9 Trillion and MSME’s will play an crucial role in this to happen.
MSME’s that have an annual turnover of more than INR 20 Lakhs for service sector and more
than INR 40 lakhs need to register with the newly amended indirect tax system introduced by
the Indian government which is Goods and Service Tax replaces by previously applied VAT
Value Added Tax. GST is much more simpler form of tax which has made more small and
medium businesses cover under and has helped the GDP to rise due to increased tax collection
in form of indirect tax collection and the GST is divided in to equal parts out of which one part
goes to the central government and the another goes to the state government which makes tax
collection from MSME’s very simple and a total of 99.6% total number of returns filed in GST
are from MSME’s and amount to 45.6% total taxes paid in form of GST as per the reports and
have made MSME’s more organized as previously these businesses were a part of the
unorganized sector of the economy and the government didn’t had much control over them.
GST has made it easier and more stricter for small and medium businesses to become more
transparent in their accounting and reporting of financial statements and has led to more
collection of taxes which were previously evaded by small traders and now are liable to pay
under GST and are required to do clean business. The government of India has collected more
than INR 1 lakh crore in the form of GST which is a massive increase from the previous tax
system that was VAT and wasn’t that profitable or the government and had made the economy
of India very inefficient in terms of tax collection but GST has made it very easy for both the
business and the government to pay and receive taxes timely to avoid legal litigations. MSME’s
contribute 6.11% of the manufacturing GDP of India and 25% from the service activities as
well as 34% of India’s manufacturing output which is very important for the Indian economy to
grow at the expected speed and become the 5th largest economy from the 6th largest economy in
the world.
The MSME’s have maintained a consistent growth rate of 12%-14% per annum and about 20%
MSME’s are in rural India which has helped the Indian economy to develop the rural regions
and make them more competent and create equal distribution of wealth across the nation and
raise the standard of living which will lead to collection of more taxes from those areas as new
market places will be introduced with rising per capita income in the Indian economy and more
trade can be possible. MSME’s in rural areas give large scale employment and generate revenue
as well as solve the issue of unemployment as far as possible by creating jobs.

40
Innovations in the MSME’s in term of technology has given more job opportunities to the skilled youth and
people also it has made increase in trade of the country there by rising the GDP significantly and bringing in
more forex in India due to increased exports and making the economy stronger and much more advance that
will help India to achieve the expected figure of becoming a US$ 5.9 trillion economy and crossing the
economy of Japan which is currently the third largest economy in the world and only by innovations in the
MSME’s sector and rapid growth in it will make it happen as MSME’s contribute a major part in the India’s
Gross Domestic Product also it is expected that the Indian consumer market will increase from current $1.9
trillion(2019) to $3.6 Trillion by 2025.
This will allow the Indian government to collect more revenue from indirect taxes(G.S.T.) by 80% in 2025 as
the consumer market grows and more international population will bring in foreign exchange in India making
the Indian currency stronger due to more foreign reserves and less of its money will go outside India. Due to
innovation MSME’s in India are expected to become a US$25.8 billion market for emerging technologies by
2020 as more and more small and medium business are going online due to ecommerce penetrating the Indian
market rapidly and making its significance in order to stay updated in terms of doing business even small
businesses are adopting newer technologies to sell their goods and services in the market also these industries
will be demanding more technology as needed for production of raw materials and industrial goods. Innovation
in the Indian economy will ease the doing of business encouraging more FDI in the nation and more and more
start up rising also the communication with the customers will be seamless as they could contact the shop
owners directly and bring smoothness in transactions in MSME’s sector businesses all of the above factors
about MSME’s will boost and support the Indian economy to become the top 3 largest economies of the world
by 2025 as projected by the government. (livemint.com, 2019) (The Economic Times, 2019)
(Statisticstimes.com, 2019)

41
Small business like Shree Krishna Sweets is an sweet and snacks manufactures based in Coimbatore, Tamil
Nadu and was started in 1972 by N.K. Mahadeva Iyer who had great skills in making ghee based sweets which
were the top sellers of its time and still is. The brand started growing in South India as there were no good sweet
shops in Coimbatore and various regions of South India like Chennai, Bangalore, etc. Currently the brand has
60 retail outlets across India in 18 locations and 3 retail outlets internationally that is in UAE, Oman, Sri Lanka.
The company employs 90-95 people across the its outlet and has a revenue of INR 63 crores from global
sources and has made significant contributions to the Indian economy as the sweets and snacks industry in India
is worth more than US$1 Billion and produces 4 million tones of food every year.
The food industry has been growing around 16% from the past 3 years and the branded segment is growing at a
massive 25%, per annum which makes India the largest market for sweets and snacks around the globe and
businesses like Shree Krishna Sweets belong to the food and agriculture industry of India which contributes
15.87% of the total GDP of India and employs 50% of the workforce in India out of which small businesses like
Shree Krishna Sweets contributes in it by employing around 90 people in its business and giving them
employment opportunity. The business helps the to which solves the issue of unemployment in the economy and
by employing people across various locations in India ensures many local markets are full of employment and
gives rise to higher standard of living of people in the Indian economy and rises the number of more skilled
workers which is very essential in today’s world to survive.
Also using various machineries to produce the sweets and snacks which helps to bring innovation in the
innovation in the Indian economy that helps the economy by opening new markets for MSME’s like Shree
Krishna Sweets to modernize their businesses and use technology to increase the productivity and quality of
their products Shree Krishna Sweets has invested INR 2.3 Crore in its plant and machinery seeing the rising
global and domestic demand for their industry which has benefited the government by collecting more taxes
from the business in terms of GST and Income Tax, Excise duty on exports of food and much more the tax paid
by brand was increased which helped in contributing in the rising GDP of India.
The MSME’s are a US$ 25.8 billion market for adopting technology by 2020 which helps the Indian economy
by creating new market places for technologies and create ease of doing businesses as more entrepreneurs will
be encouraged to do small start-ups in various sectors there by making the economy stronger and more
powerful. Shree Krishna Sweets charges 5% GST on their products as it is set by the government of India to
collect 5% GST on all food selling industry which includes Restaurants, Sweets and snacks sellers etc. Shree
Krishna Sweets paid a GST of INR 4 crores to the Indian government which includes the state and central
government this has made a significant contribution in the total GST collected by the Indian government in
2018 was more than INR 1 lakh crore and small and medium enterprises like Shree Krishna Sweets add up to
43% of the total amount of GST collected by the Indian government.
Shree Krishna Sweets also helps to support the local municipal authorities by paying municipal taxes and
property taxes for running their business which helps to develop various localities where they are operating and
gives rise to the development in various localities and employ the people who are not hired by large
corporations due to education and help them to support their families and educating them which helps to rise the
literacy rate in the economy leading to better future and rise of larger corporations due to more startups in the
economy and creating a bigger market place.

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The sweet shop has made various investments in 3 countries of INR 12-15 crore and has a revenue of more than
INR 6-7 crores per annum from international outlets itself which brings foreign exchange in India and increases
the forex reserves making the Indian Rupee a stronger currency helping to rise the value of Indian economy and
making it a strong and self-reliant economy up to a certain extent. The brand also gives jobs to various Indian
residing abroad as it helps them to stay employed at a Indian business even after living outside the country
solving the unemployment problem of Indians internationally.
There are various impacts that Shree Krishna Sweets does at various levels of the economies which include
Local, Regional, National and International the following explains how:-
Local Economy: The sweet business does not require formal education and only needs skills to cook and handle
food hygienically, this is a major benefit that Shree Krishna Sweets(S.K.S) gives to the local economy as there
are many people in the local cities who are not employee by large corporates because they lack formal education
and are not eligible to get a job at these places and creates a problem of unemployment.
Shree Krishna sweets is a small business and does not require highly skilled employees and with high formal
education which gives the locals across various cities to get a job and earn for their families and to take care of
their necessities and provide them all the essential things like educating their children, uplifting the lifestyle of
people of those areas which gives benefit to other businesses as new opportunities are opened up due to the
rising levels of per capita and higher purchasing power which boosts the local economy as they pay local
municipal authority in terms of property taxes, fees for food license which needs to be renewed after every year
and makes a recurring income for the local municipal authority, this helps them to provide education to
underprivileged children of that area and make them literate which will give rise to professionals in near future
and give rise to professionals who can contribute the economy by raising the standards of living in that area and
pay more property taxes as basic necessities like home will be purchased by having an healthy credit score due
to secured jobs at good pay package which give boost to the real estate businesses an bring rise in the property
rates which will help to develop the local infrastructure and bring in more industries and corporates as growing
number of literate and graduates in the area which will attract more industries as they can set up their businesses
at a cost effective way as the market is very unsaturated with industries and the local authority will give benefits
to boost develop in it.
The firefighting and other rescue teams of the locality under the local municipal authority will have better
equipment and tools to ensure better safety of the citizens residing there making the area much more safer and
reliable. Also the police department will get a better infrastructure which will help the department to lower the
crime rate in the area attract more people to stay in there as safety will not be a concern in such places, This will
boost more investors investing in those localities as they will be assured they won’t lose their money due to
fraudulent activities done by the people in that areas as it will become much more safer and cleaner. As Shree
Krishna sweets is an food business it needs to stay unique from its competitors to stay competitive and it gives
opportunity to skilled and innovative workers constantly prepare new products and gives rise to innovative and
creative people in the economy which boosts the number of start-ups like café’s restaurants, hotels, around the
nation that will lead to rise in the GDP of India.
The negative effects of Shree Krishna Sweets and other small businesses on the economy are they are very prone
to shut down’s and bankruptcy as they have low working capital compared to larger corporations and depend
directly on the day to day income of the business to survive and don’t have large reserves to get support in
finance when contingency’s arise which forces them to shut or transfer the businesses to other people.

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This leads to loss of jobs, highly volatile businesses and lacking stability. The salaries given paid to the locals
are lower compared to if they would be employed at corporates, this slows down the growth in the local
economy and takes longer time to develop. As small business shuts down easily due to the owner not being that
specialized in finances and get fed up if he can’t repay the loans, he either sells the business for an extremely
low rate and goes away or shuts down the business. This makes the local economy suffer from losses as they
aren’t able to get revenue from such businesses for a long time.
Regional/State’s Economy:
Small businesses like Shree Krishna Sweets that has its operations in various cities the company is expanding
and growing quickly and creates job opportunities across various places and gives rise to the overall
development in the region. This helps the region/state to support its welfare activities in a wider area in its
boundaries as more revenue from businesses like Shree Krishna sweets and other small businesses are
generated and helps to increase the output levels of the state and attracts businesses from other states to invest
in the region which brings in better infrastructure.
Because of uniqueness in the products prepared by Shree Krishna Sweets the tourists from other states and
regions of India come to taste their sweets and snacks if they are close by from the shop this helps the regional
economy to boost its tourism and give new job opportunities. As the indirect tax paid by Shree Krishna Sweets
and other small businesses that charge 18% GST on each product they sell across the region. 50% of the GST
charged that is 18% 9% of that amount goes directly to the states account and the other half goes to the central
government of India. This helps the regional economy to invest more on infrastructure development within the
region to boost the industrialization, build more educational institutions for making more professionals so the
lifestyle can be uplifted and more revenue to the state/regional government can be generated.
The negative impact of small businesses like Shree Krishna Sweets and other businesses are that they occupy a
large area of land and building divided into various small individual business units which doesn’t allow larger
industries to be set up in the commercial area of those places as it requires larger place to set up and as more
number of employees are employed by them and the business activities are significantly larger as they generate
large revenue which is contributed to the state’s economy on the other hand small businesses are dealing in
smaller items and don’t generate enough revenue as large corporates which lowers the ratio of area occupied to
do business in proportion to the revenue generated and results in lower tax collection of that state hence small
businesses aren’t that profitable to the government as larger corporations which not only generate more revenue
and pay higher taxes they also don’t need much of benefits from the government to support their businesses
where as small traders are given benefits by the government at various levels to help them survive and results in
loss of money spent on such activities whereas corporates are large companies that are strong enough to pay
high taxes and employ more professionals who earn much higher than the employees of small business which
makes the standard of living of those people and uplift the regional economy but due to low income per capita
the new businesses hesitate to set up their businesses in those regions which have a sort of monopoly of small
businesses and are densely situated in those regions.

