OUM Project: Skills & Knowledge of Project Manager in Construction 4.0

This project, undertaken as part of a Bac (Hons) program at OUM Pasir Gudang, investigates the critical skills and knowledge required by project managers to successfully implement Construction 4.0. The research explores the background of the construction industry, its evolution, and the impact of Industry 4.0. It identifies the essential skills for project managers, including flexible planning, leadership, communication, time management, and risk management. The project also delves into the challenges faced in providing project managers with the necessary skills and knowledge, along with strategies to overcome these hurdles. The methodology includes a literature review, research design, data collection, and analysis, culminating in findings, discussion, and recommendations regarding the future of project management in the construction industry. The study aims to prepare project managers for the shift towards Construction 4.0, addressing issues related to traditional construction methods and the adoption of new technologies like BIM and smart manufacturing.

Running head: ROLE AND IMPACT OF INDUSTRY 4.0
Bac (Hons) Project and Facility Management
PROJECT TITLE
SKILLS & KNOWLEDGE OF PROJECT MANAGER TOWARDS CONSTRUCTION 4.0
MATRICULATION NO : 610613016127001
IDENTITY CARD NO. : 610613016127
TELEPHONE NO. : 0127362807
E-MAIL : [e-mail]
LEARNING CENTRE : OUM Pasir Gudang

1ROLE AND IMPACTS OF INDUSTRY 4.0
Abstract
Industry 4.0 has a vital impact on almost every sector and its future implications are to be
understood. There are various facts that need to be considered in the fourth industrial
revolution. The skills of project manager are considered essential for industrial revolution as
in order to handle the rapid changes it is necessary that project managers handle the changes
and these changes are properly clarified to the workforce. The industrial revolution 4.0 has to
consider all aspects of a leader so that the changes that are to be brought in the organizations
can be well communicated to the staffs so that they feel connected to the technological
innovations. Lastly, the results of the survey have been analyzed to understand the scenario.
Keywords: Industry 4.0, Construction 4.0, Building Information Model, Leadership
skills and research methodology.

2ROLE AND IMPACTS OF INDUSTRY 4.0
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction....................................................................................................................3
1.1 Background.......................................................................................................................3
1.2 Problem Statement............................................................................................................4
1.3 Research Aim, Objectives and Questions.........................................................................5
1.4 Significance of the research..............................................................................................5
1.5 Definition of terms............................................................................................................6
Chapter 2: Literature Review...........................................................................................................7
2.1 Required skills and knowledge required for project manager towards Construction 4.0..........7
2.2 Challenges in providing the project managers with required skills and knowledge towards
Construction 4.0...............................................................................................................................9
2.3 Strategies providing the project managers with required skills and knowledge towards
Construction 4.0.............................................................................................................................11
Chapter 3: Methodology................................................................................................................15
3.1 Introduction..............................................................................................................................15
3.2 Research Philosophy................................................................................................................15
3.3 Research Approach..................................................................................................................16
3.4 Research Design......................................................................................................................17
3.5 Data Collection........................................................................................................................17
3.6 Data Sources used....................................................................................................................18

3ROLE AND IMPACTS OF INDUSTRY 4.0
3.7 Sampling Technique................................................................................................................19
3.7 Data Analysis techniques.........................................................................................................19
3.7 Ethical Consideration...............................................................................................................19
3.8 Timeline...................................................................................................................................20
3.9 Expected Outcomes.................................................................................................................21
Sample of Questionnaire…………………………………………………………………22
Chapter 4: Data Analysis and Findings ………………………………………………….24
Chapter 5: Discussion and Recommendation…………………………………………….35
5. Summary of Main findings…………………………………………………………….35
5. Discussion & Implications……………………………………………………………..37
5.3 Limitations of the study………………………………………………………………38
5.4 Direction for future research…………………………………………………………..39
• Bibliography/ Reference…………………………………………………………………40

4ROLE AND IMPACTS OF INDUSTRY 4.0
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 Background
As commented by Tabassi et al., (2016), construction industry has a significant contribution
to a country’s economy. It employs a large number of individuals and has a significant
contribution to gross domestic product of the country. The industry has been trying to
develop its fundamental assets in various projects. Traditional constructional projects have
been taking a long time to complete and becoming complex. Malaysian Construction Industry
(MCI) has been reorganized as one of the important industries in Malaysia. As commented by
García de Soto et al., (2019), there are more than 64000 number of contractors in the country
who have been registered under Malaysian government. In the era of digitalization
modernized technology are being made use of in the construction industry. The
implementation of success factors, controlling risk management and utilizing proper
technology have been major factors in success or failure of a project in construction industry.
As mentioned by Dziekoński, (2017), project manager has been can be held responsible for
communication and coordination of stakeholders that led to success of a project. Skills and
knowledge of a project manager have been playing an important role in maintaining a key
approach in the success of the project. The competency level of a project manager has a
significant effect on the performance of projects in the construction industry. The rapid
development of the society and their needs have been causing issues in the construction
industry. The concept of construction 4.0 has been new to the industry and projects.
Traditional methods used in the construction sites have been complex and slow. As per
studies of Taraba, Trojan & Kavková (2017), traditional methodology in construction
projects consumes more time and energy of natural resources. Sustainable development
strategies have been a common concept running all over the world. The visionary ideas of
construction 4.0 include smart manufacturing, Smart production and use of smart

