Comprehensive Report: Leadership and Operation Management at TESCO

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of leadership and operation management, using TESCO as a case study. It begins with an introduction to operation management, emphasizing the roles of leaders and managers, and then explores how these roles are applied in different situations. The report delves into various leadership theories and models, including situational leadership, systems leadership, and the contingency model, explaining their application in an organizational context. It describes key approaches to operations management, such as total quality management and lean management, and analyzes their importance in achieving organizational goals. Furthermore, the report examines the impact of business environment factors on operational management and decision-making. The analysis includes examples of how TESCO utilizes these concepts, offering practical insights into effective leadership and operational strategies. Finally, it includes a conclusion summarizing the key findings and references.

MANAGEMENT
OPERATION

MANAGEMENT OPERATION..............................................................................................................1
INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................................3
TASK 1.................................................................................................................................................3
P1 Explain the role of a leader and function of a manager..........................................3
P2 Explain how the role of a leader and the function of a manager apply in different situational.....5
P3 Explain various theories and models of leadership approach, situational leadership, systems
leadership and contingency model of leadership...............................................................................6
TASK 2...............................................................................................................................................10
P4 Describe key approaches to operations management and the role of leaders and managers.......10
P5 Analyse importance and value of operations management in achieving an organisation’s goals
and objectives..................................................................................................................................11
TASK 3...............................................................................................................................................12
P6 Explain some business environment factors which create impact on operational management
and decision-making by leaders and managers................................................................................12
CONCLUSION...................................................................................................................................13
REFERENCES....................................................................................................................................13

INTRODUCTION
Operation management refers to the administration of business practices to create
productivity and efficiency among all employees as well management. This is a process of
converting material and labour into finished goods and services in order to achieve
profitability for the firms. Leaders and managers are the two key people of the operation
department. They both are contributing their effort to carry out smooth operation activities
within a workplace. TESCO are working in a retail industry. They have run their business
activities across Asia and Europe with almost 2500 store in 12 countries. TESCO is a British
multination retailer and headquarter are located in Welwyn Garden city, UK. In this report
explain the role of leaders and managers apply in a different situation and Define appropriate
leadership approaches use by TESCO. Identify some key approach of operation management
and their importance in order to achieve organizational goals and objectives (Brandenburg,
M. and et. al., 2014). Organisation environmental factors are creating an impact on
operational management and decision making the process of leaders as well managers.
TASK 1
P1 Explain the role of a leader and function of a manager
Leaders: Leaders are motivating employees and team member to act toward
achieving predetermine common goals and objectives. They influence other people
behaviours and good communication skills to inspire employees toward productivity of work.
Manager: Manager is a person who directing, controlling, managing, planning of an
organization work. They have a responsibility toward firm performance. Leaders are
controlling and manipulating organization resources and expenditures. Three types of
manager top, middle and lower level managers are working with in the company. Define and
compare role and characteristics of leaders and managers:
ROLE CHARACTERISTICS
LEADERS
 Leaders are required
at all level of
organisation. All
department and teams
have their own
leaders.
 They are
representative of the
companies in front of
not only customers
but also employees.
Leaders represent in
seminars, general
meeting, conferences
etc (Hristov and et.
al., 2013).
 Leaders are
 Leaders are flexible
in their nature so that
they have done their
work effectively
because not the whole
thing goes as planned.
 They are good
communicator so that
they have inspired
other employees with
in an organisation to
increase productivity
and profitability.
 Leaders have
courage, tenacity and
patience. They have
courage to achieve

supporting their team
members to achieve a
common goals and
objectives.
 Leader has three main
traits in him friend,
philosopher and
guide. Through this
they have make
friendship with their
team members and
provide guidance to
them.
 They have integrated
their goals with firm’s
goals and objectives.
task alone and
tenacity to work in
pressure.
 Leaders are
responsible toward
their work.
 They have humility
and presence.
MANAGERS  Manager recruiting
and selecting new
employees according
to firm needs and
wants.
 They have proved
training to new and
existing employees
for enhance their
professional skills
and knowledge.
 They deal with
employee’s
performance and
provide coaching to
develop their
performance.
 They solve conflicts
among employees &
management and
provide help in
decision making.
 They evaluating
employee’s
performance on the
continuous bases.
 Manager has
translating
organisation goals to
individual goal.
 Manager track and
report scorecard
result to their
 Managers have
leadership quality.
They motivating their
team members. These
involve self
awareness and
management, social
awareness and
leadership
management.
 Managers have
effective
communication skills.
 They have
collaborative
behaviour at work
place so that they
serve themselves as a
role model for
working collectively.
 They have critical
thinking. They are
analysing needs of the
project(Kerzner and
Kerzner, 2017).
 Managers have some
knowledge about
finance, for better
utilisation of an
organisation fund and
investments.
 Manager has
planning, controlling

