Supply Chain Methods for LNG Project Success in Mozambique

This report provides a critical analysis of supply chain methods for liquefied natural gas (LNG) projects in Mozambique. It begins with a literature review, examining the role of supply chain management in LNG projects and its economic and social impacts on Mozambique. The report explores various supply chain methodologies, infrastructure challenges, and solutions for oil and gas distribution. It investigates the impact of supply chains on the oil and gas industry, focusing on transportation infrastructure, including ports, roads, and pipelines. The analysis covers the economic effects of LNG projects, including exports, imports, and human resource management. The report also highlights the importance of government strategies and investments in infrastructure to support LNG supply and discusses the country's significant natural gas reserves. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of effective supply chain management for the success of LNG projects in Mozambique, which contributes to the country's economic growth and social welfare.

CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF SUPPLY
CHAIN METHODS FOR LIQUEFIED
NATURAL GAS PROJECT SUCCESS IN
MOZAMBIQUE

Table of Contents
1 LITERATURE REVIEW.............................................................................................................1
1.1 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................1
1.2 LNG Projects and Supply chain Management......................................................................1
1.3 Economic and social impact of LNG projects in Mozambique............................................3
1.4 Supply Chain Methodologies................................................................................................5
1.5 Infrastructure as obstacle.......................................................................................................7
1.6 Scm Solutions For Oil And Gas Distribution.......................................................................9
1.7 Impact of supply chain for the oil and gas industry............................................................10
1.8 Reflective Report................................................................................................................11
1.9 CONCLUSION...................................................................................................................12
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................14

1 LITERATURE REVIEW
1.1 INTRODUCTION
Supply chain management (SCM) is the management of the flow of goods and services
which involves the movement and storage of raw materials, of work-in-process inventory, and of
finished goods from point of origin to point of consumption. Mozambique LNG is emerging as a
future leader in the global LNG industry as it works to develop an LNG facility on the Afungi
peninsula in Cabo Delgado province. In accordance with this context, this chapter of dissertation
will consist of literature review in which critical analysis of supply chain methods used for
transportation of liquefied petroleum gas in Mozambique in reviews of various authors and
researchers. Supply chain management plays a very vital role in the business entity by which
target of the organisation can attain in a specific time period. Effective planning and correct
decision can take with help of supply chain from souring of raw material for production. In this
present literature review, researcher has focused on the analysis of the method of supply chain
management for oil and gas projects success in Mozambique.
1.2 LNG Projects and Supply chain Management
Mozambique is the country located at south east part of Africa Continent. The country is
known for it climate and wildlife. It is a country on the Indian ocean coast of southern Africa
which is bordered by south Africa to the south, Tanzania to the north and with inland borders
with Malawi, Zambia and Zimbabwe and Swaziland. The major objective of this literature
review is to critically appraise the economic and social impact of LNG projects on the oil and
gas SCM and transport infrastructure in Mozambique. Liquefied natural gas is natural gas that
has been converted to liquid form for ease and safety of non pressurised storage or transport.
Natural gas is mainly converted in to the LNG to achiever the natural gas transport over the seas
where laying pipelines is not feasible technically and economically. In this industry, supply chain
management helps in large manner as corporation can effectively deliver the oil and gas services
to its customer in excellent manner with help of several tools and method of the supply chain
management. There is huge social and economic impact of the LNG project in the mentioned
country because this industry can generate huge national income. While any changes occurs in
this sector then its entirely influence to the economy.
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According to Neuman, Tissot and Mabrey, (2017) in 2012 large natural gas reserves were
discovered in Mozambique which impacts on the social and national economy of the country
effectively and efficiently. The transportation sector of Mozambique was greatly affected by the
urge to deliver the natural gas to global market (Mozambique – Transportation, 2017). The
researcher critically said that this will not only bloom the national economy of the country but
also provide effective source of revenue in the country. Gülen, (2016) argued that in order to
increase the transportation and supply of liquefied natural gas the government need to expand
and upgrade its existing ports, roads, rail lines and aviation facilities. This will impact on the
national economy of the country. Mozambique is classified into three corridors that link ports to
inland countries. Micheli and et.al., (2016) said that Maputo corridor at south, Beira corridor at
centre and Nacala Corridor at north are majorly responsible for transportation of liquefied natural
gas to other nations.
Du and Paltsev, (2014) contends that supply chain methods plays important role in
transportation of liquefied natural gas from Mozambique to other nations effectively and
efficiently. The supply chain management aids in increasing the productivity and profitability of
the liquefied natural gas industries incorporating in Mozambique. The success of these industries
relies on the supply chain methodologies implemented and executed by the management of these
organisations. Medlock, Jaffe and O'Sullivan, (2014) said that there are various supply chain and
logistics which are used by oil and gas industries incorporating in the country. These methods
promulgated the supply efficiently and leads to growth and development of the country. The
major exports of oil and gas are made through ships and vessels which delivers the crude oil and
liquefied natural gas from ports of Mozambique to different countries. Vivoda, (2014) stated the
advantages of supply chain methodologies used by the management of the liquefied natural gas
industries. They said the success of organisations depends upon the effectiveness in their supply
chain methodologies. de Jong and et.al., (2017) comments upon the methods of supplying
liquefied natural gas within the countries with the help of underground pipelines and specific
containers. With the help of these containers and pipelines, the industries supply their extracted
liquefied natural gas to the villages and urban areas of Mozambique. In the opinion of Pérez and
et.al., (2017) supply chain management is the method and procedure by which goods and
services can transfer from the organisation to final customers. With help of this system and
method, oil and gas corporation in the Mozambique can able to deliver the oil and gas services
2