5ROLE AND IMPACTS OF INDUSTRY 4.0
technologies in construction industry. As suggested by Aretoulis, (2018), the use of
construction 4.0 has been increasing in these days in Malaysia. Malaysia has been looking
forward for the use of construction 4.0. This requires a great role of a project manager top
implement Construction 4.0 concepts in their construction. Therefore, skills and knowledge
regarding utilization of construction 4.0 is required in a project manager. This research
focuses on the skills and knowledge that a project manager requires to implement
construction 4.0 in their projects. This research will also help in identifying issues in
implementing construction 4.0 concepts in the construction projects in Malaysia.
1.2 Problem Statement
Major problem discussed in this research is related to the utilization of traditional conceit of
construction in the projects. Traditional conceit of construction is complex and time
consuming. As mentioned by Masudaet al., (2016), this has slows down construction projects
in Malaysia. However, the concept of construction 4.0 tried in several construction projects
and had been failure due to lack of knowledge of project manager. Since these concept in the
construction industry is new, project manager are facing issues in acquiring knowledge and
skills for Construction 4.0. Many construction projects in the country have been a failure due
to poor guidance of project manager. Therefore, this has been a great issue in the construction
industry. Therefore, this research has helped in focusing on identifying skills and knowledge
that is required by a project manager to implement Construction 4.0 concept.
1.3 Research Aim, Objectives and Questions
The aim of this study is to prepare the project manager towards skill and knowledge required
for Construction 4.0.
Research objectives mentioned below:
 To identify the required skills as well as knowledge that is required for project
manager towards Construction 4.0.

6ROLE AND IMPACTS OF INDUSTRY 4.0
 To identify the challenges in providing the project managers with essential skills as
well as knowledge towards Construction 4.0.
 To identify the strategies providing the project managers with essential skills as well
as knowledge towards Construction 4.0.
Research questions mentioned below:
 What are skills and knowledge required for project manager towards Construction
4.0?
 What issues are faced in providing project managers with essential skills and
knowledge towards Construction 4.0?
 How to provide project managers with essential skills and knowledge towards
Construction 4.0.?
1.4 Significance of the research
This research aims at identifying skills and knowledge required by project manager in
the construction 4.0. Issues and challenges which are faced in the construction industry
regarding the use of industry 4.0, as this is a new technology in the market. Project managers
are not able to handle this new concept of industry 4.0, which contains many new
technologies in it. Project manager have been habitual with traditional method of construction
and have less knowledge about construction 4.0. The collaboration with automation and new
technologies in construction projects have been facing challenges due to lack of knowledge
and skills in project managers. Project manager has the major role to play in the success of a
project. Significant attention has been paid towards the management and planning of the
project. The implementation of success factors, controlling risk management and utilizing
proper technology have been major factors in the success or failure of a project in the
construction industry. Therefore, this research will help in understanding and identifying
skills and knowledge required for project manager to implement Construction 4.0 in projects.

7ROLE AND IMPACTS OF INDUSTRY 4.0
Issues faced by project manager in providing knowledge and skills related to construction
industry were discussed.
1.5 Definition of terms
Construction 4.0: It is a branch of industry 4.0 that refers to fourth revolution in industrial
sector. This includes Building Information Model (BIM) and other digitalization of
construction industry.
Building Information Model: It is 3D process that provides engineering and construction
professionals about insight as well as tools for efficient plan and design construction
infrastructures.

8ROLE AND IMPACTS OF INDUSTRY 4.0
Chapter 2: Literature Review
2.1 Required skills and knowledge required for project manager towards
Construction 4.0.
As per studies of Kwofie, Adinyira & Botchway (2015), construction projects are complex in
nature and require great skills and knowledge for completing it successfully. There is a
requirement of vast amount of knowledge and skills for completing a construction project
successfully. R5r
However, with the implementation of Construction 4.0 in digital age, skills and knowledge of
project manager have been changed. As mentioned by Shibani & Sukumar , (2015),
previously, skills and knowledge posed by a project manager are suitable for traditional
construction projects. However, with the digitalization of construction industry, new
technologies have been implemented in constructions projects. Therefore, there is a
requirement of new set of skills and knowledge by a project manager to handle projects under
construction 4.0. Following are some of the identified skills and knowledge that is required
by project manager in Construction 4.0:
Flexible and transparent planning: As projects tends to mention quickly regarding time and
money, it has been vital for managers to think and plan accordingly. Therefore, with the
digitalization in the construction industry, planning is an important part in construction
projects. As mentioned by Mohammad, Hassan & Yaman, (2017), Increment in demands of
constructing infrastructures at a faster rate, transparent and flexible planning skills are
necessary for project manager to understand and learn. This work requires transparency
related to all processes included Construction 4.0. This planning needs to be flexible enough
to be modified at any condition as required.

