Management Accounting Report: Costing, Budgeting and Revenue Analysis

This report presents a detailed analysis of two case studies in management accounting. The first case focuses on US Bright Product Company, exploring Activity Based Costing (ABC) to determine the per-unit cost of cakes and pastries. The report calculates activity costs, cost per unit, and the bill of activities for the Lamington division, including an assessment of additional costs. The second case examines Hawthorn Leisure Works (HLW), a fitness center, and evaluates the revenue implications of a new membership plan compared to the old plan. The analysis includes revenue calculations under both plans and a comparative study to determine the financial impact of the changes. The report concludes with insights into the financial performance of both companies and the effectiveness of the costing and budgeting techniques used.

Running Head: Management Accounting
Management Accounting

Management Accounting 2
Executive Summary:
This report consist of two cases, the first case is about Activity Based Costing. Activity
Based Costing is all about allocation of cost on the basis of the cost drivers allocated for each
type of cost. The cost is divided by the particular cost driver and then the total cost per unit is
calculated by adding all the allocated costs. In this case our evaluation is regarding US bright
product company they are manufactures of cakes and pastries. The case is about they want to
know per unit cost of their product using activity based costing. Activity based costing
elaborates the relationship between activities, cost and products.
This case consists of three parts, the first part is about the calculation of the activity cost
using the activity pools and then the cost per unit is summed out from that. The second part is
about the calculation of the amount of billing and the unit cost of the cakes and pastries of
Lamington. The third case is to know about what additional costs US Bright need to add to
arrive at the product cost of Lamington.
The second case is about Budgeting Techniques, the techniques need to be implemented to
know about Hawthorn Leisure Works new plan regarding its revenues from the membership
fee of the members. Hawthorn Leisure Works is a physical fitness centre which also offers
tennis court facilities to its members. This case is about the future growth prospects of HWLs
and helps in decision making of HWLs. They want to change their membership plan and
want a brief comparison between the old and the new plan.

Management Accounting 3

Management Accounting 4
Table of Contents
Assessment Task A..................................................................................................................................5
Introduction:.........................................................................................................................................5
Part (a)..................................................................................................................................................5
Part (b).................................................................................................................................................7
Part (c)..................................................................................................................................................8
Conclusion:..........................................................................................................................................9
Assessment Task B................................................................................................................................10
Introduction:.......................................................................................................................................10
Part (a)................................................................................................................................................12
Part (b)...............................................................................................................................................13
Part (c)................................................................................................................................................14
Conclusion:........................................................................................................................................15
References:.............................................................................................................................................16

Management Accounting 5
Assessment Task A
Introduction:
Activity Based Costing is the method of costing that pools the activities on the basis of their
type and the quantum. The Activity Based Costing is about the allocation of cost on the basis
of the cost drivers. This costing system is used by all the manufacturing units as this is
actually the proper allocation of the cost (Edmonds, Edmonds, Tsay and Olds, 2016). With
the help of ABC Costing we can analyse the product cost and do the profitability analysis of
the company.
Our case is about US Bright Product Company they are manufactures of cakes and pastries,
they use Activity Based Costing Technique for allocating their indirect cost to the product.
Our analysis is also based on the allocation of indirect cost with the help of Activity Based
Costing Techniques. The companies Indirect costs are given, what we need to do is to
allocate these costs on the basis of cost drivers available to us. The first part is all about
allocation of indirect cost on the basis of cost drivers. The second case is about one of the
division of US Bright that is Lamington; we need to draw a Statement of Bill of Activities of
Lamington and then we need to calculate its product cost. Lastly we need to tell them about
the additional costs that need to be added in the Lamington cost to arrive at the Lamington
product cost.
Part (a)
Cost per unit of Activity Driver
The cost per unit means the cost incurred by the company for producing one unit. How much
they need to expand on one product from beginning to end as from raw material to finished
product. In this part we need to calculate the cost per unit using the information given to us
regarding the indirect cost and the cost drivers. We need to make a statement where we
present the indirect cost categories their cost pools and the allocation of cost on the basis of
cost pools. The statement below depicts all activities and their allocation:

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Statement of Cost per unit (of activities listed)
Activity Activity Cost ($)
Annual Quantity of
activity Driver Rate per unit ($)
Prepare annual Accounts 5,000.00 None -
Process Receivables 15,000.00 5000 3.00
Process payables 25,000.00 2500 10.00
Program production 28,000.00 1000 28.00
Process Sales Order 40,000.00 4000 10.00
Dispatch sales Order 30,000.00 2500 12.00
Develop and test products 60,000.00 None -
Load Mixers 14,050.00 1000 14.05
Operate Mixers 45,900.00 200000 0.23
Clean mixers 6,900.00 1000 6.90
Move mixture to filling 200000 0.02

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3,450.00
Clean Trays 20,000.00 16000 1.25
Fill trays 16,000.00 800000 0.02
Move to Baking 8,000.00 16000 0.50
Set up ovens 50,000.00 1000 50.00
Bake Cakes/Pastries 1,30,000.00 1000 130.00
Move to packing 40,000.00 16000 2.50
Pack cakes/pastries 80,000.00 800000 0.10
Cost per unit 268.57
This table is about the indirect costs their activity pools and the cost per unit of the product.
The cost per unit is $ 268.57 which we got by adding all the costs which we allocated on the
basis of cost pools.
Part (b)
Bill of Activities:
In this part we need to prepare a statement for the bill of activities of the Lamington. The
annual production volume of Lamington is 100000 and the batch size is 1000 batches. We
also need to calculate here the cost per unit which we calculate by dividing the total cost from
annual production volume.

