Roles of Leaders and Managers in Operations Management: A Report

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of management and operations, focusing on the roles of leaders and managers within the Elm Tree Hotel. It begins by differentiating between the roles and characteristics of managers and leaders, highlighting the importance of both for organizational success. The report then delves into the functions of managers in areas such as planning, organizing, staffing, coordination, and controlling, while also exploring Mintzberg's roles for leadership. It further examines the functions of leaders and managers in various situations, such as dealing with employees, customers, and society, emphasizing the importance of adapting strategies to meet diverse needs. The report also explores various leadership theories, including system theory, situational theory, and contingency leadership, as well as classical and modern management theories. Finally, it discusses different approaches to operations management, such as just-in-time, lean production, TQM, and continuous improvement, illustrating how these approaches contribute to achieving organizational goals. The report emphasizes the significance of effective leadership and management in enhancing operational efficiency, maximizing revenue, and achieving overall organizational objectives within the context of the Elm Tree Hotel.

Management & Operations

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P1 Roles and characteristics of manager and leader ..................................................................1
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................4
P2 Functions of managers and role of leaders in different situations.........................................4
P3 Various theories and also models of approach......................................................................5
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................6
P4 Approaches to operations management.................................................................................6
P5 Value and significance of operations management in achieving organisational goal...........7
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................8
P6 Factors which impacts on operation management in an organisation..................................8
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11
.......................................................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
Management play an effective role in manage various activities of an organisation so that
business become able to accomplish all goals and targets properly. Management of operations is
important aspect of an organisation so that better and effective outcome could be accomplish and
gain. Hence, managers and leaders play an important role in order to maximise number of
operations so that effective and beneficial results would derive (Ageron, Gunasekaran and
Spalanzani, 2012). This project is based on Elm Tree Hotel which is one of a retail business
organisation and dealing in wide variety of quality products and services. This project includes
differentiation between role of leader and functions of manager. Both enable an association to
maximise revenue of a company so that better and appropriate results could be gain. For
enhancing operations effectiveness, managers and leaders play a vital role which also get
describe in this study. Moreover, in dealing with diverse business environment, leadership and
management both have to work with each other so that better and appropriate outcome could be
gain properly.
TASK 1
P1 Roles and characteristics of manager and leader
Most of the people think that leader is more important for an organisation because he/she
is the one who shows correct path to the enterprise and give them a mission to follow. But this
perception is wrong because manager is equally important. They are crucial part of business
because they play crucial role in execution of plans. Both leader and manager has their own
responsibilities are both are significant for success of a company.
Along with this, there are some various functions of management in Marks and Spencer context
are as follows: Planning: It is one of the important function of a manager within their organization
which helps in improving overall performance of the company by preparing overall
planning (Bahn, 2013). It define all the outlines of the organizational activities which
leads in attaining positive results. With the help of this employees perform their best and
attain their targets in systematic manner.

 Organizing: It is also important in which manager manage al the activities in order to
fulfil all the task effective. For this they give all the responsibilities to their employees as
per their task so that they effectively attain their target. Staffing: One of the important function of a manager in which they assign right perform
for right job which leads in improving the overall productivity and also maintain healthy
relationship among all the workers. Coordination: Under this, manager create proper coordination among all the department.
With the help of this workers get better direction form their superiors and perform in
systematic manner. Controlling: It is also important for the manager to effectively control all the employees
work. It helps in maintaining better performance at workplace which directly contribute
in overall growth of the company in positive manner(Childe, 2010).
Mintzberg's roles for leadership: This will be stated as beneath:
 Interpersonal Role: It is necessary for leaders do work effectively and efficiently and
their main skill is motivating people who are working in their team and this motivation
leads workforce into efficient workers.
 Informational Role: It requires three qualities of a manager that he has to monitor
performance of organization whether it is able in fulfilling demands or not after that he
has to do dissemination by establishes connection with juniors and last but not least he
should be good face of company.
 Decisional: manager must have the capability of good decision making to become part of
organizational growth (Gimenez, Sierra, V. and Rodon, 2012).
Some differences in between leaders and managers:
Manager Leader
Purpose of the manager in an organisation is to
set the goals and targets for the workers so that
they can achieve it with in a time frame.
A Leader is the one who leads and not manages
in an organisation and is an essential part of the
firm.
A manager is the one who finds the required
training in different sectors in the organisation
They Direct or lead the followers so that they
can achieve their set goals in timely manner and

