Communication in Nursing: Strategies, Barriers, and Guidelines
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This report delves into the multifaceted realm of communication within the healthcare sector, offering a comprehensive analysis of its various facets. It begins by defining the core elements of effective communication, encompassing clarity, correctness, conciseness, and feedback mechanisms. The report then explores interview techniques, including presentation, body language, and background assessment, alongside potential communication barriers such as language differences, physiological issues, and lack of experience. Furthermore, it outlines ten crucial guidelines for accurate nursing documentation, emphasizing clarity, policy adherence, and patient safety. The report also provides practical applications, such as strategies for nurse-patient interactions, including open disclosure, working in groups, and utilizing electronic media ethically. The importance of assertive communication for nurses is also emphasized, highlighting its role in conflict resolution and effective patient care. The report provides a complete overview of communication strategies for nurses, barriers, and guidelines.
Communication
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
SECTION 1......................................................................................................................................3
1) Elements facilitating optimal communication.........................................................................3
2)Interview techniques.................................................................................................................3
3) Potential barrier of communications.......................................................................................4
4) Ten guidelines for correctly completing nursing documentation............................................4
SECTION 2......................................................................................................................................5
1) Action for nurse ......................................................................................................................5
2) Interview .................................................................................................................................5
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................6
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................7
2
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
SECTION 1......................................................................................................................................3
1) Elements facilitating optimal communication.........................................................................3
2)Interview techniques.................................................................................................................3
3) Potential barrier of communications.......................................................................................4
4) Ten guidelines for correctly completing nursing documentation............................................4
SECTION 2......................................................................................................................................5
1) Action for nurse ......................................................................................................................5
2) Interview .................................................................................................................................5
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................6
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................7
2
INTRODUCTION
Communication is the process transfer the information between sender and receiver. In
this report we are defined the element of the effective communication,tools and techniques used
in the interview,barriers that affect the communication and guideline for the documents
preparing before the interview of the nurse has been depicted.
SECTION 1
1) Elements facilitating optimal communication
These are the elements that contribute to an effective communication
1. Clarity of thought and expression – In this element the communicator must have need to
knowledge and clear information in his mind to communicate between the people. It
should be always clear, and simple.
2. Correct and appropriate – The message should be correct in spelling ,grammar and
content. It may be deliver in right time for correct medium.
3. Conciseness –It means the meaning of information has been delivered.
4. Feedback- It is effective when receiver give the message as soon as possible. it is the
critical process where the reaction or response of the receiver after interpreted message
has been provided to the sender.
2)Interview techniques
1. Presentation – This is the technique depend on the position we apply the sales,training
give the performance it may be depend on the some ideas -brainstorming our ideas it may
be past as well as gain fresh prospective and present aspect of relate to the topic,we used
the right technology ,clear structure,make the eye contact.(Berge, 2013)
2. Body language – This is the way the interviewer can judge the person before telling any
question. it include the gesture,posture,when we sit,stand ,eye contact in the interview.
the some clue for attract the interviewer like-always sit way back in the seat,not go for
directly eye contact,nod your head listening this step show the attentiveness of the person
in the interview.
3. Background- The interviewer known the interest and creativity of the person who are
appointed in the organisation for vacant seat. In this stage we give the answer our interest
3
Communication is the process transfer the information between sender and receiver. In
this report we are defined the element of the effective communication,tools and techniques used
in the interview,barriers that affect the communication and guideline for the documents
preparing before the interview of the nurse has been depicted.
SECTION 1
1) Elements facilitating optimal communication
These are the elements that contribute to an effective communication
1. Clarity of thought and expression – In this element the communicator must have need to
knowledge and clear information in his mind to communicate between the people. It
should be always clear, and simple.
2. Correct and appropriate – The message should be correct in spelling ,grammar and
content. It may be deliver in right time for correct medium.
