Sustainable Tourism Development: Planning, Ethics and Stakeholders

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of sustainable tourism development, focusing on a case study to understand the concept and benefits for stakeholders. It discusses the roles of local communities and government bodies in promoting sustainable tourism in the Philippines, highlighting the importance of public-private partnerships. The report also examines tourism development plans at international, national, regional, and sub-regional levels, emphasizing the significance of interactive planning systems like the 'It's more fun in the Philippines' campaign. Furthermore, it addresses the ethical issues in balancing demand and supply in the tourism sector, considering environmental preservation and cultural impacts. The report concludes by underscoring the need for responsible tourism practices to ensure long-term sustainability and benefits for all stakeholders involved.

SUSTAINABLE TOURISM
DEVELOPMENT

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
1.1 ..........................................................................................................................................3
1.2...........................................................................................................................................4
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................6
2.1...........................................................................................................................................6
2.2...........................................................................................................................................7
2.3...........................................................................................................................................8
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................9
3.1 covered in poster 1............................................................................................................9
3.2 Covered in poster 2...........................................................................................................9
3.3...........................................................................................................................................9
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................10
4.1.........................................................................................................................................10
4.2.........................................................................................................................................11
4.3.........................................................................................................................................11
TASK 5..........................................................................................................................................12
5.1.........................................................................................................................................12
5.2.........................................................................................................................................12
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................13
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................14

INTRODUCTION
The tourism is a very fast developing area in global market which is an essential part in
developing the economy of country. The concept of sustainable tourism implies the overall
impact that has on the society. It is important to plan the development of tourism in a way that
can have positive impact on surroundings and development of economy as well. The present
report is based on sustainable tourism industry where a case study is referred to understand the
concept. Apart from this, the case will help to know the benefits that every stakeholder has due
to sustainable tourism (Erkuş-Öztürk and Eraydın, 2010). Further, the report will discuss the
planning s that can be made to develop the tourism sector. Besides this, the sustainability concept
will be focussed that its various impact can be understood. Moreover, various ethical issues have
been discussed which helps in balancing demand and supply in tourism sector.
TASK 1
1.1
The stakeholders are formed of various bodies like tour operators, government and local
residents of the country. Besides this, it also includes various owners of the said industry who
use to plan for the development of travel and tourism organisations. These stakeholders use to
make different plans so that visitors can be provided with good experience. The travel and
tourism is done for various kinds of purpose which may be to plan a holiday trip, for business
tours and for other leisure purpose. The major attraction of tourism in Philippines is its rich
biodiversity (Lee, 2013). The country is surrounded with natural beauties of mountains, rivers,
beaches and diving spots. Apart from this, the cultural and historical sites are also very famous
and able to attract the large number of travellers in country. This impacts on both local
communities as well as government. The benefits which the stakeholders have due to
sustainability of tourism is as follows:
 Local communities: The major impact of flourishing travel and tourism business on
local communities is generation of employment. Due to a wide scope of tourism business

in Philippines which is composed of natural environment along with cultural and
historical sites, various types of employment opportunities have been generated. This
includes, tour guiding business, tour operating agencies and so on. This helps in creating
demand for tourism along with its proper supply. This increased employment opportunity
will help in raising the income levels of the local people which will result in increased
level of living standard (Briassoulis and Van der Straaten, 2013). Thus, overall economy
of country will also rise contributing in development of nation. Besides this, the
government also focuses on developing infrastructures of nation so that more tourism can
be attracted whose direct and indirect benefit goes to local residents as well.
 Government bodies: The department of tourism in Philippines use to make various
approaches that can help in development and growth of tourism sector. The strategies
made by them helps in creating large sum of revenues in the business and also contribute
in developing economy of country. These generated revenues of country is reinvested in
improving the infrastructures of nation so that more number of tourists can be attracted
towards the country. According to the report released by department of tourism, in 2012,
4.27 million people arrived to nation for tourism purpose. This increased number of
travellers was due to the initiative launched under the campaigning entitled as 'Its more
fun in the Philippines'.
1.2
To develop the travel and tourism sector with great heights, it is necessary to work with
cooperation by public and private bodies indulged in this sector (Matarrita-Cascante, Brennan
and Luloff, 2010). This helps in making a combined effort to make the entire sector developed
and able to reap more benefits. In Philippines, various projects have been made with the
contribution of both public and private sectors jointly. The government has launched PPP
programme which implies public and private partnership in development of sustainable tourism
in country. In addition, these programmes focus on developing infrastructures of country, along
with managing and planning for sustainable tourism in collaboration with each other. With all
advantages, it also have some disadvantages that can impact the mentioned industry as well as
the economic condition of nation. These benefits and drawbacks for both parties in Philippines
have been discussed below:
Advantages