supervisor. and directing
employee’s
performance.
P2 Explain how the role of a leader and the function of a manager apply in different
situational
Leadership approaches has directly affected leaders decision making process. According
to situation different types of leadership model has been used in order to gain an organisation
goals and objectives. Through this approaches leaders motivates their team members as they
can think they have a part of decision making process. Organisation has use this process to
analysing employees capabilities of effective decision making and according they have
consider internal promotion of that worker. Leaders are democratic in their nature and
managers are autocratic in their model.
Situation1: An organisation’s top management has assigned specific task to department
managers. Managers have completed this task by their team member in a specific period of
time.
 Theory 1: Contingency theory:- This theory say that there are no any right way to
organise corporate, so that work are done according to situation needs and wants. For
this manager has taken action related to leadership quality and efficiency.
 Theory 2: Behaviour theory of leadership:- Through this theory company’s
management are measuring potential of leaders for a specific situation. According to
situation managers has emphasis employee’s behaviour and trained them to take
effective decision in critical situation (Gao and You, 2015).
 Theory 3: Task oriented theory:-in this situation manager has give take to employees
and focus on their performance.
 Theory 4: Classical theory of management:- In this theory, company’s management
think employees has only two needs physical and economical. Classical management
theory introduce by Frederick Taylor in the year of 1990. Firms are conducting
training and development program for their employees to enhance their skills and
personalities in order to gain business goals and objectives.
Situation 2: An organisation has want to increase their market share, for this
management has decided to focus of retaining efficient, loyal, productive and talented
employees with in an organisation and ask the manager to motivate them.
 Theory 1: Classical theory of management:- Company’s management has providing
training and development program for their workers. Through this activity firm has
motivating their employees and give opportunity of promotion. So that employees
become loyal to ward firm.
 Theory 2: Contingency theory of management:- This theory are based on efficiency of
contingent operations. Application of this theory, analysing current situation and use
effective method in order to gain growth of an organisation (Pinto, 2015).

 Theory 3: Action cantered leadership:- Company’s management has make blueprint
of leadership and supervisors work so its provide direction of task and easily adopt
method for enhancing their own situation and result.
 Theory 4: Transaction leadership:- Firms are enhancing their employees performance
by reward and punishment activities. If employee’s result is positive then supervisor
give reward if not they have an authority or power to punish them.
Situation 3; An organisation’s management has decided to conduct training and
development program for their employees in order to increase professional skills and
productivity to ward achieving firms goals and objective in long period of time.
 Theory 1: Trait theory:- Supervisor has analyse employees personality trait to
improve employee’s skills and knowledge.
 Theory 2: Transformational leadership theory:- In this leadership model leaders are
motivating their employees and encourage team members to achieve common goals
and objective in a given time.
 Theory 3: Objective theory:- Its a management model that clearly define management
objectives to achieve an organisation missions and goals. In objective theory, firm
main focus on employee’s involvement and participation in order to achieve
institutions goal (Hitt, Xu and Carnes, 2016).
 Theory 4: Contingency theory of management:- Company’s management has
analysing contingent situation and take decision accordingly.
P3 Explain various theories and models of leadership approach, situational leadership,
systems leadership and contingency model of leadership
In an organisation several leadership approaches have used for handle different kind
of situation. Managers are analysing demand of current market situation and accordingly
select appropriate model of leadership in order to gain long term sustainability and
profitability for the firm. Some important leadership approaches are as follows:
Situational leadership approach: this theory suggests that no one leadership style are
best, company’s management has select or choose leadership style according to current
situation. The best leaders have able to adopt new styles and skills in order to completing
their take effectively. Some important situational factors are:
 Leaders want to focus on relation between team members as well leader so they able
to motivate team members and achieve specific goals and objectives.
 Leader are analysing internal and external factor of environment so they able to meet
customers requirement.
 Task can vary from simple to hard or complex, so leaders may consider task itself
and they need to clear idea about “what task is exactly” (Schniederjans, Cao and
Triche, 2013).