in the country. With assistance of this supply chain management system, oil and gain corporation
can able to deliver and supply the gas and oil to the citizen of this Mozambique country. In the
absence of this effective supply chain management program , LNG project can not survive in the
country.
1.3 Economic and social impact of LNG projects in Mozambique
Hossain, Hasan and Ahmed, (2015) argued that due to constant decrease in the price of
liquefied natural gases, the exports and imports in the country has been affected greatly. The
supply chain management of the projects gone through many transformations and changes in
order to face the consequences effectively. Kutani and Li, (2015) said that in order to develop the
level of supply chain management, the oil and gas industries requires upgrading their human
resource management. Weems and Hwang, (2013) analyses the human resource management of
Mozambique Liquefied Natural Gas Project and contends that the success of the industries relied
on the effectiveness in human resource management and tactics. They further stated that the
organisation model developed by the management aid in increasing the level of production and
profits thus leading the organisation to the path of success and development.
Pedro, (2016) comments that the supply chain methodologies can be developed
effectively if management of those industries compare them with other industries. This will
provide a benchmark on which the management and authorities of project industries can increase
their chances of growth and development. Neuman, Tissot and Mabrey, (2017) stated that there
are various methods which are used by different liquefied natural gas industries in Mozambique
such as just in time delivery, using drones to deliver the oil and gas, etc. so that their sales,
production and revenues can be increased effectively and efficiently. Transport industries –
aviation, rail, shipping and road haulage – can offer learnings in scheduling and managing
disruptions to the oil and gas industries that supporting them efficiently so that their supply chain
management can be improved effectively.
Gülen, (2016) contends that collaborating with other operators will be beneficial for the
supply chain management LNG industries of Mozambique. The management can collaborate
with other logistics supplier who can transport the natural gas from the industries to the
customers. This will aid in generation of more and more revenue, thus impacts on the economy
of both industries and country simultaneously and effectively. Micheli and et.al., (2016) said that
it becomes extremely essential to focus on building a supply chain that is suitable for carrying oil
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and gas resources in Mozambique to support economic growth in this country. If there is lack of
infrastructure facilities to carry liquid products like oil in Mozambique, it would greatly impact
the efficiency and performance of this industry.
Thus, it implies that supply chain management and methods implemented by the
liquefied natural gas projects increases the sales and profitability of the organisation effectively
and efficiently. Further, it aids in promulgating the prosperity of business organisation and
promotes growth and development simultaneously. Further, it impacts on the social and national
economy of the country by providing oil and gas both within and outside the country with the
help of effective supply chain methods and management. From this context, it can be understood
that the success of liquefied natural gas projects incorporating in Mozambique relied on the
effectiveness in the supply chain management.
Rosenfeld, (2012) said about the transportation infrastructure of Mozambique.
Government of the country implemented various strategies that aid in growth and development
of the infrastructure facility in the country. In order to increase the supply of natural gas within
and outside the country, effectiveness in transportation facilities are very essential. According to
Chatterjee and Joshi, (2014) the need to bring natural gas to global markets will drive the
transportation sector in Mozambique. All major ports need to be expanded or upgraded, new
roads and rail lines are required, the local airline needs to expand its fleet and new airline
operators are expected to enter the market in the next few years.
Nielsen, Queface and Mapemba, (2015) argued that transportation facility increases the
supply of liquefied petroleum gas but also impacts on the national economy of the country.
Infrastructure development requires heavy costs and expenses which is to be bear by the
government of Mozambique. Oyewunmi and Iwayemi, (2016) analysis the Pande Gas Pipleline
of Mozambique and contends that the pipeline was developed in order to provide natural gas to
the natives of urban as well as rural areas effectively and efficiently. Shadrina, (2014) said that
the pipeline alone cost $721 million which is 865 kilometres long. The pipeline brings the natural
gas from Mozambique and deliver to South Africa which was sold to Sasol. This implies that
supply chain methodologies are very important in order to increase the growth and development
of organizations effectively and efficiently. From further analysis it was identified that the
government of Mozambique invested huge amount to upgrade the ports, ships and vessels in
order to increase the export of the liquefied natural gas. In this context, Okafor, Carim and
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Onyekonwu, (2016) said that due to decreasing price of LNG, government needs to focus on
more exports rather than imports. This will impact the diminishing economy of the country and
also provide social welfare in the country. In order to increase the productivity of oil and gas
industries, management must focus on upgrading their existing supply chain management
process. This will not only increase the performance of organisations but also lead to their future
success. Wakeford and Swilling, (2014) said that Mozambique the third largest holder of
liquefied natural gas reserves following after Nigeria and Algeria. Approximately 100 trillion
cubic feet of natural gas reserves lies in the wait in the area known as the Rovuma Basin. The
reserves are ample to supply countries like United Kingdom, Germany, France and Italy.
1.4 Supply Chain Methodologies
The supply chain methodologies implemented by the oil and gas industries incorporating
in the country plays essential role in supplying liquefied natural gas in these countries effectively
and efficiently. In this context Clemente, (2011) argued that Mozambique has three main
onshore gas field which are Pande, Temane and Buzi Divinhe however limited to a small amount
natural gas is supplied to the nearby villages. They stated that government and management of
oil and gas industries are more concentrating on exports and eschewing the needs of localities
and societies of the country. This leads to huge impact on social environment of the country.
Miyazaki and Limam, (2013) said that the majority of the nation economy depends on the natural
gas and oil resources. As Mozambique is the thirteenth most poorest nation in the world. With
the help of investments of foreign industries and intensive supply chain management,
Mozambique can improve its economy effectively and efficiently. In this context Guerrero-
Lemus and Shephard, (2017) said that the country could become the world’s third largest
exporter of liquefied natural gas if it attracts sufficient investment form foreign and multinational
companies. In order to that, the liquefied natural gas project companies needs to focus on
upgrading their organizational structure and supply chain management effectively and
efficiently.
Carmalt, (2017) critically said that Mozambique’s oil and natural gas industries can raise
and generate more than 750000 jobs by 2036. This will impacts on both social and national
economy of the country. It will aid in reducing the unemployment rate and promotes growth and
development of economy of the country efficiently. The supply chain of oil and natural gas
industries includes various logistics, ships, vessels, containers and pipelines. This aid in
5