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National Economy:
Shree Krishna Sweets and other small businesses have a better survival rate in times of crisis in the nation as the
business deals in ticket size products and sells innovative/unique products which are sold no matter what as it is
not a industry which provides luxury products like motorbikes, car, watches, electronics etc. that are expensive
to buy and are not necessities. So when all the large businesses face a down fall and recession small businesses
like Shree Krishna Sweets are not impacted majorly by it and helps the nation’s economy to survive in the tough
times. Shree Krishna Sweets and other small businesses like it generates majority of job opportunities for the
nations employment and the entire MSME’s sector contributes by employing 111+ million people from India
and provide job opportunities across the nation which is facing an issue of large unemployment and helps to
create equal wealth distribution and development across the nation and not just in cities but in villages and in
developing and undeveloped regions of India which helps to make the economy increase its core strength and
face even survive economic crises and not let its impact stay for a long time and bring back its operations back
to normal quickly. Small businesses helps to strengthen the national economy by bringing in more FDI because
more business attract foreign investors to set up their businesses to cater to the existing large market and high
demand for the commodities. Small businesses that are involved in export activities help to bring in foreign
exchange in India and reduce the economy’s trade deficit and keeps the inflation in control and plays a major
role in its stability.
Small businesses are involved in creating and selling highly customized and innovative products and service in
the market which helps the economy to have diverse set of businesses an increase its competency because the if
a particular type of business isn’t performing well other category will support the economy for that time being.
Also small businesses don’t require large capital to start and are very easy to set up which motivates more
people from the economy to open their own business if their ideas are good enough to bring value to the market.
The startup are the key to building larger corporations as no company is started from a huge size and it takes
long time to make a business grow successfully and sustain its operations but all the big corporations once were
a small business and converted itself to large corporations with experience and hard work. So small businesses
increase the chances of developing into larger corporations and help the economy collect more revenue from
such businesses like Shree Krishna Sweets was started just from a single shop in Coimbatore and now it has its
branches across the globe and is a highly successful small business that is contributing the national economy
significantly as food is one of the largest industry of India and Agriculture industry is supported by Shree
Krishna Sweets as there is a domestic demand for the products and helps the agricultural industry of India to
grow and support the title of India being an agricultural economy and famous for its agricultural produce across
the globe due to major exports from India of spices, crops and food article.
Small businesses usually don’t have financial advisors and experts to guide about the financial decisions taken
by them which usually results in losses over the period of time and makes them shut the business which makes
the banks of the economy result in not being able to repay the loans and this results in losses to banks and a
large amount of NPA are generated which makes the economy suffer even the taxes which are to be collected
from the interest charged by the bank does not get accrued to them as they can’t even recover the principle
amount at the end and the government loses taxes on that amount of money which reduces the revenue of the
economy. Small businesses don’t push growth for number of professionals in the country which makes the
economy with less number of skilled and educated people as a large population falls under this category in India
small businesses like Shree Krishna Sweets don’t demand for professionals from various sectors and have
simple job descriptions which are moderate paying jobs.

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Small Businesses Like Shree Krishna Sweets does not solve the problem of job creation for people from diverse
education background and makes them unable to find jobs at such places and this gives rise to low innovation
levels in the national economy as no startups or new industries will be created and the scope for growth will be
decreased.
International Economy:
Shree Krishna Sweets is present across the globe in various nations including UAE, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Sri
Lanka, Nepal and various other nations which makes them very beneficial to the international economy of India
and other countries as they provide job opportunities to various Indian emigrants across the globe and helps the
economy to get forex from these nations and decrease their trade deficit as large number of Indian’s working
abroad have got job opportunities and are able to make a living over there. The food exports from India are
increased by Shree Krishna Sweets which has made trade relations with various nations stringer and opened
new opportunities for various countries to invest in India. Shree Krishna Sweets also has various international
customers who are from various parts of the world which their stores are not located but their website allows
them to deliver internationally at any corner of the world.
Exports done by Shree Krishna Sweets are benefiting to the International economy as they pay export duties at
high percent to send out the goods to other nations which boosts the international economy and help to develop
infrastructure and make trade even stronger and provide job and growth opportunities. Shree Krishna Sweets is
a Indian food brand which has global operations which helps India to capture global market share for food
industry which allows international corporations to invest in India from those industries.
Shree Krishna Sweets are famous for their taste and quality which brings many neighboring countries food
bloggers and reviewers to just come and visit the original branch of Shree Krishna Sweets as they want to
experience the authentic Indian food in India itself as more variety of items that could not be exported are
available in India’s branch of Shree Krishna and Makes them popular for food reviewers who travel around the
globe just to eat and explore different culture of food habits. This gives India’s International economy to
increase its food tourism which is at a growing stage and supports the economy by giving tourism and the
benefits that come from it.
The negative impact of Shree Krishna Sweets to the international economy is that small businesses like Shree
Krishna sweets are not present across various locations and have not entered in various markets that have
tremendous scope but due to low capital, these markets are acquired by large international food corporations
who provide imitated food from the Indian manufacturers and sell them at a cheaper rates with similar taste this
makes Shree Krishna sweets loose business in front of such giants and loses their market share. This negatively
impacts the international economy as the money from India goes to foreign companies which increase the trade
deficit and reduces the buying power of people of India as at large as the Indian currency tends to fall and
increase the price of the international products in India rising the inflation levels in India which is harmful for
any economy. Shree Krishna Sweets have invested their money outside their country for setting up their
business and has resulted in India losing its own cash reserves which weakens the international economy.

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Shree Krishna Sweets give an overall boost to Indian economy as it give jobs to various uneducated people who
couldn’t get education due to their financial situation but as now they are earing decent money they can admit
their children in schools and colleges which will make them skilled professionals and give them good jobs at
various jobs in various levels of the economy this will give rise to more professional in the country and bring
more technological advancements in the country thereby creating a stronger and growing economy as new
industries will penetrate the market seeing the underlying huge number of graduates without a job and give
them high negotiating powers to employee more employees at cost effective way.

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Medium sized businesses like KAYATM clinic ltd. is an skin care, hair care, beauty solutions company and has
various skin/hair products and many more beauty products that they manufacture and sell online as well as
offline they also have 100 clinics spread across 26 cities in India and 20 clinics across Singapore, middle east
including UAE, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and Oman. They offer various dermatological solutions like laser hair
removal, anti-ageing skin treatment, acne solutions, pigmentation removal from the skin, scar removals, hair
transplant for both men and women who have lost their hair and want to regrow it naturally. Kaya products are
available on various ecommerce websites like Amazon, Nykaa, Flipkart, Myntra, Jabong to penetrate online
markets and compete with international beauty brands.
The brand was founded by Harsh Mariwala in 2003 since then it has grown significantly domestically and
internationally. The brand has 245-252 employees including various professionals like dermatologists, hair
specialists and various Doctors to produce medically approved products and have the permission to open
various clinics across the globe which gives the boost to the Indian economy because brands like Kaya help to
employ specialized people like various professionals that have high incomes and can only be hired by medium
to large organizations as per the scale of operations and need for such professionals.
Kaya has invested INR 9-10 Crores in machinery and equipment needed for production of beauty products and
perform medical treatments of skin and hair, these equipment are slightly expensive and some of which are
produced by international brands only for which Kaya pays a huge import duty of 23.5% on the total value
which is around INR 2.5 crores which gives boost to the Indian economy by supporting international trade and
encourage more businesses to penetrate such markets which are unexplored in India and has a huge demand for
the products they produce and a large sum of money goes to foreign traders this gives a new opportunity to
Indian entrepreneurs to set up various innovative manufacturing industry to make “Make in India” possible and
help it grow.
Kaya has helped the Indian GDP to grow at a rate of 7.2% as it belongs to the manufacturing and service
industry in India which contributes in making the manufacturing sector to achieve a total of 14.4% of the entire
GDP of India and 20.96% which is the total percentage contribution made by the service sector of the entire
GDP of India. MSME’s like Kaya help to generate employment across various cities in India and help in
development across India due to setting up new industries that will encourage more competitor to set up their
businesses in those areas and bring growth in the economy by increasing the overall GDP of the nation and help
in overall development of the country this also increases the current level of infrastructure available in the
economy which motivates FDI due to India becoming a lucrative market place seeing its demographics and
market potential.
Kaya itself has brought FDI in India because 6.3% of the total shares of Kaya are owned by foreign institutions,
which helps the Indian economy to get more foreign reserves to make its currency stronger and increase its
buying power in the international market. Kaya exports beauty products worth INR 35-40 crores annually
which helps the Indian economy by decreasing its trade deficit and boost its international trade due to
production of quality products in India that can compete with global brands and match global standards thereby
increasing the exports from MSME’s in India, currently MSME’s contribute 40% of total exports from India in
which kaya plays and significant role as it is one of the largest beauty product manufacturer of the country and
has a market share of 8% of cosmetics sold for skin and hair care in India which has a major contribution in the
GDP of the nation.

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The beauty industry of India is expected to grow by 25% per annum and become a $20 billion market by 2025
from current valuation of the industry that is US$ 6.5 billion. Brands like kaya will help to fulfill such rising
demands of cosmetic products in the Indian market that will help the Indian economy to receive more revenue
by collecting more amount of taxes than the current amounts as sales and revenue of companies in the beauty
industry will rise significantly and more funds for infrastructure development in India can be invested by the
government to set up more MSME’s in India that will make help to make the standard of living of the people in
the Indian economy much better as there will be more employment and for and new job opportunities created
for rising levels of graduates in the country as 12 million students graduate every year in India and to give these
candidates jobs various medium size enterprise like Kaya helps to solve the issue of unemployment in the
Indian economy and helps to create better equal distribution of wealth in the economy leading to development
in rural regions of India and it will become a huge market place for many small and medium industries.
Kaya is also listed on the Indian stock exchange where people can trade its shares and become the owners of the
company which helps the economy to bring more investments in its stock exchange and raise the value of its
stock market as more and more company’s get listed on the stock exchange the more the stock exchange earns
in form of commission and make trading more better and give rise to the Indian economy by increasing its
revenue.

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The author has explain the importance of small businesses and business start-ups to the growth of the
social economy.
Meaning of startup: It is an early stage in the life cycle of an enterprise when the entrepreneur moves from the
stage of idea to securing various finance sources and raises capital for the business, lay down the basic structure
of the business which is to be conducted and initiate operations of the business i.e. trading, selling and
producing goods and services in the market to earn profits and grow the business. (BusinessDictionary.com,
n.d.)
Meaning of small business: Small business is an enterprise that has a small amount of capital invested in it and
uses labor intensive techniques for producing goods and services. Small businesses usually operate in a
local/regional market and have good relations with their customers and provide different and unique products
which are sold by individual businesses only. Small business is classified in India as the business that has an
annual turnover of more than INR 25 crores of less than INR75 crores and has more than 10 and less than or
equal to 100 employees working for the business. Small businesses usually sell fast selling commodities that are
not very expensive and are used in day to day life which gives them liquidation of cash due to daily transactions
made in the business although small in amount.
Small businesses are important to build for the growth of the social economy as it helps to raise the standard of
living of the people where the business is been set up as it gives employment to the locals who aren’t very
educated and need a job for supporting their families and make a living as they were not employed by large
corporates due to lack of higher formal education. Small businesses help to raise the standard of living of the
localities they operate in as more people in that area are employed and have a disposal power of money to spend
on other goods and services which helps to give rise to more businesses in that area and develop the rural
regions where there are not much of businesses and majority of the population suffers due to unemployment this
could be solved if more small businesses are present in rural areas and also small businesses helps the local
municipal corporations to collect more taxes and provide welfare to its citizens like education to kids, basic
facilities like electricity, water, food and much more which will help to develop the backward areas of the
country.
Small businesses help the social economy by creating more innovative and customized products which are
demanded in a particular region and can’t be fulfilled by large corporates this helps the small business to
provide goods and services specially created for the requirements of the local people. Small businesses help the
economy by reducing income inequality in the nation as the funds are distributed in unpenetrated markets and
give rise to more businesses and ideas to create more job opportunities.
Small businesses are very easy to set up and don’t require to file much of legal formalities due to which many
people are encouraged to start their own businesses as it gives them a feeling of being an owner of the business
and the amount of effort they put in the business the more reward they will receive which creates a healthy
competition among the businesses as there are many homogenous businesses selling similar kinds of goods and
services at a competitive price.

