Designing Membrane Bioreactor Systems for Wastewater Treatment

The report delves into optimizing membrane bioreactor systems for improved efficiency in wastewater treatment and water reclamation. Drawing on recent research, it discusses the technical aspects of MBR design, operational strategies, and potential improvements. The analysis includes a review of current trends, challenges, and future prospects in the field, providing insights into achieving sustainable and effective water management solutions.

Water treatment process
Design Of Water treatment process
Submitted by
Tutor id- 15171
1

Water treatment process
Table of contents
Topics Page Number
1 .Introduction 4
2. Overall Process Description 5
3. BFD for Entire Process 7
4. PFD for small section Of Plant 7
5. Detailed Process Description 9
6. Design Criteria 12
7. Mass Balance 21
8. Conclusion 28
9. References 28
2

Water treatment process
Abstract
This report portrays advances the fact that here there is some innovation process
which helps to determine the quality of water. This general subject also includes
the advance treatment processes and a particular result will give a final touch of
this report. Here we consider the few basic rules which are necessary for this
treatment process. Taking some goals to finalize the matter, it gives the specific
judgments for the choice of this specific treatment process advancements in a
certain circumstance. Here we consider the specific topic and upon this topic the
research process is going on. The creators will be upbeat to talk about any
recommendations peruses may have. Since the creators trust that this treatment
information is fundamentally non-existent in the South Pacific a general depiction
that condenses the essentials of wastewater treatment has been incorporated. It is
trusted this encourages the 'processing' of this report.
3

Water treatment process
Introduction
Water treatment is very much important in human life. Because water is life. If
there is any fault with water, it creates disease and toxins. So the treatment for the
safety of water is very necessary and important also. This report includes the
chemical and physical treatment of water and focuses on the chemical and physical
behavior of water. In water, chemicals, pathogens, compounds (Nitrogen, oxygen,
phosphorus, chlorine) are present (DAR LIN, 2007). These chemicals may be
helpful or dangerous for health. So there will be some treatment needed to identify
the chemicals and compounds. In present days rapid growth and uncivilized
infrastructure are causing the depletion of water. (Joss A. A., 2007). Though there
is a rainfall but there is high rate of evaporation also and the bad habit of people of
wasting water causes water shortage. So if we think about the water treatment
project and if we consume water about three percent daily, then in next twenty
years about two hundred gallons of water will be preserved. Moreover, it will help
the people in dry condition when there is a huge amount of shortage of water. The
water is coming out of the septic tank, toilets, restrooms, etc., are called waste
water. These waters contain high amount of chemical compounds. So it is our
challenge to reverse the condition of water and reuse it (Hanzon, 2010).
Waste water treatment
This treatment implies the detachment of solids and stabilization of the chemical
compounds present in water. There will be some chemical and biological reactions
that start at a certain point until the organic and chemical compounds totally
removes. It also removes the toxic and harmful substances which cause the disease
like brain disorder, anemia, etc. (Göbel, 2009) Here the two terms come- BOD and
COD. It measures the general parameter of organic pollutants. This treatment
oxidizes the pollutants and transforms the compounds into a less harmful material
(Yang, 2013).
 Levels of water treatment
4

Water treatment process
1. Primary treatment
It is very easy process. Here we remove the solid particles. The main goal of this
treatment is to distinguish these simple differentiable compounds. In this treatment
process the components like bar screen and grit removal are taken. This is very
much important so that it will direct the perfection of the next processes. Here
mainly settlement processes are done. So the different settlement of particles
causes the reduction of pollutants. Here about 40% BOD is reduced in this process
(Cengel.Y.A, 2010).
2. Secondary treatment
The materials which remain in the water after primary treatment, are considered
here. The chemical and biological reactions are done in the wastewater to remove
the soluble particles. In these treatment bacteria is fully transformed in the stable
form. Here mainly two processes are done- anaerobic and aerobic. The pathogens,
small bacteria and protozoa are fully removed from the water and the water
becomes less pollutant. (Ternes, 2013)
3. Tertiary treatment
It is most advanced process where it is treated as a further purification of water
discharge. In these levels the harmful soluble compounds like nitrogen,
phosphorous and other specific harmful compounds are totally removed. These
treatment processes are specific processes. Bank clarifiers ‘and grass plots are
examples of this process (Benham, 2007).
Overall process description
In natural, fast populace development and spontaneous improvement are adding to
quick exhaustion of per liquid accessibility. Besides, a constrained measure of
rainfalls went with a high rate of vanishing and excess propensity for squandering
liquid of the populace; despite the fact that serious dry season winning are the
5

Water treatment process
rearing elements for water deficiency. Also, with a yearly swell of four percent in
the volume of water infused into the dissemination framework amid the previous
20 years, has shot the day by day water utilization from hundred liters to two
hundred liters and many are persuaded that we are only a couple of drops far from
the Water Rare status (Yang, 2013). Along these lines, there was a dire
requirement for a vital arrangement that handle this issue. In like manner, more
accentuation is being laid on conservation and assurance of condition while the
legislature approached with a fantastic vital arrangement (Yang, 2013). National
Sewerage Venture, set up to tackle at one go the water rare. Selecting waste water
treatment guarantees that very little awesome requests are being made on the earth
in Mauritius, in this manner it is a stage forward towards shielding the biology and
marine assets, specifically surf water and ground water and additionally enhances
sanitation and ensure general well being. Likewise, the setting on squander water
treatment and reuse influences arrangement for long haul to water unwavering
quality inside the group by giving substitute to crisp water and furthermore is an or
more point for water request and dry spell administration in general water assets
arranging (Benham, 2007). In like manner, reuse of wastewater likewise empowers
the portion of good quality new surface water or ground water for higher esteem
purposes, which can be either for human utilization or addressing household needs,
in this way additionally ensuring existing wellsprings of crisp water as it block the
prerequisite of activation of extra assets to expanding request (Tao, 2009).
6