delivering the liquefied natural gas to various households and industries within and outside the
boundary of Mozambique. In this context Dietsche, Sindou and Slaven, (2013) said that a
proposal for a $6 billion new gas pipeline running 2600 kilometer from northern Mozambique to
South Africa will be established in order to supply natural gas effectively and efficiently. It is the
part of management strategy to attracts more investor and increase the productivity and sales
respectively. In this respect Vanclay and Esteves, (2011) said that liquefied natural gas
corporations ties up with South African marine services company named Subtech Group which
started developing pipelines at the Bay of Pemba on the Northern Mozambican coast in Cabo
Delgado after 2010. This improves the supply chain management of the organizations and also
increases the employment level in the country.
Anisie, (2014) said that government along with organizations of the country are keen to
develop the national economy of the country. Further, they are working diligently so that the
revenue of the organisations increases rapidly and efficiently. Supply chain methods play
essential role in promulgate the efficiency of the industries and also improving the delivering of
natural gas process. Supply chain management (SCM) involves close coordination of material
flow through every element in the supply chain naming product development, procurement of
raw material, production, logistics, storage and information flow to add value to the customer in
order to have a competitive advantage. Okafor, Carim and Onyekonwu, (2016) critically argued
that the country has fallen short in providing basic infrastructure requirements such as suitable
housing, transport systems, energy, water and sanitation to the mass population. However in
order to cater to the current boom in the oil and gas (ONG) industry the public investment in
infrastructure had been a political priority in addition to the pressure from the investors of these
massive projects.
Thus, it implies that supply chain management impacts on the growth and development
of the organizations effectively and efficiently. The effectiveness in supply chain methodologies
will determine the success of the organizations.
Pustišek and Karasz, (2017) said that since the discoveries of natural gas, the Republic of
Mozambique has come onto the energy sector radar. Due to effective methods of supply chain,
the industries and liquefied natural gas projects of the country increases their sales and
contributed towards the development of national economy effectively and efficiently. Grigas,
(2017) comments that the whole supply chain of liquefied natural gas dedicated equipments from
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the train used for production to the tanks required for storage, plus export terminal to load
vessels and carriers for transportation. Thus, it implies that supply chain management plays
important role in growth and development of industries operating projects for liquefied natural
gas in Mozambique.
From this context, Barreto, (2012) said that due to effectiveness in supply chain methods
organisations aims to increase the national economy of the country as well as determine to
supply the benefits of natural gas within and outside the country effectively and efficiently.
Supply chain methods aims to increase the productivity of liquefied natural gas projects and
industries incorporating in the country. Gülen, (2014) contends that Anadarko operates the
Mozambique Rovuma A1 project where along with its partners have discovered about 75 trillion
cubic feet of recoverable natural gas resources in Offshore Area 1. With the help of
governmental support and continuous development of LNG project leads to growth and
development of national economy of Mozambique and also providing social benefits to the
residents of the country.
1.5 Infrastructure as obstacle
Silva, (2015) said that the country’s gas industry has the potential to be a major driver of
long-term growth, with the IMF estimating that LNG developments could bring over US$200
billion in GDP over 20 years at 2014 prices. Moreover, Bcfpd in 2013 to feed into local gas
terminals, small domestic consumption and gas exports to South Africa, as large offshore and
onshore gas fields come online to supply LNG projects. The major companies operating in
Mozambique planned to increase their business by increasing exports to countries like Italy,
Germany, United Kingdom and France. Enderlin and Dal Ferro, (2016) said that the investors
from these countries are attracted towards the natural gas reservoirs of Mozambique and wanted
to invest in the liquefied natural gas projects of the country. This will not only promulgate the
national economy of the country but also leads to growth and development of social
infrastructure of the country.
Penney, Stark and Sheales, (2012) in this context, critically examined and argued the role
of government and cost which will be spent on the development of infrastructure in the country.
It will impact on the national economy as the investments will remain contingent. Thus, they
consider this as the risk which will be taken by the government in order to improve the
transportation facility in the country. Lazarevic and Martin, 2016 said that the current
7