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This helps the social economy to eradicate monopoly from the rural regions as previously only a few rich
businessmen would have certain commodities and sold them for high rates exploiting the customers but as there
is a rise the amount of small business in the country more competition has forced these business to provide
better quality products at a very affordable price as the people that region have various options to buy the
desired goods and services. This also helps the social economy to set up various industries in that area seeing
the current levels of developments taking place in the region which becomes lucrative for entrepreneurs with
low capital to invest in such places and start new businesses which are innovative and unique in terms of their
business and the products they offer which help to create diversity of products and services in the market and
makes the market much more stronger and diverse and create new possibilities.
Veg saagar is an small restaurant in Bhayander west, Mumbai which serves various cuisines including
Mexican, Indian, Chinese, Italian, Continental, and Thai. The restaurant has an annual turnover of INR 30
crores and gives employment to more than 45 employees for various job positions including cashier, managers,
chefs, servers, security and cleaners this ensures people of that area who have different levels of skills are
employed and are earning decent salaries which help their families to make a healthy living and can buy various
necessity goods and services like giving proper education to their children, buy food and clothes, pay their bills
for necessities etc. which helps to raise the standard of living of the people of Bhayander west after setting up
the restaurant and seeing its success more and more restaurants are being set up in that area which is creating a
constant challenge for veg saagar to improve its quality and services time and again to stay competitive and
price their dishes accordingly.
This has made the customers of that area to get a dining experience in restaurant at very affordable prices and
has brought in a culture of dining out frequently in that area and the standard of living of the people of that area
has been raised as more money is spent on lifestyle activities except for basic necessities and also increases the
happiness index of that region and solves the problem of unemployment due to creation of new job
opportunities frequently due to rise of more industries in that area. As the income levels of the people are rising
the equal distribution of goods and services in that area is rising and each household is receiving better goods
and services from the market and has elevated their lifestyles and standard of living significantly before there
were job opportunities by small business.
There is a better development of infrastructure in the particular areas and more people are shifting to small
rented houses from slums as their income levels have become decent for supporting a normal lifestyle and there
is more demand for residential premises and more buildings are constructed on unused lands which is helping
the economy by rising income from real estate markets and collecting stamp duty on flats sold to landlords and
tax collected from landlords every year from the rental income they receive from leasing out their premises to
workers and employees of small and medium businesses.
Startups, in a knowledge-based society innovation is the driving force of the economy of a nation in all levels
and in all types of business organizations as there is a high level of risk involved when presenting new products
and services in the markets innovations and creative ideas of selling and setting up a new type of industry and
penetrating the unsaturated and unexplored markets are being commercialized via formal formations of an
organizations known as start-up companies.

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These companies help the economy and society to avoid major losses in terms of investments made in new
industries at a very large scale by setting a right example of which business type and model is successful in the
society and helps the rest of the business to understand the scope of the industry they are investing to
commercialize the opportunity and by failure of such startups it set an example for the entire society to invest
their money on businesses that would bring success and growth in the long term and avoid investing in
industries that are not required by the economy.
Startups helps the social economy by creating job opportunities for new and innovative jobs which require
creativity and skill to stay competitive and make sales in the business. Startups brings new innovations in the
society by opening markets for new industries which were unexplored and had huge potential in the economy.
Innovations are the main force behind the economic development in the society that helps to increase the
productivity in the knowledge based society. Startups are the best source to implement new inventions and the
best mechanisms for commercializing technology and other novelties and the best locations to operate for that
business.
Startups help to develop new technologies in the locations where they operate, and often start-ups are brought
by the large companies as they have the right technology in the business which will help the company to create
a competitive advantage in the market boosting the economy by introducing new market which will generate
great revenue and create new jobs and bring growth in the economy as long term successful startups create a
large portion of jobs that are new in the market and are in demand which will rise the growth in the nation’s
economy as it will raise the standard of living in the society and solve the issue of poverty and unemployment
due to lack of jobs in the market as startups are based upon innovations its helps the economy to have strong
core and face even the toughest crises if occurred as the idea of developing new businesses will have an strong
impact on the economy and help to distinguish it from other economies giving it competitive advantage and
unique status.
Start-ups motivate the young generations to think innovatively for surviving in a market full of homogeneous
industries its is necessary to think differently from the rest of the population to standout and become successful
by creating new trends in the market. Startups bring new competitive dynamics in the economic system as these
type of companies are very dynamic in nature and which brings competitiveness in the economic system raising
the skills and knowledge levels of individuals in the economy which will help them to get better jobs due to
their specialization in a particular field which is not been expertise by many people but is very helpful to the
company this was startups help to create value for individuals in an economy.
Startups are imitated once successful in the market which helps the economy to prevent monopolies on
particular commodities due to few sellers of it in the market but due to being imitated there is a healthy
competition in the economy and it stays vital and diligent while other companies are forced to constantly
innovate and better their products and not sleep after creating a new category of good or service and promotes
proactive thinking as the individuals realize they have more responsibilities for their work and carrier
development and don’t stop thinking and gaining more knowledge this will bring a healthy revenue to the
economy as more markets will be introduced in the country which will require more investments and will bring
FDI’s in the country due to being industry setters and not imitators and giving broad scope to new industries
creating lucrative investments opportunity and equal distribution of goods and services in the economy by
penetrating every possible market available in the economy and increasing the overall productivity in the
economy and helping it grow rapidly.

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Startups will give rise to more knowledge based institutions as it will require advanced skills and knowledge to
function and will promote research and development sector of the economy and employ more professionals at
good pay scale and encourage the youth and adults to implement their ideas to capitalize on them and bring a
revolution in the industry and grow as an individual and a profession side by side with their organization
making them more experienced and knowledgeable in tier field of work. Overall startups are very crucial for the
economy to keep growing and not fail eventually in the long term due to lack of new industries and tremendous
amount of homogeneous industries failing in the nation due to lack of interest towards the business by the
population due to being out fashioned and people getting bored of using similar products repeatedly.
Successful innovative startups like Café Coffee Day have made an revolution in the coffee industry of India and
has change the beverage scenario amongst the people of India by introducing first ever café style restaurant
chain of India where people not just come to have coffee and snacks and leave instead they prefer spending a
good amount of time in the café doing their work or simply enjoying the coffee with delicious snacks with their
friends and family which has helped to uplift the standard of living of the Indian society by increasing the
expenses made by the people due to more employment created by such amount of startups rising in the society
and fulfilling various needs of the.
Customers by introducing innovative products and services to make life more easier and comfortable for the
people of the society. Café coffee day has become a huge successful startup which has even expanded to global
markets like India, Europe, Middle East and Asia and has 1500 outlets in total around the globe generating
employment for more than 5100 people of the society and helping the economy to grow as more income is
distributed to per capita which allows more industries to set up in back ward areas of the society and develop
the infra structure of the economy and makes the economy a larger market to give rise to new industries and
startups bringing more innovation amongst the people and the youth which will increase the knowledge based
industry in the economy and makes it stronger from core and hard to fail any time soon due to various situations
like crisis in the economy. Café coffee day is the largest exporter of coffee beans in India and has a 20000 acre
agriculture farm that helps agriculture economy of the country to grow and give employment in various sectors
agriculture sector is one of the most significant part of India’s GDP and C.C.D helps to strengthen the
agricultural sector which will help the economy to grow and give rise to mode industry. CCD exports coffee
beans which brings in foreign currency in India which helps to decrease the trade deficit of India and make
international trades stronger which makes the trade deficit of India much lower making the currency of India
much more stronger in front of other foreign currencies thereby giving more buying power to the citizens of
India. Due to a strong success of CCD in India many more café chains like McCafé Café, Barista Café etc. have
started to set up their businesses which is making CCD face a healthy competition and pushes them to increase
their productivity and quality levels and be more innovative and creative in their businesses to stay competitive
which helps the customers to explore various options for a particular type of business and boosts growth of
startups in India also it helps the social economy by making business to have healthy competition and prevent
monopolies in various sectors and bring constant innovations in the business which will help to create more
employment for people from research and development department and more recruitments are made in digital
marketing sector as seeing the changing market and demand for new types of jobs are helping the social
economy to hire people from diverse skills and knowledge and specialization and brings new innovations in the
economy constantly and helps to prevent unemployment due to rapid growth in number of graduates passing out
each year in India and give employment at large in the economy for more development in the standard of living
and give rise to more industries.

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The author has Determined the characteristics traits and skills of successful entrepreneurs that
differentiate them from other business managers. The author has also Explored and examined different
lines of argument
relating to entrepreneurial characteristics:-
Meaning of trait: It is an distinguishable quality or a characteristic, typically the one which belongs to a
particular person. It can also be a personality that belongs to a particular person or a type of behavior expressed
by an individual. (Dictionary.cambridge.org, n.d.)
Meaning of skill: It is an special ability to perform and activity or a job very well, especially because the
person doing it has practiced a lot of time and has mastered in it. (Dictionary.cambridge.org, n.d.)
V.G. Siddhartha is the owner and chairman of the leading café chain of India and it has only been possible to
achieve great success by the brand as its owner possesses various skills and characteristics that are required to
become successful business owners and entrepreneurs here are list of skills and characteristics possessed by
V.G. Siddhartha.
Risk taking: V.G. Siddhartha is a person that is a live example of how smart risk taking can help a person build
a fortune and become successful as he took a risk of opening his own business of a café chain in India which
was a very new and unexplored market of India and no one knew how the business will do in the market due to
lack of similar business models present in the economy to capitalize on this opportunity V.G. Siddhartha took
INR 5lakhs from his dad with whom he managed his family business of owning a coffee bean farm and
growing coffee beans but a person like him didn’t settle just with one source of income and decided to do
something on his own which gave rise to such a new market and industry of café in India and proved worthy of
taking such a risk.
This is what distinguishes him from the managers who work in the same line of business but could not become
entrepreneurs as they don’t have an ability to take such risks and are by default risk avoiders and are paid to do
that which has become a part of their characteristic which hinders their ability to become entrepreneurs like
V.G. Siddhartha who understands he true benefit of taking risks and how it could reward in various ways. Risk
has made entrepreneur like V.G. Siddhartha so successful as they learn from their bad experiences form the
risks taken in their life to grow but didn’t turned out to be so desirable and makes them more prepared for future
to take risks considering their past experiencing and becoming more smart in analyzing only the best
opportunities which are worth taking risk for. Managers in the same line of business like managers of the close
competitor of CCD, Tea Villa Café learn from such experiences from such entrepreneurs and try to imitate
those experiences in their jobs to avoid such risks and make the company function safe but limits their
opportunity for growth as taking risk gives higher rewards than avoiding them if done smartly.
Risk takers generally end up with various financial losses as the work itself suggests there is a level of danger
involved to do that activity and won’t guarantee success and completely depends on uncontrollable factors. Due
to losses involved at a higher rate when a person starts taking risk it becomes a learning experience for them to
prioritize and understand the effects of the risk and how will the negative effects will be dealt with but this stage
comes after years of successfully surviving and growing taking risks does not guarantee that the desired results
will be achieved and only the rate of success for achieving it increases compared to an inexperienced risk taker.
Risk involved in the business for CCD was to gather funds and grow at a larger level for which the entrepreneur

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invested into investments like shares of various company and property, opening a stock brokerage firm before
opening a café.
The brokerage firm failed as there was no practical experience by V.G. Siddhartha to run a stock brokerage firm
as he only knew about investing into stocks and not to manage/run that business. This was one of the major
risks involved in V.G. Siddhartha’s life and taught him various lessons about risk taking but still due to his
extreme nature in investing in the stock market and buying other companies he still loses a large sum of money
and brings loss of revenue and not utilizing the funds in the right place. Taking risks diverts the attention of an
organization and its apex authority shifts their attention on monitoring that risk based up on the level of risk
taken by the management and the level of uncertainties to occur while the risk is taken. Risk taking
organizations are avoided by the shareholders as they resist by thinking that their money will not be utilized
with care and security. This makes the investors who are very high risk takers(Bull’s not bears) invest in such
corporations and hope for higher returns. Risk taking entrepreneurs often have a habit of reinvesting the money
earned by taking higher risks and have greater chance to fail with a larger amount as greed is not good for any
entrepreneur and leads to failure because it reflects the wrong mindset of the entrepreneur making the society
and shareholders concerned about the company.
If risks taken are higher than being able to repay it creates huge problems like shut down and seizures of the
company. It affects the mindset of a person to rise again to do something new as they are habitual of taking
risks in greed for getting higher returns in shorter periods and don’t know that it takes several years of hard
work and dedication to achieve success and sustain in the market.
Risk taking although is a very good trait if used carefully and prudently which gives the risk taker endless
opportunities and rise to new enterprise which helps the society by bringing in various innovations and giving
birth to new industries and cater an unexplored market that underlies great potential. Risks should always be
taken in calculated amounts for better sustainability and steady but healthy growth which will also increase the
core competency as larger gains in short period might result in unnatural growth as huge capital is introduced in
the business but the management is not having the caliber and experience of running such large businesses
which usually results in fast shut down or massive losses due to inexperience about operating a large firm and
getting a massive upgrade without any real hard work. The company might grow supernaturally but the
entrepreneurs will lose their profits if again takes bigger risks as with rewards comes more greed and
overconfidence within themselves.
Passionate and self-motivated: Anything a person does in life he it is important for him to be self-motivated
and passionate about what he is trying to achieve as it will help him to stick with the activity even in hard times
and motivate to achieve the goals and objectives. Due to the passion the person possesses which encourages
him to do even better in life because passion is a never ending quality and make a person keep hustling for
entire life which benefits him and help to grow or do things like startups of business and giving life to their
ideas to capitalize on them and make keep the passion alive by constantly working hard to fulfill the dreams and
the kind of life a person wants to live this is what is practices by V.G Siddhartha as he was very passionate and
self-motivated, to do something which was never done before in India and make his dreams come true and
made it his motto of life.
That was to start a coffee chain in India and bring a massive change to the beverage industry as he got his
background being a farmer/business owner of a coffee bean farm and wanted to do something more related to
that business to make his true passion come alive today café coffee day is the most successful cafés of India and

