Exploring the Purposes of Education and Its Impact on Higher Education

This report delves into the multifaceted purposes of education and their profound influence on higher education institutions, examining the creation of knowledge, current educational practices, and their impact on student learning. It highlights the importance of higher education for career development, socialization, and personal growth, while also addressing key issues such as lack of teacher training, the need to improve teaching standards, and disparities among institutions. The report further analyzes the positive impacts of effective educational practices, including career guidance, service learning, and student-centered curriculum design. Factors that create issues for learners to complete their higher education are also discussed, leading to a comprehensive overview of the challenges and opportunities within the higher education system and how to resolve them. The report also covers education for reproduction and education for transformation to summarize the entire study.

What are the purposes of education and
how does it influence what happens in
Higher education institutions?

Contents
Contents...........................................................................................................................................2
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
KNOWLEDGE CREATION...........................................................................................................2
Issues in current educational practices........................................................................................3
Impact of educational practices on learning of learners..............................................................4
Factors that create issue for learners to complete their higher education....................................5
EDUCATION FOR REPRODUCTION.........................................................................................6
EDUCATION FOR TRANSFORMATION.................................................................................10
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................14
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................16

INTRODUCTION
Education is the essential part of human life. Employers hire people those who have great
knowledge about the field and have ability to perform well in organization. Most of the firm
recruits graduate people and give them chance to make career through higher education.
Pursing higher education, getting master's degree make the person able to get better employment
opportunities (Carneiro and et.al., 2015). It assists in living standard life. Statistical records show
that unemployment rate can be influenced by higher education. If the person has master's degree
then it makes the person able to make their own choice regarding career and field. People those
who have completed their master's degree there median weekly income is approx $1,326.
Education is very important that gives career, social, personal benefits to individual. Recently
teachers are unable to provide quality education to students. It is because changing political
condition, economic condition and poor educational laws (Artess and et.al, 2014). Most of the
people leave their higher education in between of their study duration due to poor economic
condition. These are the essential factors that influence what happen in the higher education
institutes.
Higher education can be defined as getting education at college and university where
lecturers provide in-depth detail about each subject. It is the advance level learning that helps the
learner in getting career opportunities in the future (Thingstrup, Schmidt and Andersen, 2017). It
is optional for the person, individual can get enrolled in higher education after completion of
secondary education. In the higher education individual get opportunity to learn in-depth about
specific subject. That assists in getting professional knowledge that can be used in real life
professional environment.
Higher education is an essential topic because it assists the individual in making their
career and contributing well in development of the nation. Changes in educational institutes
impact on overall development of the students (Weiss, 2015). Thus, this topic is important to
know about the current practices of higher educational institutes and how various factors impact
on education system to great extent. This study is beneficial for the educational institutes in
making positive changes in its practices so that teachers can be able to provide quality education
to learners. This will aid in identifying current issues in the educational system and why learners
are unable to continue their high studies (Cornwell, 2016). This will help in resolving issues of
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current educational system so that students can get quality education and can develop their
knowledge in order to get better employment opportunities.
Present study is based on University of Cambridge. It is second oldest university that
provide knowledge and education to the under graduate and post graduate students. It offers
them chance to get campus placement (Biesta, 2015). Current report will discuss issues in the
university and why learners do not complete their higher education. Furthermore, it will focus on
the current educational practices that impact on learning of learners. It will explain importance of
education for the students and how higher education can help them in living a good life. In
addition, study will cover the areas or factors that influence educational system in UK and ways
through which these issues can be resolved.
The report will first cover knowledge creation aspect in which importance of higher
education and issues in current educational practices will be covered. In knowledge creation part
factors that impact on education system will be involved (Bellei and Cabalin, 2013).
Furthermore, study will discuss on education for reproduction and education for transformation.
At the end of the report entire study will be summarized.