 More employment opportunities in various roles as tour guides, travelling agents, tour
operating agencies and so on.
 Development of new places can be done which can attract more visitors.
 The development of natural and historical sites can be done so that tourists can be
attracted.
 The increased revenues can be used to improve the infrastructures of country.
 Increased number of tourism will help in creating more jobs and consequently, the
income of people will raise. This will enhance the living standard of people as well.
 The government can undertake various projects that can be accomplished timely
(Ruhanen, 2013).
 This also encourages to make innovative efforts that can promote the business in positive
way.
 The effort can be made to raise green tourism so that more number of travellers can be
drawn.
Disadvantages
 The main disadvantage is that, the cost and expenses are more in this industry which is
taken by customers. Thus, the efforts are made with major focus on increasing profits of
organisation instead of delivering high quality services.
 An impact on Philippines can be made due to cross culture with increased number of
tourism. This needs some good measures that can help in preserving the current culture of
country.
 Travel and tourism industry is highly seasonal which affects the revenues of mentioned
industry adversely. Apart from this, the fluctuation occurring in this industry give rise to
uneven distribution of income.
 With large number of tourists in the country, there are more possibilities of increasing
pollution and other unethical practices like enhanced use of alcohol, drugs etc (Buckley,
2012).
 The country is rich with beaches and rivers so there are more possibilities of danger to
marine life.
All these benefits and drawbacks mentioned above suggest that it is necessary to take
some strict measures that can help in develop the industry along with maintenance of ethical

practices. Apart from this, it is also taken in note by both private and public bodies that natural
and heritage sites should be preserved in well manner as they reflect the culture of nation.
TASK 2
2.1
The tourism development plans is an important aspect which is made to enhance the
effectualness of places that can attract tourists from various parts of world. The major focus is
laid on designing plans that can help in making a positive impact on tourism industry with a
developed aspect. This planning process is done in four stages which includes different levels
like national, international, regional and sub regional. The primary step of planning in this sector
is a major part that may affect the further processes of development as well (Palacios, 2010).
Therefore the significance of planning in this sector is more and always suggested to be made
with extra care. The chief stages of planning includes following elements:
 The first step in whole planning process includes the formulation of a project. The
projects are designed according to current market conditions and based on study done by
researchers to find the choices and preferences of customers. Thus, this step is significant
in planning process and acts as a base for further procedures.
 The master plan is devised along with basic plan formulation which acts as a guiding
factor for the organisations. In context of Philippines, various bodies who are involved in
planning process should construct strategies that can direct all people to act in standard
way. As in given case, the president took an image with her hands on top of some coral
branches. This reflected two sides where some of them appreciated her as it was a type of
initiative in boosting the sales in industry (Michalena and Tripanagnostopoulos, 2010).
While on other hand, some criticised as they took it in the form of breaking cardinal rule
by touching corals. Thus, for devising the master plan it is necessary that focus is placed
on making plan that can act as a roadmap and describe clearly all acts that can be done in
wise way to improve the industry. This may also include some effective marketing
strategies that can boost the travel and tourism sector and its sustainability.
 At the final stage, an action plan is made that helps in prioritising the plans made. This
helps in working in a systematic manner so that all work can be accomplished according
to set budget. For this, government and other administrative bodies use to control and

monitor the activities so that it can be ensured that plans are executed in right way
(Nicholas and Thapa, 2010).
The above mentioned plans contribute in development of tourism along with different
measures which include social, environmental and strategic steps. Hereby, the different
governing bodies use to build up a plan that have implications on different levels of national,
international, regional and sub regional level. International level: This level is mainly concerned with providing appropriate transport
facilities so that visitors can travel easily all over the country. This also works by making
strong efforts towards marketing so that the travellers can be attracted in positive way to
come in the country. Recently, Philippines took an active participation in negotiations
with network planners of airlines so that a detailed discussion about developing new
routes of airlines to enhance frequency of flights. This implies the country's focus on
advancing opportunities of market by identifying specific requirements and expansion of
networks. The presence of country in such international sphere helped in developing key
areas of tourism under National tourism development plan. National level: This element in planning procedure mainly focusses on arranging the
accommodation facilities for tourists which is an important factor in developing the
tourism in country. For this, various bodies use to associate with different public and
private organisations that can provide high quality services to guests and able to make
them comfortable (Castellani and Sala, 2010). Regional level: This level is mainly concerned with intrinsic system of transportation that
can reflect the active operations of the industry in travel and tourism sector. This also
focusses on development done in the regional areas so that culture of the area can be
expressed among travellers.
 Sub-regional level: This level makes an association with regional levels and assist by
providing basic and foremost requirements to tourists and travellers. Thus, it helps in
development of both regional and sub regional level in an appropriate way.
2.2
The interactive planning system helps in making developed efforts that can become a
major part in executing various strategies to increase the level of tourism. 'Its more fun in the
Philippines' is the example of such interactive planning system. This campaign was mainly