3. Conciseness –It means the meaning of information has been delivered.
4. Feedback- It is effective when receiver give the message as soon as possible. it is the
critical process where the reaction or response of the receiver after interpreted message
has been provided to the sender.
2)Interview techniques
1. Presentation – This is the technique depend on the position we apply the sales,training
give the performance it may be depend on the some ideas -brainstorming our ideas it may
be past as well as gain fresh prospective and present aspect of relate to the topic,we used
the right technology ,clear structure,make the eye contact.(Berge, 2013)
2. Body language – This is the way the interviewer can judge the person before telling any
question. it include the gesture,posture,when we sit,stand ,eye contact in the interview.
the some clue for attract the interviewer like-always sit way back in the seat,not go for
directly eye contact,nod your head listening this step show the attentiveness of the person
in the interview.
3. Background- The interviewer known the interest and creativity of the person who are
appointed in the organisation for vacant seat. In this stage we give the answer our interest
3
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and future planning of the career example-we are registered the nurse field and give the
answer for this question is that the helping nature and patience,temperament personality.
3) Potential barrier of communications
1. Language- its barrier affect when the different country people are communicate the each
other .In this case the Ms. Sayer understand the English language and the nurse
understand the Spanish.
2. Physiological barrier-It include the health and difficulty of the person it may be include
the listening problem,weak eyesight,and body pain.
3. Lack of experience- It is the better idea to explain the message making the story infront
of the receivers.
4. Information burden- It disappoint the person for the important topic it take the lot of time
for recording the information (Aslakson, 2012).
5. Physical -It include the poor equipment,noise poor structure of the place,and also affect
the culture of the person.
6. Trust -It promote the development of the person,increase the confidence level and
perception of the client,potential and helping nature of the person.
7. Lack of communication policy – In this case the rules and regulation are not described the
proper way to communicate the employees.
8. Semantic barriers -In this barrier include the tough languages,not proper listen the
message of the person.
4) Ten guidelines for correctly completing nursing documentation.
The documents must include the characteristics goal ,objective which is simple,clear,free
of misunderstanding and accurate for the legally.
The documents are completely determined the policy,rules of late coming and any
modification related to the position(Berge, 2013).
Prepare the sheet according to the proper information and also highlight and described
between the people in the organization.
The staff duty is the analysis the problem of patient for changing the treatment.
The policy was prevent action it determined the audit of the hospital with including the
all charges of the clinic.
4
answer for this question is that the helping nature and patience,temperament personality.
3) Potential barrier of communications
1. Language- its barrier affect when the different country people are communicate the each
other .In this case the Ms. Sayer understand the English language and the nurse
understand the Spanish.
2. Physiological barrier-It include the health and difficulty of the person it may be include
the listening problem,weak eyesight,and body pain.
3. Lack of experience- It is the better idea to explain the message making the story infront
of the receivers.
4. Information burden- It disappoint the person for the important topic it take the lot of time
for recording the information (Aslakson, 2012).
5. Physical -It include the poor equipment,noise poor structure of the place,and also affect
the culture of the person.
6. Trust -It promote the development of the person,increase the confidence level and
perception of the client,potential and helping nature of the person.
7. Lack of communication policy – In this case the rules and regulation are not described the
proper way to communicate the employees.
8. Semantic barriers -In this barrier include the tough languages,not proper listen the
message of the person.
4) Ten guidelines for correctly completing nursing documentation.
The documents must include the characteristics goal ,objective which is simple,clear,free
of misunderstanding and accurate for the legally.
The documents are completely determined the policy,rules of late coming and any
modification related to the position(Berge, 2013).
Prepare the sheet according to the proper information and also highlight and described
between the people in the organization.
The staff duty is the analysis the problem of patient for changing the treatment.
The policy was prevent action it determined the audit of the hospital with including the
all charges of the clinic.
4
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In the documents we used the safety and privacy issue for reflect the record of the
information.
It is checked by the nurse for going the other treatment to the patient before taking the
action.