KNOWLEDGE CREATION
Importance of higher education
Education plays significant role in human life, it makes significant changes in the life and
gives chance to be developed and grow (Carneiro and et.al., 2015). School education is just a
primary stage where individual get to know about basic things that makes the person aware with
situation whereas higher education gives chance to individual to be developed and get in-depth
detail about subject area. Teachers now have become center point for policy makers, they give
clear guidance to the policy makers about what chances are required in this system in order to
improve condition of higher education. Learners have various purpose to enrolled in higher
education. Three main purposes are qualification, socialization and subjectification (Artess and
et.al, 2014). Modern society believes that individual can not be able to live a healthy life until
unless individual get proper education. It helps the person in getting career benefits. The main
agenda of each student to take education is to make their career in the future. Till school level
education they do not have proper knowledge about the field in which they want to go. But
higher education enhances their knowledge about various areas in which person can make their
career (Thingstrup, Schmidt and Andersen, 2017). Most of the employers hire people those who
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are completing their higher education or have completed this degree. Because they know person
who are getting higher education have adequate theoretical knowledge about industry and its
practices. These people are ready to work in organization in fewer salaries as compare to
experienced person. This qualification enhances chances of growing in their life and live a safe
and secure life (Biesta, 2015).
Another importance of education is that by completing higher education student has less
chance to live with poverty. If the person completes their higher degree than individual can get
social benefits as well. This makes the person able to spend money for fulfilling their social
needs. Individual can become able to work as volunteer for improving condition of society.
Education is important for achieving personal benefits as well (Cornwell, 2016). It assists person
in becoming more sensitive and gain knowledge about cultural aspects. Individual becomes able
to make sound decision for their development. Young people get influenced by wrong activities
soon but education make them able to take correct judgment and turn their life in right direction.
It develops critical thinking skill and communication skill. Education makes the person able to
enhance their confidence.
Issues in current educational practices
In education system, there are different types of issues that are faced. With time, there are
many changes that have taken place and these changes are made in order to make each
individuals able to develop their learning and understanding (Boud, Cohen and Sampson, 2014).
In spite of making such considerations of changes, there is various type of problems that are
faced. With this respect, below given are the problems that are faced:
Lack of training: There are different types of subjects that are taken by teachers and it is
important that all the teachers who are involved in the higher education system have proper
knowledge and understanding (Guruler, Istanbullu and Karahasan, 2010). In conditions when
they do not possess such knowledge, then it has negative impact over students. There are various
doubts that students and it is required to have appropriate interest over the subjects that are to be
taken. This is only developed when students are able to clarify all their doubts that raised within
their mind for the subject (Bowen, 2018). In order to overcome this problem, all the teachers
should be provided with proper training in relation with their subjects so that they are able to
develop effective understanding and support provided to students can be raised. There is no
training teachers do not understand how they do the job in respected filed and none of this goal
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are possible. Training is one of the most important part for each and every activity and makes
some changes in education system and increase profit and market share. An education institution
provide proper training and make some changes and improve work (Popescu, Badica and
Moraret, 2010).
Raising professional status of teaching: This is can be considered to be the challenge
which is raised due to choice that is made for teaching as a career so that skilled or capable
people can be hired who can support the educational system to grow in positive direction (Lee
and Hallinger, 2012). There are different types of educational courses that can be undergone by
individuals but these are only effective when there are skilled professionals who can guide and
direct students to grow in effective manner. To be focus on skills or capability of people for a
specified job and make some improvement in education sector. The advanced public presentation
of these state is due in part to intentional long-term plan of action to recruit future Edward Teach
from their best and agleam school leave of absence. A figure of administrative district have come
through with usually over a period in devising instruction highly attentiveness and sought-after
line of piece of work.
Reducing disparity among colleges: All the schools at a particular location should have
proper understanding regarding the type of education system that is delivered by them (Brown
and Knight, 2012). This is effective enough to make each of the student skilled and capable
towards carrier that they are willing to choice.