focussed towards underwater kingdom (Scott, 2011). Through this effort, the visitors were
offered with magnificent underwater views. They can also enjoy the experience of coastline
corals and diving to have a view of giant sharks and whales. The Philippines is well known with
the name of Asia's diving capital where Tubbataha reef is the famous place for divers. Thus,
interactive plans are helpful in making better efforts towards attracting the tourists in the country
(Introducing the Philippines, 2016.). This helps in boosting the tourism in country with the help
of different marketing efforts and declining the number of complexities that can result due to
fluctuations in the market. Interactive planning is mainly based on executing the study of market
and making strategies that can help in meeting the demands of current market situations. This
method also assist in preserving the social and cultural aspects by managing different risks and
control over unwanted activities. The significance of this kind of planning is mentioned below:
 The interactive planning helps in doing the market study in easier way as it classifies the
market into different units (Stoddard, Pollard and Evans, 2012). After that study can be
performed for each unit individually which allows to have more detailed knowledge.
 The plan also helps in devising the effective changes and modifications that can help in
increasing the potential customers.
 The services become more accessible and the distribution of value can be done in more
wiser way.
 The promotional activities can be performed so that various potential travellers can be
given knowledge about all the services that are delivered by travel and tourism industry.
 Apart from all above cited planning activities, the market research development is also
executed. This helps in developing the strategies that can help in increasing the
experiences of travellers and induce required changes as well whenever it is needed.
2.3
The above mentioned planning procedures are necessary to examine the effects that are
placed on travellers and visitors. This can be analysed through an effort in the direction of three
factors that include social, environmental and financial elements (Logar, 2010). All these factors
are as follows: Social measures: This measure reflects the impact of cross culture where travellers with
different backgrounds and ethnicity use to visit the country. In this situation, different
cultures use to intersect and it results in dilution of one culture because of higher impact

of one over other. It can have a negative impact as it can impact the perception of one
person. Environmental measures: The environment can be degraded due to increased number of
population as a result of large number of travellers. The tourists who come to visit in
different countries use to consume various resources that can result in overuse of the
limited resources, improper drainage system and many other things. This can also cause
the problem of some health issues for the local communities there.
 Financial measures: This is the positive side of travel and tourism industry as this helps
in enhancing the job opportunities for people. This helps in enhancing the economic
condition of country with a consistent growth in GDP rates (Ali and Frew, 2010).
Philippines recorded 1.43 trillion Peso which was equivalent to 10.6% of whole country's
GDP.
To measure all the above mentioned impacts, various tools and techniques are applied
which includes Delphi system that measures the social impact. To assess the various impacts of
tourism with different factors TFS (Tourism future simulator) model is applied which helps in
collecting information about all economical and social progress of country.
TASK 3
3.1 covered in poster 1
3.2 Covered in poster 2
3.3
In context of the given case study, the major problem has been reflected in the
environmental and social factors. These problems can be solved with the help of some measures
that act as proper planning to attain sustainable development which are delineated as below:

Step 1 Deciding the fields
It is necessary at the first step to decide about the areas where sustainability should be applied.
For this, detailed information will be required so that areas that are more inclined with dangers
can be strike out. According to given case, the environmental and social aspects are the major
focus.
Step 2 Identification of issues
As a next step, government can make plans that can help in saving both areas. The marine life
in Philippines is required to be conserved in proper way as they are in more danger. Besides
this, pollutions and cultural damages are also some of the issues that are required to be given
due attention (Lee, 2013).

Step 3 Plans to resolve
Finally, the government bodies will make plans and strategies that can help in solving the
issues stated above. Awareness can be created among general public so that they can contribute
in conserving the marine life and surroundings. Apart from this, some strict fine and
punishments can be imposed that can restrict the practices that can endanger the culture of
country.
TASK 4
4.1
The growth and investment opportunities in hotel industry and wildlife is more in
Philippines whereas it also implies the conflicting issues between various stakeholders like local
people and government bodies. The hotel industry along with establishment of resorts and other
lodging places are built to fulfil the requirements of domestic and foreign tourists. This also
requires air, land and water transport. This raises the issues of pollution and other kinds of arm in
the environment. This makes the disturbance in the environment and conflicts hinder the
progress of tourism industry (Matarrita-Cascante, Brennan and Luloff, 2010). Besides this, as the
country's most of the tourist places are located near coastal areas, it is necessary to reduce the
possibilities of disturbance in marine environment due to innocent gestures of human beings
which can prove to be a havoc on its resources. On other hand, the wildlife-based tourism is
another factor which is a major factor that increases the tourism in country. But, it also gets
disturbed due to many issues like tourist ignorances.
The Philippine government has made many efforts to solve various issues related with
such problems. At first, it is necessary that the government create awareness among the society
so that they can be made conscious about various pros and cons. The government can make
efforts so that people can be acknowledged with various benefits due to establishment of hotels

