AACDS 1.1 Dermal Science Theory Part B Workbook: Light-Based Therapies

This document is an AACDS (Australasian Academy of Cosmetic Dermal Science) workbook for the 1.1 Dermal Science Theory, Part B, focusing on Light-Based Therapies and IPL/Laser Safety. The workbook consists of tutorial activities covering topics such as absorption coefficient graphs, laser and light physics, IPL permanent hair reduction, and the Fitzpatrick skin scale. It includes questions and answers related to wavelengths, chromophores, skin penetration, hair reduction methods, skin types, and the safety of IPL treatments. The workbook assesses the student's understanding of dermal science theory and prepares them for the part B exam. The document also includes a coversheet detailing student and course information, assessment policies, and grading criteria. The activities involve answering true/false questions, completing a crossword, and answering questions on hair reduction and skin classification to demonstrate the student's understanding of the subject matter.

TUTORIAL ACTIVITY WORKBOOK
PART B – LIGHT–BASED THERAPIES AND IPL/LASER
SAFETY OFFICERS CERTIFICATE
This tutorial activity workbook consists of 8 activities relating to each lecture of unit 1.1. Dermal Science Theory, part B – Light-
Based Therapies and IPL/Laser Safety Officer
This workbook has to be completed and submitted to your assessor PRIOR to completing the part B exam
Please click in the shaded areas to answer the questions.
Please note that areas in green are for assessors only
No part of this manual may be reproduced by photocopying or any other means without written permission from the Australasian Academy of
Cosmetic Dermal Science.

AACDS WORKBOOK COVERSHEET
Please submit to your AACDS lecturer.
Student’s Name
Unit 1.1 Dermal Science Theory, part B – Light-Based Therapies and IPL / Laser Safety
Officer
Course
(Please select)
10510NAT Advanced Diploma of Cosmetic Dermal Science
52709WA Graduate Diploma of Cosmetic Nursing
52707WA Graduate Diploma of Dermal Therapies
AACDS ASSESSMENT POLICY
Assessments Marked “Competent” or “Not Yet Competent”:
1. Must be completed by the due date specified in the
student manual for each corresponding unit.
2. If a student fails to meet the due date as specified, this
may incur additional fees to extend unit access.
3. If a student consistently achieves “Not Yet Competent”
and demonstrates poor performance in all
assessments, AACDS reserves the right to terminate
the student’s enrolment for the corresponding unit.
Graded Assessments/Exams:
1. Must be completed by the due date specified in the
student manual for each corresponding unit.
2. A student will have the opportunity to resit a failed
assessment, however on the second attempt the pass
mark will increase by 10%.
3. If a student fails on the second attempt, the student
must re-enrol into the failed unit at the current full-fee
GR A D E (I F AP P LICA BLE ): Competent
Not Yet Competent
Please Resubmit this Assessment by:
AS S E S S M E N T FE E D BA CK F R O M LE CT UR E R :
COM P LE T I O N OF AL L T UT OR IAL AC TIV IT IE S :
Yes No
RE COM M E N D AT IO N T O S IT F IN A L E X AM
Yes No
AS S E S S O R ’S SIG N AT UR E : DAT E :
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TUTORIAL ACTIVITY 1 - ABSORPTION COEFFICIENT GRAPH
Answer the following question using the Coefficient graph below:
Question 1 Yes No
Answer true or false to the following statements:
Statement
500nm is a longer wavelength than 900nm. TRUE
500nm will penetrate the skin deeper than 900nm TRUE
Melanin absorption will occur no matter what IPL handpiece is used TRUE
You can target blood vessels without targeting melanin TRUE
Question 2 Yes No
Does a Ruby Laser treat blood vessels?
Ruby laser is used for the treatment of skin related problems like age spots, light pulses, hair removal, it
can not treat the blood vessels.
Question 3 Yes No
An IPL handpiece that emits 500nm to 670nm would target which chromophores?
Melanin is considered as primary chromophores. Laser will directly target melanin.
Assessor’s comments
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Question 4 Yes No
Within the visible light spectrum, which colour has the greatest depth of penetration into the skin?
Red light has the greatest depth of penetration into the skin
Question 5 Yes No
Briefly explain why longer wavelengths are used for hair reduction?
Longer wavelengths are the largest wavelengths that are used, because these can treat the widest range
of skins and hair types. 755Nm wavelength is used to treat thin hair, and light skin. 1100Nm wavelength
is used for thick hair and dark skin.
Question 6 Yes No
Water absorption will decease or enhance tissue penetration?