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V.G. Siddhartha has become one of the best entrepreneurs of India giving encouragement to live for your
passion.
The managers of Barista Café and Mc Café aren’t self-motivated and passionate about what they do as doing
their job doesn’t give them happiness and they only do it due to the monitory reasons which make them struck
with their jobs for their entire life and makes their chance to grow as an individual and become successful,
whereas V.G. Siddhartha didn’t started the business for the sole purpose of earning maximum profits which
was kept secondary by him and focused on his vision of changing the beverage scenario of India and kept this
dream alive which motivated him to build his empire as he would have lost his motivation if the business was
started for profits only and if it wouldn’t have done well in the market initially he would have lost interest and
would have had give up like managers give up if they can’t find monitory benefits and stop working efficiently
which reduces their productivity and it distinguishes successful entrepreneurs like V.G. Siddhartha from the
mangers working in the same line of business but as employees and not as owners due to lacking abilities
possessed by successful entrepreneurs.
Proactiveness and High Passion towards work has made V.G. Siddhartha get its positive benefits but at a high
cost as proactive people are usually inactive people but being proactive gives them energy and motivation to do
their like to work on extreme situations not in between. Studies suggest only 9% of the people are born to
initiate and manifest the rest have to find other ways to adapt other approaches towards work. Also it is very
essential for people to work by being reactive and not overreactive as it harm the productivity and proactive
people are always stuck on a particular work and don’t focus on other activities which are also essential for
overall success.
Being passionate about his business V.G. Siddhartha even after making so much revenue from CCD does not
explore new industries which are even more profitable and give better returns than his existing business this has
impacted him by not utilizing his funds in the best possible ways. This is a limiting factor for him as it makes
him resist to entering new industries which are completely different from his current business and limits his
scope for higher growth rate.
Self- motivation works the most effectively during the initial stages of the business when it is growing. Studies
show that motivation is diminishing in nature, as you reach one step closer to your goals and vison the
motivation starts to go down slowly and steadily due to the sense of achievement towards the set objectives or
vision which reduces the efforts exerted by the person towards it.
So any entrepreneur should use motivation as a part of various other traits and ability to keep the true focus on
work but depending solely on Self-motivation is not going to result into higher effective towards the goals and
visions as they are long term and staying motivated throughout the journey of achieving it is not possible and
practical as each business faces high’s and lows which strongly impacts on the motivation and that time the
entrepreneur like V.G. Siddhartha shout have other drivers which will enable him to face tough times and
sustain himself by reminding how much he has done for his business and remind himself why he started if he
wanted to quit.

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Visionary: Entrepreneurs like V.G. Siddhartha are visionary in life and set various visions that will help to
achieve their motto in life and grow as a person, to be visionary it requires a person like V.G. Siddhartha who
is innovative and creative who can think out of the box and stand out from the rest of the crowd and other
managers from the same line of business as he has a willingness to change the world and has ideas that will
drive the society in a different direction whereas managers in the same line of business are people who help
people with visions to achieve them for making their living as they don’t work by using innovation and
creativity in their life and always try to maintain the status quo in the organization and avoid risks their primary
goal is to earn maximum money and power in position by making the leaders/entrepreneurs achieve their vision
successfully and they function using limited knowledge, experience and management styles to make sure
everything goes smooth in the company and are not so happy when undesired things occur as they get struck
with the problems and don’t have creative and innovative ideas to come out of that situations. Whereas people
like V.G. Siddhartha are prepared to face tough situations and gives them challenges to be more creative and
achieve more in life and challenges makes him more happy than not seeing change and innovation.
As V.G. Siddhartha is visionary person this trait comes with its own set of positive and negative effects which
makes it a double edged sword and can turn into negative sooner than positive if not used appropriately. The
following argument describes how argument portrays how being visionary is not really that useful and have a
negative impact on the entrepreneurs. Being visionary leader makes the management confused about what to do
next as vision is a very wide aspect and can easily be mistaken on ways to achieve it as wider scope gives rise
to various approaches and decreases the productivity of the organization as there are various ideas and
strategies to go with but the company usually can’t decide what approach to undertake to make sure the
organization achieves the vision.
As vision is a very long term activity the company’s focus shifts to achieving the larger goals and often forgets
that regular activities of the business which aren’t directly related to the business are left behind which is not
good for any business as it makes it very difficult for the employees to get aligned in the right direction for the
management as vision comes with no guidelines and is not limited by boundaries like being specific,
measurable, achievable, realistic, time bound unlike objectives. Vision requires highly skilled entrepreneurs
who have formed an excellent road map for achieving his visons considering all the realistic factors and the
situations that can hinder it. V.G. Siddharth just had an idea of doing something on his own and as was into
agricultural business activity in his earlier days which was inherited by him by his father the closest and bet
option was to start his own Business to Customer model for his existing business and opened a café but didn’t
had a road map for the list of activities he is going to execute to ensure he is on the right path to achieve his
vision. He kept on learning from his experiences and made better decisions in the future. But wasn’t himself
aware about how will he accomplish it, so assuming the managers who are not entrepreneurs and don’t have the
skills for being an entrepreneur will face such difficulty of achieving the vision of the company as they are
more goal and objective oriented and need a specific deadline and measurable task to form various strategies
and plans to execute their activities towards achieving them. So being extra visionary will only cause
confusions and setting of unrealistic targets which can’t be achieved practically considering the reality and the
setter of the vison should not randomly set a vision based upon his desires without backing up with proper
support and plans/contingency plans for it. If the company can’t manage to plan various activities to execute for
the accomplishment for the vision the company will fail as the employees will quickly loose motivation and
either quit the job or won’t take the job seriously thinking that it is too unrealistic to perform.

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Traits possessed by Mr. Brijmohan Lall Munjal:
Openminded and Good listener: Mr. Munjal is a very open minded person and does not let his position at
work built a wall between his employees and him as he is very flexible in operations and allows his
employees to use the liberty to explore new ways of approach towards work which are more productive and
effective in the organization this allows him get various ideas from his employees to implement various work
culture in the organization at the same time being disciplined towards the work they do and not take liberty to
avoid and work instead they are motivated to perform better by using the ways they feel are working best for
and as long as at the end giving the desired result this has made Hero MotoCorp distinct from its competitors
who have strict working culture and rigid bosses to make their employees work on their terms which affect
their productivity and creativity of the company and gives a competitive advantage to Hero MotoCorp to
grow in the market as a leading brand because the employees of the company are happy to work and give
their dedication to the company whole heartedly as they have a thinking of being valued as individuals in the
company and their ideas do matter to the company and the there is a 2 way communication in the
organization which brings in more creative and innovative ideas that could result in huge success if
implemented correctly by the company.
Whereas on the other hand managers in the same line of business have a tendency to make the employees
follow their style of work and implement the culture which they feel which suits the best which makes the
employees uncomfortable and disobedient which reduces their productivity due to this managers don’t
develop strong people skills making then not so good leaders and discourage them from becoming
entrepreneurs as they are not good listeners like successful entrepreneurs and don’t get innovative ideas to
start their own businesses as they are limited to the knowledge they have from their experience and formal
education and think they are always correct but in reality entrepreneurs need to be very dynamic line Mr.
Munjal to stay competitive and maintain good relations with each and every associate of the business and be
more of a problem solver than problem creator.
As Mr. Munjal is a very openminded person he has keep his doors open for his employees whenever they
approach him that takes away his time from work as he is already a very old aged person he can’t give many
work hours to the business but still he tries to stay at work at least 6-8 hours each day which are very crucial
for taking vital decisions but his employees approach him directly which makes him divert his attention from
work and solve their issues personally as they have approached him that reduces the organizational
productivity at the cost of keeping their employees happy but Mr. Munjal is a peoples person can’t see any of
his associates unhappy which makes him help them. As employees come to him for resolving their issues he
doesn’t get time chance to analyze if the decision he is going to take for his employees problems can result in
negative side effects as the employees become very sensitive than usual and start complaining due to the
support from the top management and it often becomes difficult for managers at Hero to make their
employees follow their commands as directed.
Mr. Munjal has benefitted in various ways by being an excellent communicator and has helped him to drive
his company to success with the help of his trait of being and good communicator, but any thing has 2 sides
negative and positive. Here it has resulted negatively in ways like some employees at Hero become less
serious about work as they don’t have a fear of the manager forcing them to work hard and push their limits
as they make various excuses about work not being done and this lowers their productivity and creates an
obstacle for the organization to reach their deadlines to successfully accomplish their goals and objectives.

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Such type of employees are people who don’t understand the value of good communications and are meant to be
dealt with autocratic leadership styles which are then done by the leaders and managers at Hero who evaluate
their performances every week and use various management techniques and leadership styles based upon
individuals they analyze and figure out ways to get them to work in a much better way. As communications are
more based upon personal experiences and is very subjective which creates confusion sometimes in the
company as more number of people say the same thing in different ways and who to believe and follow becomes
and problem at Hero which is why the employees at Hero constantly do work based upon their understandings
and has to be corrected later when they are checked or as soon as the management comes to know it. Mr. Munjal
loves to communicate with his employees and doesn’t realize that it takes away his productive time from the
organization and various activities that are important that can be achieved in that time. Good communications
lead to Mr. Munjal get into over thinking to solve a particular problem as it is a challenge for him in his mind
and loves problem solving which helps him in his business to deal with various situations but in situations that
don’t require critical and in depth thinking, Mr. Munjal gets engaged in such activity and there is no one to stop
him from doing what is doing as he is the chairmen and the founder of the company which makes his employees
avoid talking about his personality and characteristics as they think it could result in penalizing them.
Hardworking: Mr. Munjal is a very hard working man which makes him an excellent entrepreneur in his life he
is currently 92 years old and still believes in giving his 100% efforts in the growth of the company as he works
for 6-8 hours each day and has made age just a number for him and has not let it affect his work life which
motivates his employees by setting a right example and gives them a proper role model to be guided and brings
out their maximum productivity and efforts because if their leader being so old can work for so many hours and
stay productive even at such a age it gives them major boost to become like their boss and achieve success in
their professional carrier and become an active human being this has proven to bring a healthy culture of
increasing the productivity amongst the employees and working voluntarily for their company without being
pressurized by their employer there by increasing the effectiveness and productivity in the production of the
company and resulting in rising sales and the brand dominating in the motorbike segment in India.
On the other hand managers of the same line of business have a very different attitude compared to successful
entrepreneurs like Mr. Munjal who loves to work hard to make his passion alive and see it growing and them
age is just a number, whereas managers of other auto companies have a tendency to not work very hard as they
believe in putting the workload on the shoulders of their subordinates without giving them proper guidance
about new projects and tasks and simple like to see the work getting done by the employees of their department
which discourages the employees and results in lower productivity whereas leaders/entrepreneurs like Mr.
Munjal works equally hard with his employees which motivates the entire organization to work as a single unit
and support their boss and distribute the work load equally and achieve the objectives of the organizations with
utmost willingness and productivity.
Mr. Munjal is a very hard working person and believes that will give him results that he desires but in reality it’s
not always hard work but an apt combination of both hard work and smart work which will give him better rate
of success compared to using hard work only. This is the reason why Mr. Munjal always set goals and objective
which are to more about leading the industry rather than growing slowly and sometimes it results in failure and
Mr. Munjal does not get dis hearted about them and thinks about achieving next time with his previous
experiences and not giving up until he achieves them.