and resorts in the society. Besides this, it is also necessary that hotels fulfil the standards that are
necessary to follow for conserving the environment. Apart from this, for wildlife-based tourism,
it is essential for government to put boards with vital instructions that are mandatory to follow.
Thus, a balance can be maintained in demand and supply of tourism industry (Buckley, 2012).
4.2
The balance between demand supply side of tourism is must in both sectors of hotels and
wildlife-based tourism. For this, it is essential that the hotels make a proper hiring procedure. By
this, talented and qualified staff should be recruited who are aware of current issues and have a
responsible nature towards maintaining the required standard at workplace. Besides this, it is also
essential that hotel industries make an effort and comply with all the basic rules that are
constructed by government to conserve the environment. This will help in attaining the support
of general public as well which is a necessary part to make a balance between demand and
supply side. On other hand, for attaining the same balance in wildlife-based tourism, it is
necessary that wildlife is protected and cared in proper way. The environment should be
maintained with proper care and general public who are residing nearby such reserves should be
made aware for care of the wildlife. Thus, a combined effort is required from government and
general public so that a proper balance can be maintained between demand and supply.
4.3
The concept of enclave tourism refers to the terminus which are run in a small part of
geographical area and made more attractive to draw the attention of travellers (Michalena and
Tripanagnostopoulos, 2010). The issues are enhanced in such tourism due to less communication
between tourists and local communities who are residing there. In addition, the employees who
use to work in hotels, resorts and lodges of this area are get paid in very less amount. The best
example of enclave tourism in Philippines is coral reefs and underwater kingdom of the country
where most of the tourism activities are planned for travellers. This makes both sectors of hotel
and wildlife-based tourism to practice some ethical standards that can resolve such issues
mentioned as below:
 The hotels and resorts of this area should increase the interaction with local communities
residing there. This will help the resorts to have the access of available resources more
easily.

 The initiatives can be taken to check the wastage of resources and help in resolving the
issues related with poor health and basic facilities.
TASK 5
5.1
For comparing the current issues related with tourism industry two different nations have
been selected in which one is emerging and other is a developed nation. Nepal and Philippines is
taken as emerging and developed nations respectively that helps in understanding various current
issues which are as follows:
Philippines Nepal
The major issue faced by this country is related
with environment as it is a very popular
destination and attracts more number of
visitors. Thus, more harm is done to
environment.
Nepal does not have to face the same problem
as it is less popular destination for people as
compared to Philippines (Castellani and Sala,
2010).
The infrastructural condition of country is
better and developed.
Nepal is suffering from poor infrastructural
facilities which is one of the major issue that
hampers the growth of tourism.
The issues related to sustainability is more
serious as the country is inclined with various
serious issue of negative environmental, social
and cultural impacts.
Here, the danger of such harm is less as it is
not much developed. Therefore less number of
population visit the country which results in
less chances of facing cross cultural issues.
5.2
From the study done in above section, various issues have been found that implies
different cognitive contents that are necessary to be solved. Government of Philippines should
make strict efforts to preserve the culture of country and minimise the impacts of cross culture
issues (Stoddard, Pollard and Evans, 2012). On other hand, Nepal's government needs to make
some strict strategies that can help in developing the economic condition of country. Moreover,
infrastructural investments in Nepal is more important to enhance the growth of tourism. This

will help in improving the infrastructural development in nation contributing towards better
position of country in world with reference to tourism industry.
CONCLUSION
The travel and tourism industry indicates the major part which is necessary to be
developed to attain better economic condition of country. In this direction, it is essential to
maintain sustainability as well so that less harm can be given to society and nature. The present
report is based on the same concept where more focus is implied upon preserving the
environment and culture of nation so that sustainable tourism can flourish and contribute in
development of economy in positive way. The present report has discussed the concept of
sustainability in tourism with special reference to Philippines where cross culture impact is more
due to tourism. Thus, the report has concluded that government of said country can make some
measures which will help in maintaining the balance and gaining the sustainable environment.

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Online
Introducing the Philippines. 2016. [Online]. Available through:
<http://itsmorefuninthephilippines.co.uk/>. [Accessed on 5th December 2016].
INTRODUCING THE PHILIPPINES
INTRODUCING THE PHILIPPINES
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