9ROLE AND IMPACTS OF INDUSTRY 4.0
Leadership: Project managers need to be a good leaders in their work. Leadership does not
inky mean to manage the team properly rather providing a secured plan and path to the team
regarding success of the project. As mentioned by Fathi, Daud & Baharum , (2017), project
managers need to learn leadership skills properly that helps in communicating the vision of
Construction 4.0 to their team members. A proper leader is one who leads from the front.
Therefore, gathering knowledge and leadership skills, a project manager can lead team
members in a better approach towards the success of the project.
Communication: Communicating with team members is a great skill to be learned by a
project manager. There are lot of employees and staffs working in a single construction
project. Therefore, it becomes difficult for project manager to communicate ideas and
knowledge to all of the staffs working in the project. However, with digitalization in
construction, communication has become essential for project manager to communicate with
team members. As mentioned by Maskuriy et al., (2019), effective communication requires a
great skills and knowledge for project manager. Project manager can use social media
platform for communicating with their team members and sharing plans and designs of
construction.
Time Management: As mentioned by Sang et al., (2018), successful project managers have
been looking for completing construction projects within deadline. However, with the
implementation of construction 4.0, new technologies have been helping in minimizing time
constraint in the project. As per studies of Yaman et al., (2015), project managers need to
learn skills included in new technology including BIM, Smarty manufacturing techniques and
Auto CAD 3D. These technologies have been helping in designing the plan of the buildings
over software and require less amount of time. Therefore, project manager need to have
knowledge of such technologies which will help him to manage time in construction projects.
Completion of projects within deadline helps in boosting confidence of project manager and

10ROLE AND IMPACTS OF INDUSTRY 4.0
team in an organization. Managing time with the help of technologies have been playing an
important role in the constructions 4.0 projects.
Risk Management: As mentioned by Netto Jr & Raju, (2017), management is an important
skill to be possessed by a project manager. Implementation of Construction 4.0 concept
modifies physical risks into technical risks. Construction 4.0 mainly deals with new
technologies included in construction. Therefore, technical risks need to be identified by
project manager and learn skills to mitigate these risks. Risks can occur at any stage of
construction. Therefore, a project manager need to be ready for managing these risks
involved in the construction projects. As mentioned by Zulch, (2016), the experience of risk
management skills includes identification of risks followed by what to do with those risks.
Effective management of risk has massive benefits in the construction project. It helps in
reducing the chances of failure of a project and increase chances of success of a project.
Therefore, project manager need to learn risk management skills and knowledge in
Construction 4.0.
2.2 Challenges in providing the project managers with required skills and
knowledge towards Construction 4.0.
A project manager should have proper knowledge along with skills to ensure that a project
gets successful. However, there are some issues and challenges in gathering such skills and
knowledge in the construction 4.0. Some of the risks are mentioned below:
High cost of training: Training regarding construction 4.0 include high cost. Technologies
utilized in construction 4.0 are costly and thus training is also high in cost. As mentioned by
Grover & Froese, (2016), the high cost of equipment of technologies has become a barrier in
providing project managers with required skills and knowledge. Construction 4.0 involves
automation and utilization of robots in construction. Therefore, learning automation and

11ROLE AND IMPACTS OF INDUSTRY 4.0
robotics have been costly in nature. Therefore, most of the project managers are not able to
learn new technologies towards Construction 4.0.
Lack of acceptance of technology: As mentioned by Cerezo-Narvaez, Otero-Mateo & Pastor-
Fernandez, (2017), adoption of new technologies in construction industries have been
creating issues in acceptance. Most of the employees and workers in the construction
industries are habituated to traditional form of construction processes. Therefore,
implementation of new technologies under construction 4.0 have been facing challenges.
Project managers are not ready to adopt these new skills and knowledge in their curriculum.
According to investigations of Kwofie, Adinyira and Botchway (2015), Construction
ventures are unpredictable in nature and require extraordinary abilities and information for
finishing it effectively. There is s necessity of huge measure of information and aptitudes for
finishing a development venture effectively. Along these lines, venture supervisor assumes a
significant job in the advancement of the development venture effectively. Nonetheless, with
the usage of Construction 4.0 in computerized age, abilities and information on venture
administrator have been changed. As referenced by Shibani and Sukumar , (2015),
beforehand, abilities and information presented by an undertaking chief are appropriate for
conventional development ventures. Be that as it may, with the digitalization of development
industry, new advancements have been actualized in developments ventures. Hence, there is a
necessity of new arrangement of aptitudes and information by an undertaking supervisor to
deal with ventures under development 4.0. Following are a portion of the distinguished
aptitudes and information required by an undertaking administrator in Construction 4.0:
Adaptable and straightforward arranging: As tasks will in general notice rapidly with respect
to time and cash, it has been imperative for chiefs to think and plan in like manner. In this