and those employer do needs the training
which can be helpful for them so they gives the
training as well and it also motivates the
employees.
a leader can only do these things like
knowledge, abilities and skills.
He or she has to find the capability of one
individual in the company and then assign the
work to there employees so that the set targets
gets completed in a set time frame.
Leader is the one who represents the firm and
can be a face for the organisation who interacts
in seminars with other companies, attend
meetings and etcetera.
Rather than this, there are some fundamental characteristics which is associated with both leader
and along with manager is mentioned as beneath:
 It is required for both of them to accomplish their task in a positive way; therefore,
coveted goals as well as objectives will be accomplished within certain time span. They
have to complete their work honestly and be calm in each and every kind of
circumstances (Ham, Hitomi, and Yoshida, 2012).
 Right directions to staff members; so that, they will accomplish their work more
effectively.
 Therefore, it has been comprehended that both manager as well as leader are signifiant
element of firm as they help them to attain objectives in an appropriate way. Along with
this, it is must for them to fulfil roles as well as duties efficiently.
TASK 2
P2 Functions of managers and role of leaders in different situations
There are many different functions which are performed through the leaders and
managers in Elm Tree Hotel for increasing the productivity and profit level of this hotel. Elm
Tree Hotel is small size hotel and it provides the many and effective facilities of its consumers.
This hotel do its business operations in an effective or proper manner (Huang, Lu and Duan,
2012). The leaders and managers of this company both are very experienced and also guide its

staff members in an effective or efficient manner. There are various functions which are useful in
the various situations of hotel in order to handle them in a perfect manner. There are some
various functions of leaders and managers in the various conditions are mentions below as
above:
Employees- They are the necessary or valuable assents of the Elm Tree Hotel and the
success of company is depend on the staff members. In order to make improvements in their
performance. Leader and managers both plays a different role. In context to this it is a duty of
managers for prepare the effective policies so that employee can do their better tasks. In regards
to this the main role of leaders to motivate staff members and give them support.
Customers- It is an essential factor and the profit level of company is based on it. The
needs and demands of very person is varied from the each other and if firm will satisfy their
needs and wants then it will be helpful in attaining the loyalty of consumers and also helpful in
making the better and harmonious relationship with them. In context to this, the duty of
managers in Elm Tree Hotel is to monitor and check the products and services quality on the
basis of preferences of consumers (Karangelos, Panciatici and Wehenkel, 2013). Leaders should
motivate staff members so that they can develop an innovative idea for enhancing quality of
goods.
Society- It is necessary for Elm Tree Hotel in order to give the CSR (Corporate Social
Responsibility) for the betterments and development of the society. It is helpful in developing the
good image in the mind of consumers. In this, the managers should be focus on the conducting
the CSR related activities and on the other hand the role of a leader is to guide and increase the
morale of employees so that they can perform their activities on the basis of ethical and legal
norms and beliefs of society.
P3 Various theories and also models of approach
There are various approaches and also theories of leadership which is necessary for the
Elm Tree Hotel to follow in a proper manner. In order to accomplishing the organisational
objectives, leaders and managers plays a necessary role (Kerzner, 2013). The leadership
approaches and also theories are helpful to business firm in managing the business related
activities in terms of profit. The approaches and theories of leadership given blow as above:
System theory- It is beneficial in making the solution of problems which are arise in an
organisation. The Elm Tree hotel faces many problems which are concerned with business and in

this it is a duty of managers to resolves all the issues. In context to this, it is a responsibility of
leader to find out the solutions of problems in an effective manner. Otherwise, it can develop the
negative impacts on the development and also growth of firm.
Situational theory- Under this, the main focus of leader is on the changing environment
of company and on the basis of this firm execute the suitable leadership style. On the basis of
this theory, there is no best leadership style, it is depend on the changing environment. It is also
known as the flexible leadership style.
Contingency leadership- The changing environment develops the complexities for
managing and controlling business operations (Lewis and Brown, 2012). It is necessary for
leaders to introduce effective and innovative ideas in implementing business operations.
Management theories
Classical theory- This theory is helpful in giving the optimum solutions of the allotted
tasks and activities with in a specific time period. It will be helpful for accomplishing the
profitability and development of company in the competitive market.
Modern theory- The main aim of this management theory is to increasing the
development and performance level of staff members which helps in accomplishing set
objectives of firm. It is necessary for the manager to adopt an innovative technique to maintain
harmonious relationship with employees. It will be helpful in making the healthy and
harmonious working environment.
TASK 3
P4 Approaches to operations management
The operational management is helpful in guiding and also leading managers in order to
manage and control the different activities and also operations of business which is concerned
with the manufacturing department (Lv and et. al., 2011). It is helpful for employers in doing the
planning of the operations for optimum utilisation of resources. Some approaches are mentions
below as above:
Just in time- It is helpful in enhancing the development and profit level of a business
firm. In this employers assure the less wastage of the materials as well as equipments. It can
helpful in enhancing the products and services qualities. It is helpful in accomplishing the aims
and objectives of business in a set period of time.