transportation infrastructure is not efficient enough. This degraded and diminished the potentials
and growth of the country. In order to supply natural gas, the industries along with governmental
aid needs to focus on growth and development of the economy of the country effectively and
efficiently. Ohimain, (2012) stated that the multinational oil and gas industry incorporating its
activity in Italy confirmed that they have discovered the third largest gas reserve in Mozambique.
They are generous about the concerns and ready to set up an investment plan which will aid in
development of the national economy of the country.
Owen, van der Plas and Sepp, (2013) said that after the development of the infrastructure
facilities in the country, many multinational organisations will be ready to invest in Mozambique
oil and gas industries. Thus, by doing so the government can improve the economy conditions of
the country and recover from deficit economy to surplus economy. Roque, (2014) contends that
Mozambique's remoteness and lack of infrastructure means heavy spending will be needed on
roads, railways and ports even before the new and expensive liquefied natural gas terminals are
built to liquefy the first gas expected in 2018-2019. The management and authorities are looking
up towards China in order to improve their supply chain methodologies effectively and
efficiently. Leung, (2016) said that China National Petroleum corporation easily and cheaply
supplied crude oil and petroleum from Iraq. This implies that Chinese methods and management
can improve the supply chain methodologies of the country effectively and efficiently. As China
can deliver the oil and natural gas cheaply and affordably.
According to Banerjee, Soni and Angelou, (2014) together with India, Beijing is targeting
Africa for natural resources to fuel its economy, and bypassing the volatile Middle East for
energy supplies is particularly appealing. Thus, it is very important for the management of the oil
and gas industries to improve the supply chain methodologies so that the growth and
development of national economy can be accomplish efficiently. In this context Chaikin, (2012)
said that to further support and boost economic growth, Mozambique has called for significant
investment to upgrade old infrastructure and conclude new power generation projects. Major
projects in the pipeline include Mphanda Nkuwa (1500MW) and the north bank expansion of the
Cahora Bassa plant (1245MW).
8