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Bill of Activities (Lamington)
Activity Consumed
Annual Quantity of
Activity Driver Cost per Unit ($) Total Cost ($)
Process Receivables 500 3.00 1,500.00
Process payables 200 10.00 2,000.00
Program production 100 28.00 2,800.00
Process Sales Order 400 10.00 4,000.00
Load Mixers 100 14.05 1,405.00
Operate Mixers 30000 0.23 6,885.00
Clean mixers 100 6.90 690.00
Move mixture to
filling 30000 0.02 517.50
Clean Trays 2000 1.25 2,500.00
Fill trays 100000 0.02 2,000.00
Move to Baking 2000 0.50 1,000.00
Set up ovens 100 5,000.00

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50.00
Bake Cakes/Pastries 100 130.00 13,000.00
Move to packing 2000 2.50 5,000.00
Pack cakes/pastries 100000 0.10 10,000.00
Dispatch sales order 500 12.00 6,000.00
Product Cost 64,297.50
Develop and test product 600.00
Total Cost 64,897.50
Annual Production (units) 1,00,000.00
Cost per Unit (Lamington) 0.65
The above table explains the cost per unit of producing cakes and pastries of Lamington
division. The total cost or we can say the billing amount is $ 64897.50. The annual
production volume is 100000. The cost per unit is calculated by dividing $ 64897.50 form
100000 and the cost per unit is $ 0.65. That means the cost of producing 1 unit of Lamington
is $ 0.65.
Part (c)
Additional Cost:
We prepared the schedule for the billing amount and also calculated the cost per unit of
Lamington but there arises a point as all the indirect costs are included for the calculation but
the cost of preparing annual accounts is not added for the calculation of cost per unit. It is
necessary to add the cost of preparing annual accounts to arrive at the product cost of

Management Accounting 10
Lamington. The cost of preparing annual accounts is not a product attributable cost so that is
why we need to add this cost to the total of indirect cost.
Conclusion:
The above analysis is all about the costing techniques used by US Bright for producing cakes
and pastries we did used activity based costing to perform a detailed analysis for the
allocation of the indirect cost of US Bright Product Company. The cost per unit of
manufacturing cakes and pastries is $ 268.6 we calculated this cost by adding all the cost. The
indirect costs are allocated on the basis of cost per unit and then they all are added together to
arrive at the unit cost of producing. Lamington is a division of US Bright and we did prepared
a bill of activities of US Bright and the total billing amount is $ 64897.50. We did also
calculated per unit cost for Lamington and the unit cost is $ 0.65. The additional cost which
can be added in the company’s cost to arrive at the total cost by the company is the cost of
preparing annual accounts although this cost is not product attributable but still we cannot
consider it as irrelevant cost. We cannot avoid the cost of preparing annual accounts it is
relevant for decision making. The complete analysis is all about the cost structure of US
Bright and Lamington and about per unit cost of producing cakes and pastries.

Management Accounting 11
Assessment Task B
Introduction:
This case is about the budgeting forecast of Hawthorn Leisure Works (HLW) which is a
fitness centre and also has some space for sports activities like tennis court. The case is about
the revenue structure of HWL as there revenues are majorly from membership fee paid by the
members and the court fee for the court usage. They are willing to change their revenue
structured and also offered some promotional discounts to its members as well. There new
structure consists of only membership fee and no court fee is charged form the members for
the usage of court. There were total 2000 members out of them only 70% members are
willing to continue their members with HWL. Among those 70% members 45% are opting to
adopt the promotional offer given by them.
In this case we need to perform a comparative study in-between the new plan and old plan of
membership of HWL. The old plan was based on the membership fee and the court fee
depending on the court usage. The new plan only consists of membership fee no court fee is
charged by them under the new plan. The comparison is all about to know the revenue of
under the old plan and in the new plan as they want to analyse that the revenue under new
plan is better or not in comparison to the old plan. Here we present the old plan of HLW and
the revenue structure under the old plan:
Annual Membership Fees(Old Plan)
Individual $ 45.00
Student $ 30.00
Family $ 100.00
Total Members 2000
Family 1000
Individual 500
Student 500

Management Accounting 12
Peak Tennis Season October to April Court fees Average
Days 181
Capacity (5pm to 9pm) 90%-100% $12 per hour 95
Capacity(9am to 4pm) 50%-60% $8 per hour 55
Off season May to September
Days 184
Court Usage(Capacity) 20%-40% $ 6 per hour 30
No. of Courts 10
Court Hours (per day) 12
Old Plan( Revenue) Amount ($)
Membership Fees
Individual 22500
Student 15000
Family 100000
Court Fees
Peak Season
5pm-9pm ($ 12 per hour) 82536
9am-4pm ($ 8 per hour) 63712
Off Season ($ 6 per hour) 39744
Total Revenue 323492