The documents include the staff notification it include the data ,action and past research
and the result of evaluation.
They do not say the general statement this is not a type of constructed form of
documents.
The nurse have a duty to report to the doctor with in 30 minute the safety of the patient.
SECTION 2
1) Action for nurse
According to the case, the nurse will appoint an interpreter who knows the language of
Mrs. Singh. This is the person who are knowledge and they also understand the problem which
affect the patient. First the nurse placed the patient according to the department of the problem
and give the direction the Mrs. Singh and also start the first aid treatment when the doctor is
coming(Aslakson,and et. al., 2012). This is the person who have equally influence the both
languages. this is the benefit so that the nurse can understand the problem and communicate the
doctor for starting the treatment of the patient. They can define the various aspect which related
to the patient behaviour and aspect of the customers.
According to the case the nurse will recruit the interpreter who have knowledge about the
language of and also understand the problem which affected by the Mr. Singh. According to the
case the parents are not in good English so that they appoint the interpreter his 7 year child to the
communicate(Berge, 2013) .In this case the the nurse can understand the problem and
communicate the doctor for starting the treatment of the patient.
2) Interview
The nurse have responsibility to take the children in proper way they do the work for
patiently and create the trust and listen the children and also take the time to the children for the
describing the position of the parents. According to the case the parents are not in good English
so that appoint the interpreter his 7 year child to the communicate(Berge,,2013) .In this case the
5
information.
It is checked by the nurse for going the other treatment to the patient before taking the
action.
The documents include the staff notification it include the data ,action and past research
and the result of evaluation.
They do not say the general statement this is not a type of constructed form of
documents.
The nurse have a duty to report to the doctor with in 30 minute the safety of the patient.
SECTION 2
1) Action for nurse
According to the case, the nurse will appoint an interpreter who knows the language of
Mrs. Singh. This is the person who are knowledge and they also understand the problem which
affect the patient. First the nurse placed the patient according to the department of the problem
and give the direction the Mrs. Singh and also start the first aid treatment when the doctor is
coming(Aslakson,and et. al., 2012). This is the person who have equally influence the both
languages. this is the benefit so that the nurse can understand the problem and communicate the
doctor for starting the treatment of the patient. They can define the various aspect which related
to the patient behaviour and aspect of the customers.
According to the case the nurse will recruit the interpreter who have knowledge about the
language of and also understand the problem which affected by the Mr. Singh. According to the
case the parents are not in good English so that they appoint the interpreter his 7 year child to the
communicate(Berge, 2013) .In this case the the nurse can understand the problem and
communicate the doctor for starting the treatment of the patient.
2) Interview
The nurse have responsibility to take the children in proper way they do the work for
patiently and create the trust and listen the children and also take the time to the children for the
describing the position of the parents. According to the case the parents are not in good English
so that appoint the interpreter his 7 year child to the communicate(Berge,,2013) .In this case the
5
nurse adopt the empathy and also used the body language style so that they can give the result
according to the perception of the people. In the interview we are introduces the person
background and then start the interview.
According the case the nurse feel and comfortable to the children in front of interpreter.
The nurse can avoid the sudden rapid advance,broad smile,extend eye contact and other gesture
posture that may be seen as a threatening to the children. The nurse can allow the children to
express their concern and tears. They also give the offer choice when one person exist and honest
and empathy with the children. They used the more communication techniques between the
children for increasing the trust and create the moral in the communication.
3)Strategy for communication Effective
The communication of information is very easy the person can learn this information at that time
in the business. Nurse can asked the Mr. Colin Davis to need and requirement of the things do
not shy the anything for asking this type of question. When we are notable to understand the
problem we can recruit the interpreter for convening the messages. Introduce the self and do not
assume that the person will knowing to with help of voice. Continue to used the body languages
that will affect the voice and information. They can used the introducing then communicating the
situation between the patients. When we communicate this type of patient reduce the noise that
are interpreting the situation. In type of case speak according to the patient not used the disability
person. The volume may be natural and do not used the loud and shouting voice.