Our skin is having almost 70% of water, which is present in the tissues. Water penetration will enhance
the skin penetration because the moisture content will be more and it will be very easy for the laser of
700nm to penetrate the skin.
Question 7 Yes No
Indicate at which nanometer range are the various lights covered.
Visible Ultraviolet Infrared
400-800nm 100-400nm 800nm-1mm
Question 8 Yes No
Can IPL cause skin cancer? (Please explain your answer, referring to the Ionising and Non-Ionising Radiation
handout).
IPL is not a radiation therapy. It is only the lights of different wavelengths, which are used for the
treatment of hair removal or other disease. So it will not cause skin cancer.
Question 9 Yes No
Which of the following chromophores has the shortest TRT and therefore, would require a shorter pulse width?
Hair
Medium sized vessel
Melanin (melanosome)
Question 10 Yes No
In your own words, briefly discuss why Fitzpatrick skin types IV+ are at a greater risk of burning with IPL and laser.
Fitzpatrick skin type IV+ includes asian, indians, and some africans who are having dark or a little dark
side of skin. These skins are having higher concentration of melanin, which means greater risk of
damage, if the laser setting is not correct. That can cause permanent damage like hyperpigmentation,
burning or scarring.
Assessor’s comments
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TUTORIAL ACTIVITY 2 - LASER AND LIGHT PHYSICS
CROSSWORD
Complete the Crossword Yes No
M1
O
2 3 N
O
4 C
5 H
6 R
O
M
u L T R A V O I L E T A
8 V I S I B L E T
I
9 C
10
11
ACROSS
2. A spectrum of 500 – 670nm will have a high absorption coefficient for…
6. Light that does not scatter
7. Light between 200 and 400nm
8. Light between 400 and 750nm
9. Another term for the treatment window
10. A longer pulse width using the same fluence is lower…
11. Another term for energy
DOWN
1. Light of only one wavelength
3. The growing phase of hair
4. Ablative resurfacing lasers (CO2 and Er:YAG) are absorbed by…
5. A diode laser has a high absorption coefficient for…
6. A target tissue for selective photothermolysis
Assessor’s comments
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TUTORIAL ACTIVITY 3 - IPL PERMANENT HAIR REDUCTION
This activity will prepare you to answer frequently asked questions about hair reduction.
Be sure to use terminology the patient will understand.
1. Can you treat grey and white hair? Yes No
IPL uses very less selective type of hair. They are basically used for the treatment of dark hair, which can
include grey hair. But white hair treatment can be done by laser, but not or once in thousand case in IPL.
2. Is it permanent? Yes No
IPL treatment will permanently reduce the total number of body hairs, but this will not result in the
permanent removal of hair.
3. Why do I need multiple sessions? Yes No
Hair grow in different cycles, so it will be difficult for any laser method or IPL to target all the hair in one
session. Thus it will require multiple sessions, so they can target all the hair growing in different cycles.
4. Can you remove all my hair? Yes No
IPL is less effective than laser. It can remove the hair growth permanently but can not remover the hair.
Some dead hair can remain upto 3-4 weeks and it will require 12-14 sessions to remove the hair.
5. What’s the difference between laser and IPL for hair reduction? (IPL versus laser)
Yes No
Laser is very effective and can remove the hair permanently in 3-5 sessions. IPL is more cheap but very
less effective. It can take upto 12 sessions to remove the hair.
Assessor’s comments
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TUTORIAL ACTIVITY 4 - FITZPATRICK SCALE SKIN
CLASSIFICATION
Ask a family member or a friend to fill out the Fitzpatrick Skin Scale Questionnaire on the next page, making sure
they DON’T complete the question regarding recent sun exposure.
Skin Type Working Classification Colour Tentative grouping based on skin complexion
I Always burns easily; never tans;
Extremely sensitive to sun White Primarily red headed individuals and
Blondes with light complexion
II Always burns easily; tans minimally;
Very sensitive to the sun White
The largest percentage of Caucasian
individuals fall into these categories
III
Sometimes burns; tans gradually to
light
Brown, sun sensitive skin
White/Asian
IV
Burns minimally; always tans to
moderate
Brown; minimally sun sensitive
Moderate
Brown
Individuals of oriental, American Indian,
Mediterranean and Latin American descent.
V Vary rarely burns; tans well;
Sun insensitive skin Dark Brown
Light complexion, African-
American individuals, and those of
Indian descent.
VI Never burns; deep pigmented;
Sun insensitive skin Black Dark skinned individuals
Their skin type is classified as Yes No
Skin type IV, Moderate brown Burns minimal, always trans to moderate, minimal sun sensitive.