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This has wasted a lot of resources of the organization as bigger goals and objectives require higher
investments. The investors of the company are very supportive to Hero as they believe in Mr. Munjal’s
prudence and working styles so patience is what they believe if they have invested in Hero MotoCorp as the
past results have portrayed the same. As working hard at work and over timing frequently has impacted his
balance of work life and personal life and he is not able to spend time with his family for many days if he is
engaged in between an important task. Hardworking has also impacted his health and has not been supportive
in his late 90’s as it is natural for human body to age badly after 80’s still due to his choices of healthy lifestyle
habits have enabled him to work better than people of his age. Now this technique of hardworking not
supported by his very old age and is in fact impacting him negatively silently and Mr. Munjal is not been able
to understand that working harder than normal is lowering his productivity but thankfully his son Dr. Pawan
Munjal who is the managing director of the company has started to take some crucial decisions on his own to
act as an helping hand to his father.

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Skills developed/possessed by V.G Siddhartha in his life while building his carrier.
Money management and investing: V.G. Siddhartha is a very prudent man when it comes to money as he has
learned how to invest in the market by working in a finance company in his early days when he was not an
entrepreneur and learned the nuances of trading in a form called JM Financial Ltd. and he also has an masters
degree in economics from the University of Karnataka where he received his formal education and has helped
him to have a deep understanding of the economy be it India or abroad his education has helped him to invest
so diligently and prudently because he know which sector has how much scope and what are the current
lifestyle of people in an economy and which helps him to invest in places that have huge demand and create
value for the company as well as the society and make a successful organization without being scared of
investing money in the right place as his background and past experiences in his own company have taught him
a lot about money and how to put it in the right place to make it work for him and manage risks related with
money professionally.
Ability to sell: V.G. Siddhartha knows various persuasive techniques of sales and understands a human
psychology better than his employees and has helped him to raise funds for his business in its initial startup
stage which was not an easy task and taught him various life lessons about how to sell anything and even
yourself by making the person agree to your terms and conditions and not literally. Using various lucrative
methods to raise funds from his investors for his business has made him learn specialize techniques of selling
even to the hardest customers who tend to be stingy and don’t buy until really needed V.G. Siddhartha has ways
like giving them additional benefits that are hard to resist but makes the sales possible this skill developed by
V.G. Siddhartha has made sure that his company sells more products than its competitors and it is the reason
why Café Coffee Day sells a massive number 1.8 billion cups of coffee across the globe and has impacted its
revenue very positively and has made the company more lucrative to the investors seeing the potential it has in
the business and has made raising funds for the company much more easier and made it possible for the
company to spread its presence hugely domestically as well as internationally using a strong business model
that has great potential for sales and successful entrepreneurial skills like it has made V.G. Siddhartha a
excellent sales person and bring huge revenue in the company.
He also learned the ability to sell by spending time with new startup and entrepreneurs who approach him with
various business ideas to invest in and use excellent sales skills which le learns even from people who are less
experienced from him. Selling skills also helps V.G. Siddhartha to make his employees motivated due to the
extra perks and benefits he gives to them for performing well has made it very helpful for V.G. Siddhartha to
rise a spirit of motivation in his organization which is very necessary for growth and survival of the company as
employees are the pillars of the company.
Brijmohan Lall Munjal is the Founder/Chairman of Hero MotoCorp which is the largest manufacturer of
motorbikes in the world by production volume Mr. Munjal has a significant role in driving his company to such
great extent and his entrepreneurial skills and traits that he possesses has to do a lot about his success and of
Herp MotoCorp the following are the skills and traits possessed by Mr. Munjal which helps to distinguish him
from other business managers in the same line of business.

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Skills developed/possessed by Mr. Munjal during his carrier and in personal life:
Resilient, Risk taking ability/skills: Mr. Munjal has faced a lot of ups and downs in his carrier of more than 35
years working at Hero and has developed resiliency skills as there were tough times like market crashes,
recessions and high competition which cause hinderance in the working of Hero MotoCorp but Mr. Munjal
didn’t lose faith in his business and helped the company to recover from falling in various pits but he was the
one who worked harder and drove the company to achieve such heights only by trusting his business and
believing in his hard work and the power of his brand and the value it has created in the market and today after
successfully overcoming all the problems it’s a reward for the company that it enjoys the status of being the
largest bicycle and motorbike manufacturer of the world and resilience has helped the company to face a lot of
tough times with confidence and not lose hope while other brands lost interest and shut down their operations
Hero stayed dedicated to its business.
Communication skills, Relation building skills: Mr. Munjal has very good communication skill which were
developed in his early days of his carrier when he used to sell bicycle parts that his brother’s company
manufactured and he had to go to sell those parts to various dealers across the state of Punjab and needed to
communicate about the benefits of their products and assured them what they see in the samples will what be
inside the final delivery and the quality levels will change as it was a major issue faced by bicycle manufactures
at that time due to lack of globalization in that period Indian manufacturers use to deliver sub standard quality
products to save costs and used to show higher grade products for samples but Mr. Munjal being a very ethical
person with right principles helped him to make his business go successful.
Due to the way he used to communicate with the dealers and delivered as promised on time and with quality
assurance which slowly build healthy relations with the dealers. They use to order spare parts with Mr. Munjal’s
company without checking the samples later when his business was expanded and more and more dealers used
to order him the raw material for their business.
Today at Hero communication skills help Mr. Munjal to describe about his vision and expectations from the
company right from the top to the frontline workforce very clearly which helps the company to stay focused on
very specific objectives and become leaner in its operations and raising the productivity levels due to having an
better understanding of their jobs and proper allocation of jobs as the employees also maintain a healthy
communication with the management which helps the managers and employees of the company to stay focused
truly towards the vision of the company and help each other by using effective communication to understand
about the activities happening in the company and working towards common goals rather working in silos
which will lead to loss of focus and won’t achieve the main objective and to prevent this Hero uses
communication for better cross functioning across the departments and achieve the targets.
Using effective communications Mr. Munjal has been able to earn the trust from his employees and has made
better relations with them which helps them to get their issues resolved quickly as each employee has good
relations with the co-workers and the management thereby raising the morale of the employees and boosting the
productivity because of no need for the management to force to achieve deadlines and targets and the work is
done voluntarily by the employees.

Conclusion: The above skills and traits have helped the entrepreneurs to make their companies soar and rise in
the market and create a reputation and rich legacy and has made it very successful in the market and a very
strong competition is given by these companies to their competitors all because of the entrepreneurs who have
these skills and traits to handle a business and give it new heights using them and grow in the market.
63

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Meaning of motivation: Motivation consists of all the complex human behavior which encourage/stimulates a
particular person to do something or achieve something the motivation differs from person to person someone
one might get motivated by getting monetary benefit, some might get motivated getting felicitated and some
people get motivated by getting a satisfaction by completing the work successfully which they were working
upon. Motivation is a subjective psychological factor in humans which differs from person to person and type of
job a person is into. (Managementstudyguide.com, n.d.)
Traits possessed/developed by the Chairman/owner of Café Coffee Day Mr. V.G. Siddhartha to bring
motivational mindset in his company:
Proactiveness, High passion towards work and Strong work ethics make V.G. Siddhartha bring motivation
to his company as he loves his job and gets satisfaction when he achieves the desired goals and objectives of the
company. As he believes his vision is gaining a stronger shape and form and helping him to achieve his dream
by working towards for what he desired, and not just the monitory factor but the learning experience he derives
from work and grow as an individual. Using those skills to make him a better person and become a role model
for the other people to become successful. V.G. Siddhartha looks for various new opportunities constantly for
his existing business to make it more profitable using the changes as an leverage to capitalize on new
opportunity.
V.G. Siddhartha is highly proactive and has great determination about his work and sometimes he is the first
person to walk inside the company and the last person to leave work for the day which describes how
committed and dedicated he is towards his work life which inspired his employees and motivates them to
become more proactive and come outside their comfort zone if they want to grow and become successful one
day and this helps CCD to function better and more productive without wasting time on work as Mr. V.G.
Siddhartha thinks about work even when not in his office and constantly tries to get new ideas for his business
from his real life experiences which brings motivation in his entire organization as to the employees to become
more creative and innovative to stand out from the rest of the competition if they want to be successful and give
their 100% to their job and search for new ideas constantly from their real life and implement them to make the
quality of their work improve significantly.
V.G. Siddhartha has a strong trait of good people skills and knows how to highlight advantages of any situation
to his employees, and instruct them various activities to become successful in their professional carrier which
helps the employees to find motivation and a reason for why they are working and makes their intent clear about
work and how it is going to benefit them in the long term basis which brings out their maximum efficiency and
innovative ideas for the organization and make the company grow distinguishing itself from the competitors
which are giants and help to give them cut throat competition.

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Meaning of motivation: Motivation consists of all the complex human behavior which encourage/stimulates a
particular person to do something or achieve something the motivation differs from person to person someone
one might get motivated by getting monetary benefit, some might get motivated getting felicitated and some
people get motivated by getting a satisfaction by completing the work successfully which they were working
upon. Motivation is a subjective psychological factor in humans which differs from person to person and type of
job a person is into. (Managementstudyguide.com, n.d.)
Traits possessed/developed by the Chairman/owner of Café Coffee Day Mr. V.G. Siddhartha to bring
motivational mindset in his company:
Proactiveness, High passion towards work and Strong work ethics make V.G. Siddhartha bring motivation
to his company as he loves his job and gets satisfaction when he achieves the desired goals and objectives of the
company. As he believes his vision is gaining a stronger shape and form and helping him to achieve his dream
by working towards for what he desired, and not just the monitory factor but the learning experience he derives
from work and grow as an individual. Using those skills to make him a better person and become a role model
for the other people to become successful. V.G. Siddhartha looks for various new opportunities constantly for
his existing business to make it more profitable using the changes as an leverage to capitalize on new
opportunity.
V.G. Siddhartha is highly proactive and has great determination about his work and sometimes he is the first
person to walk inside the company and the last person to leave work for the day which describes how
committed and dedicated he is towards his work life which inspired his employees and motivates them to
become more proactive and come outside their comfort zone if they want to grow and become successful one
day and this helps CCD to function better and more productive without wasting time on work as Mr. V.G.
Siddhartha thinks about work even when not in his office and constantly tries to get new ideas for his business
from his real life experiences which brings motivation in his entire organization as to the employees to become
more creative and innovative to stand out from the rest of the competition if they want to be successful and give
their 100% to their job and search for new ideas constantly from their real life and implement them to make the
quality of their work improve significantly.
V.G. Siddhartha has a strong trait of good people skills and knows how to highlight advantages of any situation
to his employees, and instruct them various activities to become successful in their professional carrier which
helps the employees to find motivation and a reason for why they are working and makes their intent clear about
work and how it is going to benefit them in the long term basis which brings out their maximum efficiency and
innovative ideas for the organization and make the company grow distinguishing itself from the competitors
which are giants and help to give them cut throat competition.

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The following traits bring great motivation in the entire organizational thinking and mindset about how
determination and hard work backed with correct knowledge can make anything possible to achieve and brings
a spirit of competitiveness amongst the employees and managers as they start to increase their efforts in
achieving their goals which they couldn’t as they gave up on them due to the extremely challenging nature of
the goal and objectives they were planning to achieve and had stopped after failing by attempting to accomplish
the goals but getting the right motivation from people like Mr. Munjal his organizations culture has changed to
increasing their employees willingness to work and make difficult things achievable and there by getting higher
rewards in terms of sales and profit for the company and benefits the employees by becoming more competitive
and giving them higher job positions and preparing them to take higher amount of responsibilities and bring
growth and value to the organization as well as to their individual life making them more successful and hungry
to achieve higher aims and set an example for others.
Disciplined: Mr. Munjal is a person who likes to be disciplined in life and specially at work even though he is
in his 90’s age when people at such age try to make their health better to make their life livable Mr. Munjal
because of his discipline has ensured he does not catch major diseases by avoiding inactive lifestyle choices and
unhealthy eating habits that could have had become a hinderance in his entrepreneurial journey. Thankfully Mr.
Munjal is a prudent man and know the importance of heath in building a professional carrier and helps him to
keep his focus on his business solely as he does not have any distractions that could prevent him to reduce his
productivity at work.
Disciple habits like coming at work every day and working for full time office hours and sometimes more helps
him to stay ahead of his competitors as additional hours of attention given by him to his business makes it create
a slightly better competitive advantage in terms of quality and innovations in the products. All of the above
traits of Mr. Munjal bring a high amount of motivation in his organization as his employees get inspired by Mr.
Munjal’s approach to his work life and ability to maintain a perfect balance between work and personal life that
helps them to give their maximum efficiency to the organization and take care of themselves as Mr. Munjal says
A healthy body is a place for healthy mind, this encourages the employees to keep their lifestyle choices very
healthy and safe as it helps them to give their true focus to work without getting affected by issues like health
and various other distraction that will reduce the productivity of their professional carrier.
This makes the employees of Hero MotoCorp to take care of themselves and give their best performances at
work because of the motivation received by Mr. Munjal he has a disciplined attitude towards work which makes
him invest more time at his job and not run away from his responsibilities and work as he know how important
being consistent and disciplined in life will help to achieve success in any field, this positive mindset and
attitude has change the perception of work in the minds of employees at Hero MotoCorp and have made work a
part of their life not just to make a living but instead grow as a professional and become successful by choosing
discipline to stay focused in life and have made Hero MotoCorp a successful organization by implementing the
values learned from their bosses in the company use them in their jobs which helps the organization grow giving
mutual benefit to both the employees and the company as well and saves a lot of time of the organization from
getting wasted on unproductive activities, thereby making the operations of the company resulting in high sales
and production figures of the organization.