4)(A)
The nurse give the positive feedback to the patient in this case the nurse can understand the
scenario and making the afford and satisfied environment between the patient. The constructive
feedback also help to the person to improving the skill knowledge of the employees. They cn
motivate to the feedback and also rectifying the errors which have ensure that for preparing the
manage. The feedback is the part of aim to promote improvement and development of the
person. The nurse can used for comment books,experience books related to the reflected diary
and other staff meeting evalate and analysis the suggestion given by the patient and visiors
making the strategy.
6
according to the perception of the people. In the interview we are introduces the person
background and then start the interview.
According the case the nurse feel and comfortable to the children in front of interpreter.
The nurse can avoid the sudden rapid advance,broad smile,extend eye contact and other gesture
posture that may be seen as a threatening to the children. The nurse can allow the children to
express their concern and tears. They also give the offer choice when one person exist and honest
and empathy with the children. They used the more communication techniques between the
children for increasing the trust and create the moral in the communication.
3)Strategy for communication Effective
The communication of information is very easy the person can learn this information at that time
in the business. Nurse can asked the Mr. Colin Davis to need and requirement of the things do
not shy the anything for asking this type of question. When we are notable to understand the
problem we can recruit the interpreter for convening the messages. Introduce the self and do not
assume that the person will knowing to with help of voice. Continue to used the body languages
that will affect the voice and information. They can used the introducing then communicating the
situation between the patients. When we communicate this type of patient reduce the noise that
are interpreting the situation. In type of case speak according to the patient not used the disability
person. The volume may be natural and do not used the loud and shouting voice.
4)(A)
The nurse give the positive feedback to the patient in this case the nurse can understand the
scenario and making the afford and satisfied environment between the patient. The constructive
feedback also help to the person to improving the skill knowledge of the employees. They cn
motivate to the feedback and also rectifying the errors which have ensure that for preparing the
manage. The feedback is the part of aim to promote improvement and development of the
person. The nurse can used for comment books,experience books related to the reflected diary
and other staff meeting evalate and analysis the suggestion given by the patient and visiors
making the strategy.
6
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SECTION 3
1) Open Disclosure
It refers to an open discussion which is undertaken with a patient in respect to certain
incidents which had caused harm to them, while receiving health care services. Hence, it is
essentially a conversation which transmits relevant information to the patient and can be
undertaken over a course of time. It is an entire process which commences from detection of
adverse events and assessment of these incidents. Once the concerned patient is informed about
such an incident, it shall be signalled that there is a requirement to conduct an open disclosure. It
is essential to communicate in a healthy manner after completely preparing for the disclosure.
While being engaged in the disclosure it is essential to express a sincere apology after explaining
the facts of complete incident, accompanies with related information. Further, it shall be agreed
that an effective future care shall be provided and clinicians shall be consulted if necessary. In
addition, the patient and family members shall also be informed about the evaluation surveys and
agreement shall be reached to complete the process. Lastly, all the relevant records shall be kept
up to date and all the other documentation shall be maintained in an effective manner. The
elements of open disclosure are:
Saying Sorry
Factual explanations
Personal effects of the incident
Plan agreed and recorded
pledge to feedback
Offer of support
support for patients and staff
other health service entities
2)
In order to work well in groups, especially in health care sector, some of the ideas which
can prove to be beneficial are:
it is imperative to establish an effective and constant communication system so as to stay
updated about all the happenings.
7
1) Open Disclosure
It refers to an open discussion which is undertaken with a patient in respect to certain
incidents which had caused harm to them, while receiving health care services. Hence, it is
essentially a conversation which transmits relevant information to the patient and can be
undertaken over a course of time. It is an entire process which commences from detection of
adverse events and assessment of these incidents. Once the concerned patient is informed about
such an incident, it shall be signalled that there is a requirement to conduct an open disclosure. It
is essential to communicate in a healthy manner after completely preparing for the disclosure.