1.6 Scm Solutions For Oil And Gas Distribution
As per Glebova, 2013 the recent statistics about the national economy of the country
states that Mozambique is now at the phase of continuous growth and development. With the
rapid discoveries of giant oil and natural gas reserves, economy of the country blooms very
effectively. Many multinational oil and gas organisations showing interest in Mozambique gas
reserves. It will impact on the social and economy environment of the country efficiently.
Gerssen-Gondelach, Patel and Faaij, (2014) contends that Mozambique is known as poor country
in world, but the increase in liquefied natural gas projects, government aim to eliminate the title
of poor and work diligently to increase the capital and economy of the country.
Rosenfeld, (2012) critically examines the socio economic impacts of liquefied natural gas
projects in Mozambique. With the increase in the supply and exports of oil and natural gas from
the ports of Mozambique, the economic conditions shows some effective results that aid in
growth and development of the country. Further, with the increase in investment and attraction of
investors towards the gas reserves of Mozambique, government able to generate ample amount
of revenue which aid in promulgating the national economy of the country effectively and
efficiently. According to Guerrero-Lemus and Shephard, (2017) in May 2016, Sasol initiated
drilling of the first well for its Production Sharing Agreement (PSA) licence. The first phase of
the projects include 13 wells and an LPG production facility for an estimated cost of $1.4 billion.
Due to the discovery of over 180 tcf of natural gas reserves in the Rovuma basin by Texas-based
Anadarko and ENI (Italy), Mozambique is expected to become a major exporter in 2023.
According to Nielsen, Queface and Mapemba, (2015) with increase in production and
extraction of oil and natural gas, the government can increase their revenue unto $9 billion by
2032. This will impact both the national economy and social economy of the country. On the
contrary government plan to increase their pipelines within the country to supply liquefied
natural gas (LNG) to the locals and residents of both urban and rural areas. Oyewunmi and
Iwayemi, (2016) argued that the pipelines will impact on the natural diversity negatively.
Further, the agriculture sector will be affected greatly by the underground pipeline projects.
Government along with engineers working diligently to improve the supply of oil and natural gas
in the villages without damaging and depleting natural resources of the country.
9

1.7 Impact of supply chain for the oil and gas industry
According to the view of Dubey and et.al., (2017) supply chain management have huge
impact on the oil and gas industry. In the present time, there are huge competition occurs in the
market place where every organisation have developed their own competitive strategy to gain
high outcome and results. In the context of oil and gas industry there are several methods of the
supply chain management used for effectively deliver and supply the oil and gas services to the
customer and other business. It is no more a high profit margin industry because there can not
any margin business for the owner of the organisation. It is very complex and difficult business
because it is very complex to manage this kind of business for the owner. In this situation it is
very important for the organisation to adopt such effective and impressive method of operation
management through which company can effectively supply the oil and gas services in the
market. A well structured and impressive supply chain management can aid to the company in
ensuring to operate the business in lower cost. While an organisation have effective supply chain
management system and method then it can able to produce the product and services in more
excellent manner. A well structured and strong supply chain system can help firms in fastest
delivery and distribution of oil and gas which can help in ensuring effective business operation
and competitiveness. With help of effective supply chain management system and process, firm
in the oil and gas industry can safely and quickly transport the oil and gas products in the
Mozambique. A Supply chain in oil and gas industry can help to the company in transporting the
oil and gas services from organisation to final customers.
According to the view of Zhuo and Wei, (2017) the demand and supply factors have
played a very crucial role in the pricing strategy. There are several kinds of the issue related to
the economic and its development. In this industry it is very important to sFet an impressive
pricing strategy because wrong selection of pricing strategy can hugely impact on the economic
condition of country as well as industry. According to the economic condition of the country,
industry's organisation can set its pricing strategies. It has very important for the oil and gas
bearing countries to develop such impressive pricing strategy which is suitable according to the
economic condition of organisation. There are several sources of the oil and gas which help to
the industry to gain the effective outcome,.With help of these sources, industry can enhance its
sales and profitability.
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In the opinion of Papadopoulos and et.al., (2017) a supply chain operation reference model
delivers an innovative and impressive structure of the supply chain which have linked among
performance, processes, practices and people. In the organisation supply chain have major four
methods such as plan, source and produce and delivers in order to improve the activities and
functions of the supply chain management in the country. In the present time, information
technology and system plays a very crucial role in the oil and gas industry as it helps in
transferring the information and message from one section to another with help of information
technology. In the oil and gas industry system and information technology can assist in improve
efficiency level, track and trace. With help of system and information technology, supplier and
distributor relationship in the oil and gas industry can improve as they can easily share their
message and information with each other and conduct the activities of the supply chain
management in the fastest manner. Sharing of the information helps to the organisation in
organise business activities and function in more effective manner. In addition to this, with help
of system and information technologies, customer can also get the update about the oil and gas
services in the fastest manner as they can get update about the same aspect on the internet. It can
be said that in the supply chain management in the oil and gas industry, information technology
and system can help to the industry in large manner as they can effectively conduct the business
and deliver the services to the customer in right manner. Information can easily transfer between
the distributor and suppliers with help of this information system and technology in the oil and
gas industry.
1.8 Reflective Report
From the entire discussion and analysis of the supply chain management in the oil and
gas industry I have learnt several kinds of knowledge and idea. With help of this literature
review, I have major gained effective knowledge and understanding about the supply chain
management and its various method used in the oil and gas companies. In order to prepare a
systematic literature review on the supply chain management topic, I have collected secondary
information on the supply chain management its various methods which is used in LNG projects.
In order to prepare a systematic literature review on the supply chain management in the Oil and
gas companies , I have collected secondary information from the various sources such as books,
journals, magazines, online articles, blogs, newspaper etc. With help of these secondary sources I
have effectively collect the information about the economic and social impact of LNG projects
11