Designing curriculum: The type of understanding that each of the student have in relation
with developing their knowledge will be different. In this context, it is required to have proper
changes to be made in relation with the teaching practices that are followed (Abu-Naser, Al-
Masri and Zaqout, 2011). The type of preferences that individuals have will be different and
when teachers are not able to determine their preferences, then it becomes difficult for them to
support the rate of growth.
Impact of educational practices on learning of learners
When all the practices followed by teachers are effective, then it enables the individual to
grow in effective manner. Apart from this, all these are only possible when all the teachers
involved in delivering educational support have proper understating towards the roles and
responsibilities that has to be played by them (Harper, 2012). With this respect, below given are
few of the positive impact of educational practices on learning of learner:
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Helping students to choose their careers: In this modern world, individuals do not have
proper understanding about the type of considerations that they have to make for their carrier.
However, with the help of proper educational practices, teachers are able to guide students with
the help of which they get to choose their carrier in which they can develop. On the other hand,
help each and every student to choose career and improvement in future execution or achieve
goal. The path of ideal career is not for same everyone (Aher and Lobo, 2011). To choose for
something is happens at young age and provide extra benefit for such kind activity and make
some changes in overall development of students careers.
Service learning/community engagement: Higher education is considered to be the most
effective way that enables to determined skills that are required by a person through which they
can be in positive direction. Further, it provides teachers to monitor each student’s performance.
When this is done, then it becomes favourable enough to identify the areas in which development
can be made (Boud, Cohen and Sampson, 2014). As per the findings made by teachers, they can
design proper curriculum that can help students to develop their skills and capabilities in
effective manner.
Learning centered course design: The type of design that is developed by teaching
education enables students to make each one to be focused on the goals that are set. On the other
hands, when the design curriculum develop it is not effective enough, then it becomes difficult
for students to attain their goals and objectives (Persson and Oscarsson, 2010).
Factors that create issue for learners to complete their higher education
Various type of factors arise which create problems for the learner to complete their
higher education. All these type of factors make students to have negative impact. With this
respect, below given are the factors that create issue for learner to complete their higher
education:
Finance: In all type of education system, there are certain amounts that are to be paid.
There are conditions in which students are not able to continue their course due to high finance
(Bowen, 2018). In this context, it is important to make sure that proper support from the side of
government should be provided so that students are able to complete their course. It is one of the
most important factor that is give big impact on education sector. Some time not provide proper
finance and that is give negative impact on education sector. In addition, high courses are need
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high cost, but some time few families are not afforded costly education. So, government is help
and improve overall performance and make some changes in educational sector (Hashimoto,
Kato and Kobayashi, 2011).
Lack of interest: At the initial stage, it is required to make sure that all the information in
relation with the type of courses should be analysed. The type of taste and preferences from the
side of people differs. When a source is selected and it is not a student expected, then it becomes
difficult for them to focus on their education. With this respect, proper analysis should be made
in which the course selected will help in growth and development of the student in their future
carrier (Kober and Usher, 2012). Some time students are having lack of interest on particular
subject and different kind of taste and preference is must or improve overall development in
education sector.
Lack of support: Learner face issues to complete their higher education when teachers
who are responsible do not have appropriate understanding towards the areas that has to be
covered or guidance provided by them is not appropriate (Brown and Knight, 2012). With this
respect, it is important that proper consideration is made in which all the teachers involved
contribute effective towards delivering support so that students are able to grow in positive
direction. In addition, family support is most essential to improve education sector in higher
education. This is give negative impact and improve overall development education sector.
EDUCATION FOR REPRODUCTION
In modern societies it consists of positive significant associations that are related with
status attainment and social origin and this is considered to be the most important medicated
educational attainment. For attainment of occupation, education is one of the important
predictors (Agbetuyi and Oluwatayo, 2012). This way, it can be stated that this an essential
vehicle for social mobility. Attainment of education is affected with social background and also
helps in considering a way that can intergenerational reproduction of social inequality. As per the
type of perception that is carried out by individuals at different countries, education plays vital
role in creating opportunity to people for job. Apart from this, it also consists of cognitive skills
that are required and preferred by companies as there are different type of roles and
responsibilities that has to be played when a person do not possess such skills, then it has
negative impact over performance (Blossfeld and Shavit, 2010).