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Conclusion: It can be said that entrepreneurial traits and skill of successful entrepreneurs help their
organization and their employees to get a sense of right direction and gives them a guiding light to where the
organization is heading to and what needs to be done for reaching the desired goals and objectives of the
organization using various encouraging activities done by the entrepreneurs that motivates the entire workforce
to follow the footsteps of their bosses to become more successful in life and create value for their organization
and brings out their core competency by realizing the true potential which was undiscovered by the individuals
themselves and got to know it by the help of the entrepreneurial traits and skills that motivated the employees
to step out of their comfort zone and challenge themselves to bring out the best versions of themselves and
become more successful and bring growth in the organization they work for and inspire people around them to
build their carrier and work hard towards achieving their desired goals.

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Background and experience of various entrepreneur that can hinder and foster the entrepreneurship
here are some list of entrepreneurs Mr. V.G. Siddhartha and Mr. Brijmohan Lall Munjal whose
experiences and background have been explained below with each having various affects like hindering
or fostering their entrepreneurship experience: The author has also critically evaluated how background
and experience influences entrepreneurs, both positively and negatively, by comparing and contrasting
examples:-
V.G. Siddhartha is the founder/owner of the brand café coffee day which is a coffee chain started by him
in India the background and experiences of V.G. Siddhartha has fostered the company’s success in many ways.
V.G. Siddhartha was born and brought up in and family in Bangalore city of Karnataka state in India and had a
family business of agriculture that was growing and cultivating coffee beans on the 250 acre area of land
owned by his family and was selling coffee beans across India and exporting them across various nations
across the globe V.G. Siddhartha was working in his family business which taught him various ways of
growing coffee beans and learning various techniques to improve the quality of the coffee beans while growing
them and how much efforts needs to be exerted by the farmers to achieve a level of quality in their products to
standardize the taste and consistency of their agriculture produce thereby making more sales as people loved
the original taste of coffee beans grown by them and gave them huge revenue.
This has fostered his entrepreneurship experience because as he was learning about various trade secrets about
growing coffee beans have helped him to make his brand café coffee day to bring out the best quality of coffee
beans to make their coffee to ensure their customers enjoy the same taste throughout the outlets of CCD across
the globe due to the business of growing coffee beans has been inherited by V.G. Siddhartha and has been
expanded by him significantly and today the brand owns 20000 acres of agriculture land for growing various
types of coffee beans which are shipped to all the outlets of CCD’s across the globe.
V.G. Siddhartha’s experience in a business so closely related to his current business startup of CCD has
fostered his carrier by teaching him how to maintain the consistency of coffee beans which is the raw material
for his business and various techniques to enhance its flavors and quality which gives him a competitive
advantage over other brands as their owners are not from such a background and don’t have much of control
over their taste of coffee as their raw material are sourced from various sources and don’t have a consistency in
taste across their outlets as the region of business change there is a slight difference in taste of their products
but this gives CCD a competitive advantage over other brands as their customers are very much addicted to
their consistency of their coffee and almost visit the place daily which makes them stick to the bran for long
term and not shift their brand loyalty.
Having an experience of owning an agriculture business of growing coffee it helps V.G. Siddhartha to price his
products very competitively and still make good profits out of it as their cost of raw material is very low
compared to other brans due to in house production of coffee beans which has made the owner to grow his
business and serve coffee to almost person in Tier 1 and Tier 2 cities as they have the purchasing power and a
liking towards caffeinated beverage as a part of their daily routine. V.G. Siddhartha also has earned a master’s
degree in economics from the university of Karnataka in his early days which has helped him to understand
how to position his brand in the economy and which regions and demographics will give positive response
towards the brand and help to raise the profit levels of the company and increase its popularity in the market
helping to capture more market share.

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Due to mastering in studying in economics and having an experience of working in an huge finance firm named
JM Finance in Mumbai has helped him to understand various techniques and develop various strategies to raise
capital for his business in his early days when he opened his first café in Karnataka with the help of his
family(father) who had given him INR 5 lakhs to start his own business had been used by him to set up his first
café which turned out to be a huge success as the concept of having coffee and snacks with friends, family and
collogues, etc. at a good place where they could sit and enjoy for their beverage and snacks and sit for long
hours without being told by anyone to leave the premises after finishing the meal made this very desirable to the
people and soon due to lack of such places CCD’s only branch started getting overcrowded and seeing such high
demand for his business made V.G. Siddhartha to expand across various cities in the state of Karnataka, which
required higher amount of capital which couldn’t be raised by the help of family alone.
So he decide to go public to raise fund for his startup’s expansion due to the lucrative business it was the skills
of raising finance by V.G. Siddhartha he could crack very benefiting deals for the brands and gave investors
offers that were hard to resist even though high risk was involved in the business still he managed to raise huge
sum of capital and made the brand so successful gradually over the periods of 25 years and spread across
various nations to rev up their revenue and globalization was a success because of the formal education V.G.
Siddhartha acquired which helped him to understand various economy’s around the globe and spread into places
where he analyzed there will be huge demand for his business has been possible due to his deep knowledge
about the economics.
His experience in working at a finance organization has made his need for raising the capital without losing his
control over the business and giving ownership to various investors in exchange of funds and cracking excellent
deals for the business growth and expansion. Family support has always been a major driving force for his
success and has helped him to sow the seed for his brand which turned out to be an excellent business model
was started by support from his family who believed in his decisions and choices he made even though he could
have lived comfortably by running his inherited business he didn’t wanted to settle with that and wanted to do
something of his own and give his ideas shape and possibility, his family played a major role in his experience
by supporting him financially and emotionally to grow in life and do something which would change the
industry.
For example if V.G. Siddhartha didn’t have had a experience in agriculture business and would have an
education background of being a hardware engineer and a family full of members who had jobs in various
companies and not owned a business would have had significantly negative impact on his entrepreneurship
carrier as he would not have been able to understand the fundaments of finance and economy due to having a
complete irrelevant background needed for running a café business which requires more of business knowledge
than technological and scientific understanding the startup of Café coffee day would not have been possible to
survive and grow for a long period of time as there would not be any support from business experience and
commercial industry knowledge about finance would have made the company surer in a lot of overhead
expenses and take un-supporting financial decisions which would lead to shut down or failure of business soon.
Also if there would have been no support from his family being service class people the initial capital which was
the seed for the success of CCD would not have been possible due to low income and low savings. Overall the
background and experience of V.G. Siddhartha was quite favorable for him to make his business a huge success
and fostered his entrepreneurial carrier by giving a great push to soar and achieve the desired business by V.G.
Siddhartha.

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V.G. Siddhartha has learned how to manage a successful business right from scratch which has allowed
him to experience the highs and lows in his carries which gave him a lot of positive and negative way.
V.G. Siddhartha has learned how to manage his business from every single aspect of it as he has not
inherited this business and has put his own hard work and efforts to make his brand huge success. V.G.
Siddhartha knows his company very well and can take contingency approaches if he feels there are any
risks that are arising to his business as he exactly know his companies strengths and weaknesses and how
the strength can be used to mitigate the risks and not leave his business vulnerable for risks and attach
its weaknesses which helps to increase his core competency and gives rise to more contingent mindset as
V.G. Siddhartha is a risk loving person and has achieved success only by taking risks and working hard
to make the risks pay him back in terms of rewards that was the growth in his business.
V.G. Siddhartha has various secrets about growing coffee from his family business and can alter the
coffee taste and texture as per the customers preferences, which gives him an competitive advantage and
make his brand unique in it operations. V.G. Siddhartha worked in a financial company known as JM
financial that taught him how to invest and analyze the market based upon the trends and various other
factors which now helps him to raise his share value by using those techniques used by large firms and
keep a control on their shares to protect their investors. V.G. Siddhartha has experience of running a
business as he has been brought up in an family that had their own business which gives him a sound
background to and experience to make his business management and growth even at personalized levels
and has a clear idea about how to deal with the employees and how to make them work more efficiently
and raise their productively. With the help of using various communications techniques he learned from
selling his company’s ownership to various investors have taught him how to convince even the toughest
people so employees being his own staff, it becomes even more easier for him to persuade them to
perform better as they are offered perks and incentives so smartly by V.G. Siddhartha that the
organization stays at a win- win situation and at the same time the employee feels the benefit to which
motivates them to work even harder. The agriculture farm owned by V.G. Siddhartha has been
modernized and expanded by him and now grows various fruits also which they sell at their outlet
seasonally and helps him utilize the spaces where coffee beans can’t be grown and turn them into profits
as well as CSR activities like protecting the environment.
As V.G. Siddhartha has attained formal education in Masters of economics it only helps him to
understand the economy and what are the opportunities for the business from the economy but does not
know how to capitalize on them as he is specific and passionate about his own business which was his
dream and vision to start. So he lacks interests from other businesses that are even more profitable than
the business and have a higher return on investment but V.G. Siddhartha does not invest in other
industries as his experience of investing in a stock brokerage firm was a learning curve for him, his
company could not survive as Mr. V.G. Siddhartha had only experience in investing in the stock market
but when he actually started his business he could not handle it and led to shut down this made him set
his mind that other fie of businesses are not his cup of tea and focused only on the business that he truly
desired. But in reality V.G. Siddhartha didn’t take one significant experience that you not just have to be
educated to run a business but also need to have an actual experience and dip your toes in the business.
Failure does not mean the end it is an process of learning from the mistakes and avoid them to succeed in
the future and not give up easily on it. V.G. Siddhartha has a drawback that he can’t deal effectively
with failures and that makes him hand away his success easily.

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Brijmohan Lall Munjal is the founder/Chairman of Hero MotoCorp and has founded the company in the
year 1978 in India and opened his first branch in Haryana close to Punjab. The following explains how the
background experience of Mr. Brijmohan Lall Munjal fostered his entrepreneurship and company’s success
which it is in today’s date and still growing.
Mr. Munjal was born in 1924 in Kamalia which is a part of Pakistan, but during that time it was under the
national boundary of India and was considered a part of India. When India was under the British rule and didn’t
had its own independent government it lead to partition of Pakistan and India due to which Mr. Munjal and his
family were forced to shift to India in 1944 (when Mr. Munjal was 20 years old) during the partition period
between both the nations, Mr. Munjal along with his mother and brother came to Ludhiana which was an
already a vital center for Indian motorcycle business.
Initially Mr. Munjal’s brother started his own bicycle part manufacturing company and use to manufacture only
bicycle parts which Mr. Munjal used to carry around the state to show the samples to various bicycle
manufacturers and explain them that what they see in the samples is what will be in the final delivery of the
products and the quality levels will be at par with the samples shown which helped Mr. Munjal to build trust of
the manufacturers of bicycle as during that time cheating the manufacturers by showing good samples and
delivering poor quality spare parts was a common practice followed by majority of bicycle part manufacturers
which made the actual bicycle manufacturers concerned and hesitated to buy from any new supplier, but as Mr.
Munjal was a man of his word slowly he started receiving orders as he convinced and proved various dealers
across Ludhiana and the entire state of Punjab as he was famous for his quality of spare parts and many dealers
soon approached him to give him huge orders for their companies as he was the one who could be trusted
easily seeing the past record of deliveries made by him to reputed manufacturers of bicycles and how their
sales boosted quickly. Later on the manufacturers demanded more new type of bicycle parts and demanded
improvements and advancements constantly which forced Mr. Munjal to develop an innovative mindset to
ensure he does not miss the market opportunity due to lack of modernizing his business products. Soon the
requirements of the dealers were fulfilled as Mr. Munjal Adopted new technologies in his business and hired
more people to fulfill higher demands for better quality parts.
This taught Mr. Munjal how to successfully market his products and convince people by staying true to your
own business and build trust to maintain sustainability in the business and not do any sort of malpractice to get
short term profits that are higher instead aim for maintaining stronger ties with other businesses by delivering
the best in the particular price range which will force the buyers to stick to the brand without trying hard to
persuade them to buy the products. Hero MotoCorp believes in delivering the best and the most reliable
motorcycles and bicycles to its customers with a price that is unbeatable from other competitors and it has been
possible due to the core values imbibed by the Founder Mr. Munjal in the company which has built the trust of
their customers and every time the customers are surprised when Hero MotoCorp launches a new product with
such an aggressive pricing and delivers more than expected by the cutometers who are buying the products in
that price range and has given the company a significant boost in sales and rise in share prices as the reputation
the brand holds in the market and is known for its reliability and past performances.