on the oil and gas SCM and transport infrastructure in Mozambique. My secondary research and
secondary data collection skill has been improved with hep of this literature review. In addition
to this I have learnt that there is very effective significance of the LNG project in the country and
with the help of governmental support and continuous development of LNG project leads to
growth and development of national economy of Mozambique and also providing social benefits
to the residents of the country. I have analysed in this research that Due to effective methods of
supply chain, the industries and liquefied natural gas projects of the country increases their sales
and contributed towards the development of national economy because while industry in the oil
and gas adopt an effective source and techniques of supply chain management then it's
automatically improve their sales and profitability which aid in enhancing country's national
income and economic condition. I have learnt from this discussion that Supply chain
management (SCM) involves an effective coordination of the various activities of the supply of
good and services. It includes product development, procurement of raw material, production,
logistics, storage and information flow to add value etc which help to the organisation in
attaining its target within a period. Thus, from this research I have learnt the significance of the
supply chain management in the oil and gas industry. In addition to this I have also learnt that
there is economic and social impact of LNG projects on the oil and gas supply chain
management in the Mozambique. As in the literature review, the major aim of the researcher is to
critically appraise the economic and social impact of LNG projects on the oil and gas SCM and
transport infrastructure in the Mozambique. Thus, from this aim I have learnt that how LNG
project can influence to the transport infrastructure in the Mozambique. From this literature
review, I have effectively learnt about the various theories and concept of the supply chain
management which influence the operation in the Mozambique. I have also analysed that there
are huge impact of the oil and gas in the Mozambique. In addition to this, aim of the literature
review has been also addressed by implication of various aspects and concept of the supply
chain management.
1.9 CONCLUSION
From this entire report it has been concluded that in the oil and gas industry, supply chain
management plays a very crucial role by which services of oil and gas can deliver in an effective
manner. With help of the impressive and systematic structure of supply chain management, oil
and gas companies can gain high level of profitability and benefits because customer can
12

impressively satisfy with organization. From this literature review it has been also concluded that
in the there is huge economic and social impact of the LNG project on the oil and gas supply
chain management transport infrastructure in the Mozambique. It has been also concluded that
oil and gas industry in the Mozambique is underdeveloped and in its growth stage. It is great
responsibility of the government is to support this industry by provide infrastructure facilities
and subsidies or taxation advantage .With help of attractive subsidies and infrastructure facilities
and tax benefits, government can support to the oil and gas industry. It has been also concluded
that economy of the Mozambique has been influenced by gas and oil industry as there is huge
demand and supply of the oil and gas product and services in this mentioned country. It has been
also concluded that there are huge impact of the social and economical on the LNG projects on
the oil and gas SCM and transport infrastructure in Mozambique. In the oil and gas industry,
supply chain management plays a very significant role thus transport infrastructure in the
Mozambique can influence by the social and economic factors. Transportation infrastructure in
the Mozambique have huge impact of the social and economic factor of the LNG project on the
oil and gas supply chain management.
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