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There are training and development programs that are required to be provided by
companies when individuals are hired. However, when the person selected already has skills as
per the job roles, then it is benefits for the firm as the total cost that is incurred by these firms get
reduced (Aher and Lobo, 2011). On the other hand, education is also important for a person to
possess as it helps to consider the consistency of the student in their performance. The direct
relation among socioeconomic position and social origin attained varies across school levels
which are being significant among the individuals who have low education. This way, there not
significant changes identified in occupational status that is granted between families of higher
and lower socioeconomic status with their degree received from college (Bellei and Cabalin,
2013).
For this phenomenon, there are different types of explanations that are provided. In this
context, one of the explanations includes labour market for tertiary graduates meritocratic
recruitment criteria prevail. Employers do not take consideration of the characteristic that a
person should possess for the vacant position or other resources that are potentially associated
with social background (Guruler, Istanbullu and Karahasan, 2010). For example social
connections and cultural capital. But the only consideration made by employers is for the
education and skills that individuals possess. Increased burocratization is considered to be the
reason for reduction in reliance on ascriptive traits. This contributes to shrink to scope for
professions and their role of families tries to find out some jobs.
Further, the research conducted by others, it is identified that individuals who have higher
education and specially for them whose families are rich have better probability for gaining
university degree when it is compared with other students with lower level of education or
families which are poor (Popescu, Badica and Moraret, 2010). This is a common perception that
is carried out by individuals in which people who receive higher education have better
information and skills in relation with getting job. Education has direct impact on employers to
know the perception that is carried out by each one. The degree for which selectivity for these
type of population get affected with overall participation who are involved in higher education.
Further, it also includes opportunities related with lower educational levels. At European
countries, in recent decades it is identified that there is an expansion for tertiary education that
has been noticeable implication for processes under discussion (Lee and Hallinger, 2012). More
specifically, there is an increase identified in lower class students who focus on completing their
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higher education. Due to this, there is a reduction in tertiary studies and it has also identified an
increase in heterogeneity of graduates in terms of unmeasured aspirations and abilities. Further,
the value for labour market have identified diminish in number of people with qualification
increases. With the expansion in education can cause process of credential inflation. In order to
get an occupational position it is required to have superior qualification when it is compared with
past (Abu-Naser, Al-Masri and Zaqout, 2011). Further, it also identified that upper class are
more conscious regarding this type of issue as there are increase in people who are focused ion
receiving higher education. In earlier trend people who used to undergo higher education were
low. However, this rate has increased and the opportunities that these people used to get have
reduced. This way, more focus on made of people who have higher grade and skills that will suit
as per the requirement of job.
Upper class families will focus on maintaining their offspring’s advantages making use of
different resources and strategies (Persson and Oscarsson, 2010). There is one of the theory that
is also considered which is effective maintained inequality thesis. In accordance with this theory,
people who are advantaged through socioeconomically secure themselves and their children.
When the different related with quantitative are common, then socioeconomically advantaged
can obtain quantitative advantages. In condition when there is an expansion of enrolment
identified in higher education, then choice will be made for their children towards best options
for education (Hashimoto, Kato and Kobayashi, 2011). Further, this type of order is maintained
for their relative advantages. When considering higher education, two main axes of opportunities
to their graduates and institutional stratification that is provided for different resources. Further,
vertical stratification can be determined as distinct course cycles or levels. These are arraigned in
sequence each of the cycles that are included in this have higher degree and many years of
education when it is compared with previous one. On the other hand, for horizontal stratification,
there are two kinds of differences, one is various types of educational sectors and are classified
on the basis of degree of selectivity, academic prestige and quality of instruction (Kober and
Usher, 2012). For the second part of the aspect it refers to academic discipline, selectivity,
economic prestige, economic payoffs, etc. this way, it can be stated that people are not able to
understand the requirements in appropriate manner in which one can get education with high
level when individuals have proper interest for the same. Apart from this, it requires to determine
various type of activities that are included in the process of development. In addition to this,
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opportunities need to be considered so that people are able to develop their skills as per
requirement and get hired (Agbetuyi and Oluwatayo, 2012).