Lean production- This approach includes step by step process which the manager of Elm
Tree Hotel follow to enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of the business activities and
operations.
TQM (Total quality management)- It is a necessary approach operations management
approach. For increasing the quality and performance level of work, it is necessary for manager
to do the continuous efforts. The main benefit of this approach of manufacture and also provide
the effective quality of goods to consumers.
Continuous improvement- This approach assures about the improvement in the quality
as well as specifications of a business firm in a specific time period (Moghaddam, Seifi and
Niknam, 2012). If firm will add some of the additional feature in existing product then it will be
helpful in satisfying the demands and needs of people in an effective manner.
Roles of managers and leaders in perform business operations:
Planning- It is concerned with the future and in context to this, it is necessary for the
manager to determine all the necessary factors as well as funds which will be necessary in
executing the business plan in a systematic manner. It is the responsibility of top management of
Elm Tree Hotel to formulate the effective policies as well as plans and on the other hand
managers implement that plans and policies at the workpeople.
Managing- Manager is that person who is liable to manage and also control each business
related activities. It is necessary for the manager to examine the performance of staff members
and also determine their improvements areas in an effective manner (O'Fallon and Rutherford,
2011).
Coordinating- It is necessary that in an organisation there should be coordination
between the each and every department of an organisation. It will be helpful on removing the
minimum wastage from the production process and also improving the effectiveness and
efficiency of business.
P5 Value and significance of operations management in achieving organisational goal
The operation management is necessary because it gives an opportunity to employers to
determine factors which impacts on business and also neglect the uncertainty. It is helpful in
doing the business operations in less time period. There are some importance of operations
management given below as above:

Enhancing productivity of company- The operational management is helpful in
encouraging the innovation at the workplace and it helps in finding new methods to solving to
completion of given activities. With the help of this managers can determine and also eliminate
any obstacles from the manufacturing process.
Helpful in getting the consumer satisfaction- In order to maintain the high quality of
products or services. It will be helpful in attracting the large number of consumers for enhancing
the profit level (Paryani, 2011).
Enhancing profit- From removing the unnecessary and unusual barriers and also
obstacles from the manufacturing process for optimum utilisation of the necessary resources. It
will be helpful in giving the many advantages or benefits to the Elm Tree Hotel.
Minimum resource wastage- To accomplish the set objectives and effectiveness in the
manumitting process, it is necessary for the managers of Elm Tree Hotel to culminate all the
obstacle from the process of manufacturing. If the wastage will be minimized then it will be
helpful in enhancing the development and also growth of company in an effective or proper
manner. In this, Elm Tree Hotel, can provide the quality of goods and services to consumers at
the reasonable cost (Sheu, 2010).
TASK 4
P6 Factors which impacts on operation management in an organisation
In a business environment and operations management, there are large number if
elements or components are included and it can impact on the business related operation in an
organisation. In this, there are two elements of the business environment and these are internal as
well as external factors. Both the factors are mentions below as above:
Internal factors- These are the components which are included inside the organisation. For
understand this in a better way, there are some points given below:
Employees- They are working inside an organisation and their abilities, skills,
performance level and also knowledge can be impact ion the business operations as well as
activities. If the employees of Elm Tree Hotel will be fully skilled, they it will be helpful in
giving the benefit to the business firm.

Suppliers- These are the people which supply the raw materials to the hotel in context to
developing or producing the finished products in a better way. If the relationship among the
suppliers and firm will be strong and better then it will impact good on business.
Consumers- These are the people for which Elm Tree Hotel produce the better quality of
services as well as products in a better way (Starr and Van Wassenhove, 2014). Whenever, there
is a various takes place in the preferences and also needs of consumers then it can impact on the
manufacturing process and also business of Elm Tree Hotel.
External factors- It consists those component which are exists outside the firm and there is not
much control of company. There are some components are mentions below as above:
Political- The regulations, plans, rules and also policies which are developed through
government impact on the business operations. It is necessary for the organisation to follow all
the rules and regulations of government in order to implementing the business operations and
also any types of variation and differences impacts on the functions of business firm.
Environmental- The Climatic situations of United Kingdom country under which Elm
Tree Hotel operates its business and from this the performance of a business firm as well as
productivity can be impacted.
Social factor- In society, this cited hotel implement its business operations, the values
and beliefs of society can be impact on the decision of managers as well as leaders both. To
context to accomplish the aims and objectives of firm in a proper manner, it is necessary for Elm
Tree Hotel to follow all the rules and norms of society in an effective or proper manner.
Technological- The technology is helpful in increasing the business and its productivity.
It can impact on the business operations. With the help of adopting the new technology, firm can
provide the better quality of goods and products to customers (Tummala and Schoenherr, 2011).
Legal- It includes the legal system which is developed through the United Kingdom
government in order to manage an economic development of country. It can be impact on the
actions as well as decisions of managers or leaders.
Economic- It includes some components like inflation, deflation rate, interest rates which
can be impact on business activities and operations of Elm Tree Hotel.
CONCLUSION
It get concluded from the project that management and operations both are differ from
each other. Management is a wider term on the other hand operation is a part of management

which need more and more keen focus on business and its activities. Leaders and managers both
are distinct from each other in respect to their role and characteristics as well. In different
situation of business, managers and leaders apply their role in an effective manner so that better
and appropriate results could be gain. There are various leadership theories are determine which
have to apply by management as per the requirement of situation. Moreover, various key
approaches of operation management also get evaluated in this project with role of leaders and
managers play in order to accomplish all objectives and targets properly. Through effective
operation, business become able to accomplish all objectives and targets properly which have to
understand by an association properly.

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