While being engaged in the disclosure it is essential to express a sincere apology after explaining
the facts of complete incident, accompanies with related information. Further, it shall be agreed
that an effective future care shall be provided and clinicians shall be consulted if necessary. In
addition, the patient and family members shall also be informed about the evaluation surveys and
agreement shall be reached to complete the process. Lastly, all the relevant records shall be kept
up to date and all the other documentation shall be maintained in an effective manner. The
elements of open disclosure are:
Saying Sorry
Factual explanations
Personal effects of the incident
Plan agreed and recorded
pledge to feedback
Offer of support
support for patients and staff
other health service entities
2)
In order to work well in groups, especially in health care sector, some of the ideas which
can prove to be beneficial are:
it is imperative to establish an effective and constant communication system so as to stay
updated about all the happenings.
7
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A learning attitude shall be maintained so as to keep learning different methods from
other team members.
Patience and empathy
3) Principles for using electronic media
(a) Every personnel shall follow the professional principles and ethical principles by not
making use of telephones during the working hours, especially while serving the patients. All the
specific requirements of the organization in respect to disclosure of certain informations shall be
abided with.
(b) Some of the ethical considerations in respect to healthcare professionals are not
making a disclosure of confidential information of hospitals or patients on social media.
Moreover, posting pictures clicked on duty with the patients is also not preferable.
(c) Email etiquette are:
usage of specific subject
content shall not be elaborative and be concise enough to provide specific information
the language shall be highly professional and shall not in any manner reflect sarcasm or
jokes.
Emailing of critical and sensitive information shall be avoided
The responses shall be made on an instant basis and preferably within business hours.
Usage of common courtesies is always appreciated.
4) Assertive Communication by nurses
It is a mode of communicating with others by expressing the opinion in a firm and honest
manner, and at the same time without disrespecting the rights or opinions of the other person. It
can also be characterized as confident declaration in a manner that there does not arise any need
of proof. In order to exercise the role of a nurse in an effective manner it is highly imperative for
them to stay confident in respect to their ways and words.
Further, this form of communication can be used for conflict resolution as well as
negotiation to determine solutions as it shall not leave scope for any form of discrepancies or
confusions leading to conflicts. Moreover, a firm and stern stand by one person enables the other
to listen to such a person and avoid conflict situations.
8
other team members.
Patience and empathy
3) Principles for using electronic media
(a) Every personnel shall follow the professional principles and ethical principles by not
making use of telephones during the working hours, especially while serving the patients. All the
specific requirements of the organization in respect to disclosure of certain informations shall be
abided with.
(b) Some of the ethical considerations in respect to healthcare professionals are not
making a disclosure of confidential information of hospitals or patients on social media.
Moreover, posting pictures clicked on duty with the patients is also not preferable.
(c) Email etiquette are:
usage of specific subject
content shall not be elaborative and be concise enough to provide specific information
the language shall be highly professional and shall not in any manner reflect sarcasm or
jokes.
Emailing of critical and sensitive information shall be avoided
The responses shall be made on an instant basis and preferably within business hours.
Usage of common courtesies is always appreciated.
4) Assertive Communication by nurses
It is a mode of communicating with others by expressing the opinion in a firm and honest
manner, and at the same time without disrespecting the rights or opinions of the other person. It
can also be characterized as confident declaration in a manner that there does not arise any need
of proof. In order to exercise the role of a nurse in an effective manner it is highly imperative for
them to stay confident in respect to their ways and words.
Further, this form of communication can be used for conflict resolution as well as
negotiation to determine solutions as it shall not leave scope for any form of discrepancies or
confusions leading to conflicts. Moreover, a firm and stern stand by one person enables the other
to listen to such a person and avoid conflict situations.