Transformation impacts positive on the higher education system. It helps in bringing the
latest technologies in the universities so that lecturers can provide quality education to the
learners and students can get more detail about the subject. This assists learners in knowing
opportunities for them in the future (Artess and et.al., 2014). Now education for transformation is
paying attention on involving such material that can be helpful in career development of young
people. Now-a-days universities and educational institutes are concentrating on such study
material and giving practical knowledge to students. So that they can get more opportunities and
they can make bright career. Use of internet have helped the lecturers in giving visual
presentations so that individual can collect in-depth information about the field and can enhance
their knowledge (Blossfeld and Shavit, 2010).
Government of the country continuously paying attention on transformation of education
system and making it more innovative. The main motive of authorities to transformation is to
make the person able to contribute well in economic development of the nation. Digital
transformation have completely changed scenario of the education system. Now many online
courses are available that makes the person able to get higher education at minimum cost. They
can complete their higher studies without going college. Such type of platform gives chance to
the learners to translate their vision into reality and fulfil their dreams. This has improved
teaching practices in the education system (Carneiro and et.al., 2015).
Though, education for transformation has positively affected learners and education
system but there are some negative impact as well. Due to high use of internet and technologies
people are unable to get basic things related to their subject area. They want to get more detail
but fails to concentrate on class room training that gives them basic understanding so that they
can understand big matters easily (Aher and Lobo, 2011). It is the fact that in most of the culture
girls do not get chance to complete their higher studies. This educational transformation is
beneficial for improving lives of young people and women. By this way they can be able to
complete their studies in effective manner. This can help them in building their career and to be
self depended. Transformation is the philosophy of educational institutes that works for the
development of children those who want to complete their higher education. But some times'
transformation impact negative because lecturers have to involve such objectives that can give
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knowledge to learners about real workplace environment (Bellei and Cabalin, 2013). This
sometimes create issue for the students to gain theoretical information about new technologies'
and ethical behaviour aspects (Biesta, 2015). On pother hand education for transformation
evaluate framework that are applied in current workplace so that standards can be identified and
lecturers can provide education to these people as per the standards. Policy makers are
continuously evaluating current practices so that loop fall in the system can be addressed. This
helps in measuring the factors that force young students to not to continue their studies. By this
way policy makers can work on these issue and can make effective policies so that enough
improvement can be made in education system for providing quality education to learners in
higher education (Weiss, 2015).
EDUCATION FOR TRANSFORMATION
With time, there is different type of changes that has taken place in relation with the
educational system. These changes are considered so that people are able to develop their
learning and understanding in positive direction (Guruler, Istanbullu and Karahasan, 2010). With
this respect, it is important for the schools and colleges to implement effective scale in which use
of modern technology is done so that individuals can get benefited in positive direction. Use of
computers has highly raised and these are used so that people are able to learn through visual
presentation made. For a person to learn the type of preferences that are carried by each one will
be different. There will be some of them who can be developed their understanding through
visual presentation, some with practical experiences, etc. All these type of preferences is possible
when appropriate considerations are done by using transformation education (Popescu, Badica
and Moraret, 2010). As per the research that are carried out, it identified that in past few decades
countries like Singapore and Hong Kong have lifted their performance dramatically with the help
of system wide education transformation. Majority of schools have fostered authentic
competency depending upon learning that is supported with technology to inspire and engage
their students. It is important to make sure that the rate of support from the side of people is high.
In conditions where the interest of students is high, then it becomes helpful to make sure that all
the activities which are developed are carried out in effective manner (Lee and Hallinger, 2012).
All these type of system is focused on vision that is used for equipping students that is created
with communication, collaboration and creativity and STEM skills that are required to be
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