Ask them to fill out the Fitzpatrick Scale Questionnaire over the page. This time, complete the questions regarding
recent sun exposure AND take into account areas of actinic bronzing.
Assessor’s comments
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Complete the score in the blank column appropriate for your answer and then add the total.
Score 0 1 2 3 4
4 What is your eye colour? Light blue,
grey or
green
Blue, grey or
green
Blue Dark brown Brownish black
4 What is your natural hair
colour?
Sandy red Blond Chestnut,
dark blond
Light brown Black
3 What is your skin colour
(unexposed areas)
Reddish Very pale Pale with a
beige tint
Light brown Black
2 Do you have freckles on sun-
exposed areas?
Many Several Few Incidental None
3 What happens when you stay
in the sun too long?
Painful
redness
and peeling
Blistering
followed by
peeling
Burns
sometimes
peels
Rarely burns Never had
burns
1 To what degree do you turn
brown?
Not at all Very light
coloured tan
Reasonable
tan
Tans very
easily
Turns dark
brown quickly
2 Do you turn brown after
several hours in the sun?
Never Seldom Sometimes Often Always
1 How does your face respond to
the sun?
Very
sensitive
Sensitive Normal Very
resistant
Never has a
problem
Only
complete
for IPL or
Laser
4
When did you last expose your
unprotected skin to the sun or
solarium?
More than
3 months
ago
2-3 months
ago
1-2 months
ago
Less that 1
month ago
Less than 2
weeks ago
2 Do you pigment easily after a
minor or major skin injury? Eg.
Pimples, scratches
Never Resolves in 1-
2 weeks
Resolves in 2-
3 weeks
Resolves in
3-4 weeks
or longer
Leaves
permanent
pigmentation
0 – 7 = Skin type I 8 – 16 = Skin type II 17 – 25 = Skin type III
26 – 30 = Skin type IV Over 30 = Skin type V-VI
1. Their skin type is now classified as Yes No
Skin type 4
2. Do you have to take into account areas of actinic bronzing? Yes No
Skin type 4 people can be treated with IPL. They have to observe the tissue tightness and the area of
actinic bronzing very closely.
3. Would they be suitable to use a low, medium or high fluence when performing IPL? Discuss why
Yes
No
Lower fluence will be delivered under certain condition but that will be onli in laser, but in IPL, it is a fixed type of a wavelength for
fixed type of hair, so it can not be used low, medium or high fluence.
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Assessor’s comments
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TUTORIAL ACTIVITY 5 – PHOTO REJUVENATION
Question 1 Yes No
Which of the following wavelengths would be most suitable for treating superficial vascular lesions?
a) 420nm to 460nm
b) 520nm to 610nm
c) 650nm to 750nm
d) 1064nm
Please explain your answer in relation to the coefficient graph
Superficial vascular are basically treated with 595nm pulsed dye laser, or 535nm ktp laser. But if you
want to penetrate a little deeper, S- wavelength can be used, which is of 1064nm. This will be the best
and most effective wavelength, if used carefully. A little mis match can cause scarring.
Question 2 Yes No
Briefly explain why treatment of raised, pigmented lesions with IPL is contraindicated.
Some people thinks that it is only beauty treatment, but it is not. IPL can cause serious burns and other
skin related problems. Suntan can happen or depilatory creams have to be used permanently. If patient is
having visible skin trauma, then it must be avoided.
Question 3 –Case Study Yes No
Belinda is 45 year-old Caucasian with a skin type II who is concerned with moderate sun damage on her facial skin.
She has had previous treatments for malignant lesion. On observation you notice several solar lentigines, which are
NOT raised and one that feels slightly rough. Please explain your course of action from here
Skin type II, white skin it is very sensitive to sun. burns can be occurred very easily. The course of action
from here is; the first thing she would not expose her skin to sun. Slightly rough solar lentigines means
this is occurring because of the improper setting of wavelengths in IPL.the skin is exposed very frequently
and that is causing tanning. But now the wavelength have to be changed and it should be reduced, so
that there will be less removal of hair and less penetration occurs.
Question 4 Yes No
Briefly explain and discuss why treatment of birthmarks with IPL is contraindicated.
IPL is not suitable for all kind of birth marks. All the birth marks need to be assessed by the surgeon prior
to the treatment. There are 2 type of birthmarks. One is red or vascular, caused by irregularity in the
blood cells. They can be treated by IPL. But some birth marks which will fad away by the age and if later
on they will starts appearing, those can not be treated by the IPL. It may cause damage to the blood cells
and can cause scarring or skin irritation.