8
CONCLUSION
Through this report, it is inferred that communications can be made smooth by
overcoming barriers. Above the report tell the barrier of the communication and guideline for
making the document in the interview. The effective communication also affect the transfer of
the information may be depend the receiver understand the information in the right way. The
communication may be include the verbal non verbal,body languages,expression movements.
9
Through this report, it is inferred that communications can be made smooth by
overcoming barriers. Above the report tell the barrier of the communication and guideline for
making the document in the interview. The effective communication also affect the transfer of
the information may be depend the receiver understand the information in the right way. The
communication may be include the verbal non verbal,body languages,expression movements.
9
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Aslakson, R.A.,and et. al., 2012. Nurse-perceived barriers to effective communication regarding prognosis and
optimal end-of-life care for surgical ICU patients: a qualitative exploration.Journal of palliative
medicine.15(8). pp.910-915.
Baxter, S., and et. al. , 2012. Barriers and facilitators to the use of high‐technology augmentative and alternative
communication devices: a systematic review and qualitative synthesis.International Journal of Language &
Communication Disorders.47(2). pp.115-129.
Berge, Z.L., 2013. Barriers to Communication in Distance Education.Turkish Online Journal of Distance
Education.14(1). pp.374-388.
Epurescu, O. E., 2015. Barriers in communication.Annales Universitatis Apulensis. Series Philologica16(2) pp.343-
355.
Garland, E. L., Bruce, A. and Stajduhar, K., 2012. Exposing barriers to end-of-life communication in heart failure:
an integrative review.Canadian journal of cardiovascular nursing= Journal canadien en soins infirmiers
cardio-vasculaires.23(1). pp.12-18.
Joseph-Williams, N., Elwyn, G. and Edwards, A., 2014. Knowledge is not power for patients: a systematic review
and thematic synthesis of patient-reported barriers and facilitators to shared decision making.Patient
education and counseling.94(3). pp.291-309.
Shahid, S., and et. al. , 2013. Identifying barriers and improving communication between cancer service providers
and Aboriginal patients and their families: the perspective of service providers.BMC health services
research.13(1). p.460.
van den Eertwegh, V. and et.al. 2014. Residents’ perceived barriers to communication skills learning: comparing
two medical working contexts in postgraduate training.Patient education and counseling.95(1). pp.91-97.
10
Books and Journals
Aslakson, R.A.,and et. al., 2012. Nurse-perceived barriers to effective communication regarding prognosis and
optimal end-of-life care for surgical ICU patients: a qualitative exploration.Journal of palliative
medicine.15(8). pp.910-915.
Baxter, S., and et. al. , 2012. Barriers and facilitators to the use of high‐technology augmentative and alternative
communication devices: a systematic review and qualitative synthesis.International Journal of Language &
Communication Disorders.47(2). pp.115-129.
Berge, Z.L., 2013. Barriers to Communication in Distance Education.Turkish Online Journal of Distance
Education.14(1). pp.374-388.
Epurescu, O. E., 2015. Barriers in communication.Annales Universitatis Apulensis. Series Philologica16(2) pp.343-
355.
Garland, E. L., Bruce, A. and Stajduhar, K., 2012. Exposing barriers to end-of-life communication in heart failure:
an integrative review.Canadian journal of cardiovascular nursing= Journal canadien en soins infirmiers
cardio-vasculaires.23(1). pp.12-18.
Joseph-Williams, N., Elwyn, G. and Edwards, A., 2014. Knowledge is not power for patients: a systematic review
and thematic synthesis of patient-reported barriers and facilitators to shared decision making.Patient
education and counseling.94(3). pp.291-309.
Shahid, S., and et. al. , 2013. Identifying barriers and improving communication between cancer service providers
and Aboriginal patients and their families: the perspective of service providers.BMC health services
research.13(1). p.460.
van den Eertwegh, V. and et.al. 2014. Residents’ perceived barriers to communication skills learning: comparing
two medical working contexts in postgraduate training.Patient education and counseling.95(1). pp.91-97.
10
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