Water treatment process
Block Diagram of entire process
7

Water treatment process
Block Diagram for small plant processes
Figure- Diagram For Filter tank and storage tank
8

Water treatment process
Figure- diagram for sedimentation and flocculation processes
Figure- diagram for chlorination processes
Design process description
Screens
A screen is a gadget with openings, by and large of uniform size, that is utilized to
hold solids found in gushing waste water and regularly the principal unit operation
in squander water treatment plant. Essentially screens can be grouped by two
strategies; right off the bat by their technique for cleaning: hand cleaned or
mechanically cleaned and furthermore by the extent of their reasonable openings:
coarse, medium and fine screens. In like manner for our situation, the wastewater
will go through a climber sort mechanically raked screen for the evacuation of
coarse screens since the composed stream rate is impressively huge (Sullivan,
2007).
Oil Removal
9

Water treatment process
To begin with, a straightforward supposition that was incited while considering the
plan of the oil and oil separator; is that the aggregate oil and oil focus was because
of the nearness of free oil. The last is as discrete globules with measure sufficiently
adequate for its globules to ascend because of light powers shaping an oil layer at
the water surface. Free oil can be evacuated under legitimate peaceful conditions
by gravity technique. In this way on account of our outline we will go for the
Programming interface gravity separator because of the way that it has been
effectively been utilized as a part of refineries for a long time (Maxwell, 2013). A
large portion of these separators is isolated in more than one narrows and are
typically outfitted with scrubbers to move the oil downstream where it is gathered
on a drum. The ooze created can be deterred, burned or discarded in dangerous
waste landfills.
Equalization Tank
In the preparatory plan, excepting that it has a general steady mass stacking; and in
line balance tank was considered notwithstanding its imperatives like bigger
volume necessity and higher operational cost because of nonstop pumping of water
from the adjustment since it offers a more uniform stream and quality of it. Since
the tank was put soon after the PST and in a short detainment time, so neither no
blending or air circulation forms was given as a control measure to maintain a
strategic distance from store solids or scent development (Tao, 2009).
Primary settling Tank
Preceding the settling tank, there are the flocculation tanks and blending tanks that
will take into consideration the arrangement of groups that will trap both the
aggregate suspended solids and the natural issue as a biochemical oxygen request
introduce in the water. This strategy is alluded as cutting edge sedimentation
process and the for the most part connected hairy is alum. The settling tank can
evacuate up to eighty percent of aggregate suspended solids of the biochemical
oxygen request. A round setting was chosen since this considers focal bolstering of
waste water to the highest point of the tank, along these lines expanding favoring
better settling of the herds once in the past created. Muck will be gathered at the
base of the tank and will be utilized, blended with the ooze from different units of
the plant for the creation of bio gas (Joss A. Z., 2014).
10

Water treatment process
Sand Filter
Ease back sand channels ended up being uneconomical when contrasted with quick
sand channels and smaller scale screen where the effectiveness came to be around
suspended solids. Operation of a quicksand channel comprises of general
discharging. The period between discharges relies upon the nature of the water
being separated (Joss A. K., 2010). The motivation behind discharging is to expel
the suspended material that has been kept in the channel bed amid the filtration
cycle. Quick sand channel is favored contrasted with moderate channel as
discharging happens quickly and it has a high filtration rate of around hundred
gallons of water for each section of land every day.
Chlorination
The most continuous disinfectants are chlorine, ozone and ultra ray being
profoundly viable for pathogen sanitization, are likewise exceptionally costly.
Ozone is very lethal yet not promptly accessible. Regarding the impacts and
burdens of ozone, Chlorination is picked, despite the fact that it is some way or
another poisonous as it establishes the aggregate broke down the solids in the
gushing, it is the most affordable one. It must be noticed that because of the choice
of the film bio reactor in our framework, which has a high introductory cost, we
have to limit the cost of our different units (Adham, 2008).
Sludge Digester
Upper level absorption is considered appropriate for the procedure as it requires
less space and short detainment time of twenty days contrasted with low rate
assimilation. Mesolithic assimilation has been picked since the working
temperature for these living beings has been twenty five degrees; along these lines
lessening less vitality prerequisite contrasted with the thermoplastic absorption
where variances in temperature can cause process shakiness and a danger of higher
scent potential (Ternes, 2013). Thermoplastic and second stage absorption process
deliver a poorer quality extraordinary which contains broke down materials;
requiring further uncommon treatment. Concerning the second stage assimilation
process, it is still under pilot contemplates and will be more vitality escalated;
requiring two blending gadgets for the two tanks.
11

Water treatment process
Dewatering Tank
The point of the dewatering hardware is to accomplish 50% of dry weight solids
substance and axis gear can deliver the required percent. Also, its capital cost is
low when contrasted with different strategies, there is a minimization of scent as it
is an enclosed unit and requires little supervision; in this way constant strong bowl
rotator is picked since it is more suited for high strong substance and utilized for
medium and vast plants contrasted with wicker container axis. Channel press has
many bothers, for example, mechanical many-sided quality; high minimization
work expenses and reclose on channel material life while vacuum filtration has low
operational expenses however higher beginning expenses and land necessities
(V.K A, 2009).
12