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Mr. Munjal learned very effective communication skills as he approached various businesses owners and
cracked successful deals with them by communicating the benefits of their bicycle parts over any other
competitors products in the similar price range. Today at Hero under commitment and over delivery is what has
helped them to always satisfy their customers across the globe and build a strong reputation as the employees of
Hero are very effective communicators and absorbs knowledge from their founder to be successful in life. Due
to excellent relations maintained by Mr. Munjal with his stakeholders from the very beginning has enabled him
to make his company very smooth in its operations.
As Mr. Munjal has learned how crucial it is to keep his stakeholders happy be it the suppliers, customers,
investors or the employees. As they are the pillars of each organization and in order to function correctly none
of them can be missed and should be treated with respect and appreciate their efforts as they make the brand
grow to heights which it is on today so forgetting about the foundation after reaching heights is not a thinking of
Mr. Munjal instead he tries to satisfies his each stakeholder by giving maximum contributions from his business
to them and appreciate their efforts in return, the brand receives high priority and better quality products as the
suppliers are paid well and are not negotiated below the industry standards and gives them enough share of
profit to serve Hero with its best services which helps the company to constantly raise their quality levels in
their products and fulfill such a high market demand successfully because of the experience of Mr. Munjal of
dealing with his associates by building strong relationships and trust with them and in return receiving the kind
of favor each one of them could offer to him.
Mr. Munjal has always worked very hard and knows hard work never goes in vein by analyzing his personal
experiences and uses this mindset to give the maximum work hours to his business which gives him the rewards
in terms of rising profits, capturing more market share by Hero MotoCorp which is already 41% of the entire
Indian motorcycle industry and is growing @ of 1-2% each year. Mr. Munjal never practices to use substandard
products for his business in the greed of earning higher margins of profits but from his past experiences he has
learned that quality is what people want and not to be cheated which forces them to shift brand loyalty. In case
of Hero MotoCorp the founder himself is a firm believer of supplying best quality and reflects his intentions in
the products of his brands that are reliable, affordable, and modern which has made the company grow and
increase its sales as their primary motive is to provide maximum customer satisfaction and is said to bring in
profits directly if the customers are satisfied successfully.
Mr. Munjal always pays his suppliers on time which helps the company to maintain excellent inventory levels
and reduce their cost of maintaining high levels of inventory above its buffer stock levels. It is because the
suppliers have excellent rapport with the business and are always ready to give priority deliveries to Hero Moto
Corp as they know they will get paid quickly and fairly. This has allowed Hero to become the largest
motorcycle manufacturer in the entire world as good quality is backed with great delivery time and satisfying
large demands in a short period of time and not letting the customers shift brands easily.
The employees at Hero are very hardworking and have been given flexibility in functioning as Mr. Munjal has
learned from his part experience that employees perform better when they are asked to reach the end goals and
use flexible approaches which are comfortable with as long as they deliver on time and maintain the quality
demanded at work. Mr. Munjal uses his communication skills to interact with each of his employees and
discuss about the progress and takes recommendation about the changes they want to see in the management so
they could perform better which makes the company increase its core competency and make it majorly
impossible to not function and coordinate smoothly as each employee at Hero has been given the right to speak
and share his opinion being blunt and realistic.

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As the business of bicycle parts were growing Mr. Munjal and his brother decided to open a new company in
1947 when India was declared an independent nation and various industries were on the rise on the national
level. Munjal brothers decided to take a risk of opening a manufacturing company for producing motorbikes
parts like handlebars, front forks for suspension, chains, side guards and drum brakes. As the risk had a reason
why the brothers invested in a new company, there was a rise in demand for motorbikes parts as there were
only few suppliers who weren’t able to deliver on time due to inefficiency and lack of large production plants
that could cater the entire demand which was raising the cost for motorcycle parts as only few companies could
deliver the spare parts of the higher quality levels and in the required quantity but they charged a premium for
their products as capitalizing on the opportunity of being a type of monopolistic company which produces
desired products in the market only with a few competitors and gave them a power to set unrealistic prices and
make a fortune.
Munjal brothers identified the opportunity and started to produce the spare parts which were of superior quality
as they had good relations with the suppliers from previous business and gave them an competitive advantage
to price their products at a very aggressive rates as they could manufacture at controlled costs and as Mr.
Munjal was not a greedy person he decided to sell their products at normal margins of profits and pricing their
products lower than the competitors even though they produced similar or higher quality of products still the
pricing was kept affordable so more customers of the existing brands will shift their brand loyalty due to the
significant benefits they were receiving from Mr. Munjal’s company and even the delivery times were much
more convenient than the competitors so the demand was normalized soon. After successfully establishing the
business Mr. Munjal decided to grow even more and not stop at that level and transformed their company from
being a mere distributer of motor-parts to full time manufacturers of motor-parts in 1952. This has taught Mr.
Munjal to analyze the market very well and take risks into ventures that will succeed seeing its scope and
current capacity to cater the demand and the level of rise in the demand in the coming years. Also it has taught
Mr. Munjal to become financially prudent and only take risks that are not going to affect the existing business
severely of it fails to succeed.
It has also made Hero Moto Corp to stay true to the values imbibed by their founder/chairmen that the company
should never exploit their customers no matter how beneficial it is as it won’t last for long period of time and
the growth of the company will suffer shortly as learned from his own experience as he made the other
competitors during 1952 to reduce their prices if they wanted to survive and compete in the market and gave
the power to Mr. Munjal’s company to make the industry follow corporate ethics and showed the true power of
staying ethical and satisfying the customer’s needs.

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Today Hero MotoCorp has been able to successfully able to become such a successful moto company as it
trusted the power of focusing on the values and ethics of the company and kept profits secondary to make sure
their first priority remains on achieving maximum customer satisfaction and to make it happen they constantly
work hard to make their products more better over the time and give try the customers maximum features and
power in the products at that price point which will be very tough to compete with and has made the brand the
largest manufacturer of motorcycles as the products made by them are renowned for the quality levels and
reliability across the globe where the brand is present. Investing in the right opportunity at the right time has
made Hero very profitable as the company knows which business will generate maximum return on their
investment and what is the scope of it in the future. As Mr. Munjal is a self-made person and has not inherited
his business he knows exactly what is happening even in the smallest unit of his organization and in what ways
could he improve the core competency by eliminating minor errors in the organization which are resisting the
growth and will result positively as soon as resolved.
As the company of Mr. Munjal and his brother achieved great success Munjal brothers company was offered by
Honda Motor Company, Largest Motorbike manufacturer of Japan to team up and form a joint organization and
name it HERO-HONDA Ltd. The offer was accepted and Honda started to manufacture motorbikes with the
help of HERO and used their spare parts in their motorbikes and shared the technology and product
development capabilities with HERO as they were a single organization. Later after successfully growing in the
Indian Market HONDA decided to break its ties with HERO MotoCorp in 2011 which 26 years of success
together, due to the clash of making scooters as said by HERO but HONDA didn’t wanted to make scooters and
make motorbikes only also HONDA in later stages stared to create friction in sharing technology with HERO
which made Mr. Munjal to convince them avoid such activities but after various unsuccessful attempts HERO
decided to back off and exit the ties with Honda finally.
At this time hero was fully ready to start its own line of 2 wheelers including scooters an motorbikes which
made them a direct competitor of HONDA from business partners. HERO brought all the stakes of HONDA
when they exited the company. But it was the knowledge and wisdom of Mr. Munjal that gave the investors the
confidence that the company will survive the breakup with HONDA. It was proven to be true what the investors
believed, 5 years later after the split with Honda Hero MotoCorp retained its dominance in the motorcycle
category and since then it has been able to develop its technological and product development technology
consistently and effectively. This taught Mr. Munjal that if a person believes the power of his brand no other
entity can stop you from achieving what you have aimed for and always keep growing and sometimes you need
to sacrifice major things for getting even better things in the future. This mindset has kept HERO always above
their competitors even after facing such highs and lows it has not let it affect the survivability of the company.

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Brijmohan Lall Munjal is a successful entrepreneur who didn’t had a supporting background to start his
own start up. His family didn’t had any businessmen from automotive industry and later when he and his
brother stepped outside in the market they realized that there is a scope of bicycle parts distribution
business they invested in a small bicycle part manufacturing company which turned into huge success as
they provided cheaper and superior quality spares and marketed them with the help of Mr. Munjal as he
went across various manufacturing companies of bicycle to show their samples and assured them what
they saw is what will be delivery or else they won’t chare a single penny for the entire delivery which
taught him an important lesson of selling anything in the market and persuade people by developing
selling skills which made him a excellent sales person and gives boost to his business directly. Mr. Munjal
is an ethical person as it has helped him grow from level 0 to 100 and he understood the value of being
ethical and focus on customer satisfaction and keep profits secondary which has helped his brand to
become the largest manufacturer of motorbikes in the entire world with the help of his pricing skills for
his products that are unbeatable and gives cut throat competition to their rivals and even forces them
reduce their prices to give rise to more customer base and increase the market share.
Mr. Munjal is an excellent communicator and a relationship oriented person, which is a skill he
developed in his earlier days of business as only by maintaining healthy communications and maintaining
the trust of the customers by delivering the best possible product in that price. Today at Hero Mr.
Munjal maintains healthy relations with his suppliers and other associates of the business which has
helped him to maintain customer satisfaction from the brand and give rise to loyal customers who only
support Hero in terms of the quality and service they provide at an incredible price which lures their
customers to buy Hero’s Products only. Mr. Munjal maintains excellent relations with his suppliers and
makes sure they are paid fairly and timely no matter how much the company is low in finances which has
resulted in the company to maintain lean levels of inventory and order as per their requirements and get
the delivery only of the selected raw material which comes at negligible defect rates as the suppliers are
motivated to provide best quality products to Hero MotoCorp and helps them to make their operations
leaner and satisfy the demands from millions of customers across the globe and to deliver each and every
demand suppliers have played an crucial role and relations have helped Mr. Munjal to grow such a big
empire with the help of strengthening relations with each level of the organization and maximize his
organizational productivity as it is necessary for them to produce large quantities of 2wheeler as they
alone have a market share of 46% in the Indian market for 2wheeler segment.
Mr. Munjal faced various difficulties during his initial days when he had no experience how to run a
business as he comes from an army background and worked for the Indian Army when he was young
where he developed his skills and traits of being hard working and disciplined. This has been proving to
be impacting Mr. Munjal positively and negatively as well. Mr. Munjal does not know how much to work
hard and in proportion to working smart as a army man’s mindset does work in a direction of working
harder and harder without thinking about the results as they are trained to give their maximum energy
to do their jobs and safe guard the nation, he has also adopted army lifestyle of being disciplined in what
to do which makes him work fully dedicatedly on every task he receives till date and this affects his
productivity and efficiency levels as he is not able to prioritize his work based upon the importance and
time limit he engages himself deeply into whatever he does and want’s perfection even in least important
things. This makes Mr. Munjal miss various investment opportunities as they are time bound and
requires quick responses but Mr. Munjal plays safe in business and likes to study about any investment
in depth before investing in it which requires a lot of time and makes the opportunities grabbed by

77
someone else and consume its benefits. Mr. Munjal does not have a formal education and manages his
staff only by the help of management skills he developed managing his own businesses and picked what
were the best techniques of management used by him and implements them at Hero MotoCorp but the
problem is the management techniques he has works excellent for small businesses where the operations
aren’t that complex compared to Large businesses like Hero Moto Corp which has diverse jobs by
various people and needs to be managed using various techniques this is the reason Mr. Munjal has spent
more than usual amount on employing managers who have a in depth knowledge about their field and
can handle the respective departments with utmost care. Mr. Munjal doesn’t know about the core
knowledge about the products he produces as he lacks formal education and don’t understand about
mechanics and engineering which limits him to give suggestions on technical department of the business
due to lack of knowledge in technology and manufacturing. Mr. Munjal also can’t advise the Research
and development department of Hero and depends completely on his. Professional managers by
delegating this job to them and ask them to be extra careful while making decisions and think as owner
of the company will it be successful or not at large. This ways lack of formal education creates a problem
for Mr. Munjal but he uses his prudence to mitigate the adverse effects of such factors an still has made
the company remarkable and has proved formal education only smoothens the process of entrepreneur
and not decide the future of entrepreneur. But Hero is majorly a manager driven company because the
vital areas of the business are handled and cared by executive managers and makes Mr. Munjal’s control
over the organization a little weaker.