Question 5 Yes No
In your own words describe how the operator has contributed to the complications seen in the image.
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These are the side effects of the IPL and laser treatment.
Erythema and swelling can occur. Blistering, clustering and
changes in pigmentation can happen. These are the changes of
the skin due to scarring. These are due to the wavelengths
setting. Skin color is dark and the wavelength used for the
treatment is less than 545nm, so it started scattering the tissues
and due to which these marks are build up.
Assessor’s comments
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Question 6 Yes No
How could the operator have avoided these complications?
To avoid these complications, the operator must use protective equipment before operating the IPL.The
study of the skin of patient is must and what type of wavelength is required for that type of skin is
necessary. Operator must take eye protection so that the laser intensity will not cause any distractiuon.
Question 7 Yes No
What is the chromophore and appropriate wavelengths for treatment of acne?
Chromophore is the group of particles or different atoms, which are responsible for the colour of skin.
Chromophore absorb photons using a light that involves changes in configuration. Light wavelength
between 400-700 is used for the treatment of acne. But 415nm wavelength with blue line spectrum is the
best and most effective wavelength for the treatment of acne.
Question 8 Yes No
If a high fluence is required to treat a vessel or pigmented lesion on a skin type IV or V with IPL, what is the best
approach?
a) Use a low fluence over multiple sessions and hope it will provide a result.
b) Isolate the individual lesions as to avoid treatment of surrounding tissue
c) Refer to a medical doctor
d) Laser, rather than IPL
Assessor’s comments
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TUTORIAL ACTIVITY 6 – INFRARED, RADIOFREQUENCY AND LED TECHNOLOGY
There are many different light-based technologies available and sometimes its easy to become confused in relation to which ones which, especially when people refer to only
their brand name. The following table is designed to re-enforce what you learnt in the lecture and to summarise in order to help you remember. Using your lecture notes and
some additional research, please complete the following table. Yes No
Technology Main Wavelengths utilised Main Mechanism of
Action
Indications Commercial brand names available
R.F. 400-700nm Used for invasive
surgeries.
This can be used in control the
internal bleeding. Rheumatoid
factors are improved, so this is
required.
Infrared 700nm-1mm Used in heating various
parts of body
Good in improving wound
healing, can be very useful in
therapy of painful muscles and
joints
ELOS 700-2000nm Heat hair follicle, acne,
pigmentation or fibres.
Common side effects are
reddening of skin,
LEDs 360-530nm Nir radiation of cellular
respiratory.
100% natural therapy with zero
side effects
Assessor’s comments
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TUTORIAL ACTIVITY 7 – MOCK INCIDENT REPORT
Please read carefully through your Internal Audit for Cosmetic Medical Practices and Beauty Clinics with Intense Pulsed
light and /or class 3B and 4 Laser.
This self-assessment is a summary of the role of the IPL/Laser Safety Officer. It will also serve as a checklist to
help you monitor risk assessment and management procedures associated with IPL and Laser.
If you are currently working with IPL or Laser, please use the audit to conduct a risk assessment and
management plan. If you are not currently working with IPL or Laser, please keep this audit document on file
for you to use in your pending role as IPL/Laser Safety Officer.
Tutorial Activity – Incident Reports Yes No
Using the information from Clinical Study 9 (Vesiculobullus Eruption from Intense Pulsed Light Treatment),
write a mock incident report on the following page (extracted from page 11 of your Internal Audit for Cosmetic
Medical Practices and Beauty Clinics with Intense Pulsed light and /or class 3B and 4 Laser).
Patient/client name: DOB: 01.01.1234
Please specify the type of treatment and the particular
IPL or LASER used in which the incident occurred.
The IPL is used here and this was where the
incident occurred.
Please provide the details of the incident.
During the incident, there was sudden spark and
smoke started coming out from the machine.
Date of incident: Have photos been taken? Yes No
Please explain how the incident was managed.
The incident was managed by extinguish the fire.
The system was unplugged from the supply. The fire
extinguisher were used in fighting the small fire.
Please state the outcome of the incident.
There were some fabric wire were naked open, and
that was the reason of the incident. The outcome
was the improvement in safety of the equipment.
Please state changes you can implement to mitigate the
reoccurrence of this incident.
All the wires were packed and sealed. The cotton
rags were removed from the machine. This was the
major safety measure for this.
Operators signature: Date:
IPL/LASER Safety Officers signature: Date:
Patients/clients signature: E. xample Date:
Assessor’s comments
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