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Ms. Chetna Sinha is the founder of Mann Deshi Mahila Bank that has a total working capital of INR 111
crores+, 8 branches across different rural villages. The bank has a repayment rate of 96% of their loans given on
subsidized rates. The total amount of loans given till date is INR 500 crore+.
However the bank would have been more successful if the experience and background of the chairman/founder
would not have hindered her entrepreneurial carrier. When the bank was founded by Mrs. Sinha she was not
having a huge amount of capital which is required to start a bank usually but due to this experience she could
only raise a small amount of capital for the bank that was around INR 7-8 Lakhs which made the bank start
from a very small scale and didn’t had much scope for expansion and was limited to a its presence only in a
small village of Satara where they operated on a very small scale and also the experience of Mr. Sinha is that
she has achieved her master’s in economics from the University of Mumbai which does not give her proper idea
about banking rules and regulations acts implemented on the business and faced a lot of difficulties to file their
taxes and annual reports on time due to lack of professionals in the bank and needed more chartered accountants
in the organization to maintain their books of accounts which was done by normal accountants which gave the
bank various scrutiny from the income tax departments wasting a lot of time of the organization that could have
been utilize on productive activities for the growth and smoothening operations of the bank for better serving
the society. Mrs. Sinha already had a job of a motivational speaker for various women which took a lot of her
time and efforts out of the organization and hindered in the growth of the company.
Mrs. Sinha faced a lot of troubles from the government before starting the organization as her application, in
1996, was rejected by Reserve Bank of India that regulates each bank in the country and gives guidelines for
their operations and activities and a list of do’s and don’ts, to start a bank for rural women, on the grounds that
some of the promoting members who were involved with Mrs. Sinha were illiterate and couldn’t handle a bank
which gave her a set back and had to return back with empty hands and dejected, but after getting pushed by
other villagers to organize literacy classes for those non-literate members to get education and gain knowledge
after successfully getting basic education and literacy she went back to the Reserve Bank of India with a fresh
new application after 2 years which got accepted by the Reserve Bank of India as their grounds and criteria were
met to open a Bank but still reality was tough and managing became a hassle in the initial periods of the bank
and it also wasn’t supported by other social activist of that area as the bank was biased towards women and
created a sense of inequality within the village and they were demotivated to do businesses as women were
getting more credit facilities from the bank and created problems for the men who were conducting businesses
over there in the village of Satara which had created a lot of controversies among the villagers and no donors
were motivated to donate the amount to the bank as it wasn’t like by the men of that area and not women were
rich enough to support the operation of the bank and help them achieve their goals. All of the above problems
hindered the growth of Mann Deshi Mahila Bank and the entrepreneurial experience of Mrs. Chetna Sinha she
wasn’t supported by majority and she didn’t had ability to raise funds at a large scale and send message to the
society about the benefits of the bank for the social economy at large and this is the reason why it is still a micro
finance bank even after 20 years in the market due to a very small entry in the market and unable to grow in the
business and not spread across India to deliver their services to the rest of the women of the rural society in
India and there are thousands of places as such in India where banks like Mann Deshi Mahila Bank are needed
but due to lack of capital and resources the bank can’t grow like larger banks which keeps the motive of the
bank limited to very small areas of operations and has a huge way to go and penetrate rural regions across India
and define the true purpose of setting up the bank.

79
For example if Mrs. Sinha would have been a chartered accountant by professions and knew all the laws and
regulations about the banking industry alongside with educated people who were financing her activity of
setting up a cooperative bank and had higher amount of capital raising capacity the bank’s application to the
RBI would not have been rejected and might have been supported by the government as seeing the positive
effects of banks like such. This would have helped the bank to grow in various regions and villages of India as
the bank would have great capital strength and smoother operations which would increase the quality of services
offered by the bank and would reach to even more people and have had a larger scale of operations.
Also if Mrs. Sinha would have used various fund raises techniques for the bank it would have been more
successful as the growth rate would have increased significantly but due to lack of proper exposure in
conducting a cooperative banking organizations operations the bank has suffered from a very low rate of growth
and expansion in 20 years the bank’s presence is only in 8-10 rural villages which is quite slow compared to
other cooperative banks who have received govt. support have raised their revenues significantly and have
deeply penetrated the rural regions of India and making a great success in creating welfare and uplifting the
society. The bank would have performed even better of Mrs. Chetna Sinha could give her entire focus and
dedication towards the bank and would have not got indulge in any other social services she provides and only
focused on the growth of the bank would have resulted in much better banking from Mann Deshi Mahila Bank.
Ms. Chetna Sinha has a very rough experience when she was establishing her bank and used a
combination of skills, traits, background and experience for becoming an successful entrepreneur and
building a successful bank dedicated to upliftment of rural women.
Ms. Chetna Sinha was a social activist right from the beginning from her carrier and always had a
helpful and caring nature which allowed her to proceed further in her carrier. Ms. Sinha was once
approached by a lady who was rejected by a private bank for opening a saving account and was not
catered the essential banking services to make her save her money in an bank account and get a locker to
store her valuables but as the women came from a rural part of the village and didn’t had enough money
required by the private bank she was rejected by them on these grounds being a social worker who
worked for various welfare activities the lady met Ms. Sinha and told her about the problems she faced
and then Ms. Sinha Realized after researching how rural women are not eligible to get essential banking
services and gave a desire to Ms. Sinha that she wanted all the women who are facing this issue can be
solved by her. This gave rise to Mann Deshi Mahila Bank.
The dream of thousands of rural women came true as they finally got a bank that is for them and by their
people. Ms. Sinha was very dedicated and self-motivated to open this bank and run it for the social cause.
The bank became successful as she was very focused and dedicated towards achieving the objective of the
bank and attract various rural women. Today the banks has 200000+ Account holders and still growing,
it’s been 22 years since the bank is open she is still the chairman of the bank and is continuing to work for
the society and provide welfare the major contribution in it is that Ms. Sinha wasn’t distracted by other
activities of her life and didn’t leave the company later the major drivers for the sustainability in the
company is she is dedicated and passionate about the organization she has established . This made her
stick to the bank’s growth and operations which has improved significantly from her past experience of
not complying government regulations for a bank and using incorrect methods and applying wrong acts
and mistaking companies act of 1956 with banking regulations act of India. Ms. Sinha used her helping
characteristics to motivate various people from different rural region to spread awareness about the bank
and why it was important for them to have a bank account.

Ms. Sinha faced various issues while running and setting up her banking business. She wen tot the RBI
for granting a permission to start a bank and the application was rejected as the group that had invested
in the bank to raise its capital and become the members of the bank were uneducated and this reason
caused RBI to reject their application she then had to go back to her village and educate those people to
learn basic education and after successfully giving basic education to them she went back to RBI with a
fresh form and had all the eligibility criteria met and the members were educated this made her learn not
to give up even in tough times and face the obstacles as a part of learning experience. When she got the
permission from the Reserve Bank of India(RBI) to start a bank she established It in 1997 and it became
the first rural cooperative bank for women in India. Due to her background and coming from a social
activist background and having a Masters economics degree, she lacked a job experience and made her
unable to comply with the government acts and regulations related to banking sector as she didn’t had
and job experience of working in a bank and didn’t possessed accounting skills like chartered accountant
and they weren’t able to comply with the regulations regarding the maintaining the books of accounts
and they followed companies act of 1956 to maintain their books of account instead following the banking
regulations act of India which is completely different from companies act. This imposed heavy penalty on
the bank as unable to maintain the financial documents this impacted the finances of the bank
significantly as they weren’t that strong with their balance in the organizations account and created a
major dent in their account which took time to recover. Due to having a helping personality she didn’t
used the banks funds to pay for her salary and used it for betterment of the society which helped the
bank significantly as they were low on finances during that time when they were growing and needed
every rupee to sustain their operations and an ability to give up things made Sinha a beneficial
entrepreneur for Mann Deshi Mahila Bank.
Ms. Sinha wasn’t a good communicator as she wasn’t able to spread the positive outcomes of the bank
while in the growth stage and due to that the bank still suffers from low growth rate compared to other
cooperative banks that were started 25 years ago with Mann Deshi Mahila Bank. Chetna Sinha does not
have skills required to manage a business as it is her first time she is got in a business that to the one
which requires most amount of paper work and legal formalities where she lacked and suffered due to it.
During her initial days she had to learn a lot about the banks law and regulations which took her
significant time from the day and she couldn’t work in those hours for expanding the bank and doing
various marketing activities and approaching various villagers to give benefit but due to lack of
marketing skills and knowledge about the bank completely she couldn’t create high level of awareness
and the benefits didn’t reach to as many people as desired which sort of missed the purpose of
establishing the bank. Ms. Sinha had the skills to hire new people as she herself wasn’t aware what to
expect from an employee and for which position to hire him. Ms. Sinha didn’t had any relations with
people outside the people she meets except work which affected her negatively as she couldn’t use her
fund raising skills and ability to make the operations of the bank start at a higher level and not at such an
extremely rugged start. Ms. Chetna Sinha didn’t had appropriate skills of management and lacked in
managing day to day activities of the business and was a leader by nature and not a manager which
caused a need for a bank manger but due to lack of risk taking ability the company couldn’t invest in its
own basic operations and couldn’t hire a branch manager as it would be very expensive to pay him the
money management skills of Ms. Chetna were not good as she didn’t intended to save for herself and
80

invest into profitable activities as she was more in social activities and even gave what she had with her to
make her vison come true by helping people. But being visionary didn’t helped Ms. Sinha as she wasn’t
backed up with other skills of entrepreneurs like prudent with money, good people skills, high
persuading skills to sell their products etc. She had no one from for background who works for a banking
firm and could help her with it. This was because she limited herself to talk to less people and focus on
work more but working more did negatively impact the entrepreneur as she couldn’t create a network of
people who would helped her during such period of time but lacking communication and relation
building ability restricted her to grow and not find new opportunity for her business.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that past experiences and background of an entrepreneur has direct relation
with his level of success and the support he gets from their sources family, friends and collogues play a vital
role in driving an organization through successful endeavors and each milestone could be achieve very easily if
the factors like background and experiences are favorable to the entrepreneur during his growth stage of his
startup. Hence each entrepreneur should analyze his background and experiences experience before stepping
into any venture and startups as it can decide their future and how successful they will be and how long could
they sustain their businesses using their experiences and background as a base to achieve success. Critically
analyzing the background and experiences of own self can help the entrepreneur decide what type of business
ideas are suitable and favorable for him if they decide to make their business ideas into a hardcore reality and
become actually successful in their carrier.
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Authors conclusion:
The author has Examined different types of entrepreneurial ventures and explained how they relate to the
typology of entrepreneurship. The author has also explored the similarities and differences between
entrepreneurial ventures. The author has also investigated a diverse range of entrepreneurial ventures to
demonstrate how entrepreneurship in both the public and corporate sector are. The author has learned to
interpret and assess data and statistics to illustrate how micro and small businesses impact on the economy and
has gained knowledge extensively and know how each level of business impacts differently on the economy.
The author has also explained the importance of small businesses and business start-ups to the growth of the
social economy of India and how it is crucial to be present in the economy. The author has learned to determine
the characteristics traits and skills of successful entrepreneurs that differentiate them from other business
managers and what successful traits and skills drove their company to success and gave the author a good
learning experience for improving himself in various skills and develop various traits to be successful in future
at his work. The author has examined, using relevant examples, how background and experience can hinder or
foster various entrepreneurships.
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