Leaders have ability to influence team members behaviour so accordingly they assign
task to their members. Herser and Blanchard say that there are four leadership style:
Telling (S1): In this style leaders tell their team member what to do and how to do.
Selling (S2): Leaders have sold their ideas and knowledge in order to enhance
employees work process.
Participation (S3): In this process, leaders are motivating their employees to
participate and involve in decision making process.
Delegating (S4): In this, team member are take responsibility about what happen.
They delegate toward their work as well as for an organisation.
Figure 1 situation leadership approach
(Source: Situation leadership approach, 2017)

System leadership approach: An organisation is a system that executing several
business activities. Systematic leadership approach is a comprehensive model in order to gain
sustainable leadership style and organisation development. This approach consisting four
major components: overall work process and strategies, set supporting action, some skills and
knowledge which rest on a making to system model.
Figure 2: System leadership approach
(Source: System leadership approach, 2014)
So leader has follow blueprint of work to gain effective out put in a given time period.
Systems leadership approach is directly affected by internal and external environment factors
(Hajmohammad and et. al., 2013). System model are promoting innovating ideas and
creativity among all team member which provide new way of doing work at business unit.
Contingency leadership approach: no one leadership style are best for an
organisation, its totally depend on current situation. Leaders are analysing current situation
requirement and accordingly select appropriate leadership style. Some time only one
leadership style are not satisfy situation needs and wants, so that manager select multiple
leadership style to full fill situational demand.

In a company generally leaders has two types relationship orientated and task oriented
in their nature, so firstly firm analyse situation and then apply appropriate leadership style in
order to gain long term sustainability at market place and high market share. Thus increase
productivity of team member’s work. When company use task oriented method then
managers increase productivity of employee’s work and when they apply relationship
oriented method at work place then managers are motivating employees.
TASK 2
P4 Describe key approaches to operations management and the role of leaders and managers
In an organisation several types of operation management approach has been used which
provide efficient operation process and quality of product. Some important operations
management approaches are as follows:
Total quality management: Total quality management has defined as a process to
overseeing all activities and task need to maintain excellent quality and quality control as
well as improvement (Bartlett and Beamish, 2018). This approach has focus on improvement
in quality and performance in all department, function and process. Total quality management
has seven basic principles are as follows:
 Focus on customer’s needs and wants and offer product accordingly.
 Strong leadership with their suppliers.
 People involvement in management decision making process.
 Systematic approach of management.
 Continual improvement in product and service quality as well as productivity.
 Factual approach of decision making.
 Mutually beneficial supplier relation.
Leader’s role in this approach:
 Effective utilisation and involvement of whole work.
 Analyse performance by establish standard measurements.
 Leaders have committed toward management decision making process which provide
long term organisation support as well as sustainability.
Manager’s role in total quality management:
 Managers want to treat the suppliers as a important business partners.
 Ensure internal and external environment factors which provide customers
satisfaction.
 They insure continuous improvement in overall business process (Brandenburg and
et. al., 2014).
Just in time inventory operation management approach: Just in time inventory define
as a strategies which provide efficiency and decreases wastes by purchasing goods when they

have needed in their product process. By using this approach firm has decrease their overall
production cost.
Manager’s role in just in time approach:
 They purchase or order goods on right time.
 Firstly the analysing production demands then they make orders at right amount.
 They maintain good relationship with their suppliers to ensure quality of material.
Leader’s role in just in time inventory:
 They insure proper utilisation of purchase material.
 Leaders insure that their team members are totally aware about their role an
responsibility to ward organisation goals and objectives.
 They monitor and check machinery time to time which used in their production
process.
Continuous improvement approach: In an organisation’s management has insure
about continuous improvement in their production and quality of product and services in
order to achieve high market share as well as long term sustainability at market place. Their
main aim is save waste in production process as well as overall business functions.
Continuous improvement approach is based on 5S which are shine, sustain, standardise, set
of order and sort.
Manager’s role in continuous improvement approach:
 Evaluating and indentify task scope with in business environment.
 Manager measuring success of this approach.
 Managers make team for continuous improvement and assign task to them.
Managers insure that every one is aware about their role and responsibility to ward
common goals (Dobrzykowski and et. al., 2014).
 With in an organisation all employees are aware about this team working area.
Leader’s role in this approach:
 Identify team member’s capabilities and skills in order to assign specific task.
 They find out benefits of team as well as management.
 They provide power to their team to take decision according to situation.
P5 Analyse importance and value of operations management in achieving an organisation’s
goals and objectives
Operation management has involved in designing, controlling, overseeing production
process as well as overall business activities. Leaders and managers both are playing
important role in operations management in order to achieve long term sustainability of the
firm as well as high market share. Operation’s management are plying important role in an
organisation’s objectives some are as follows:

Control and distribution systems: Manager has control over employee’s
performance as well as quality of work. Company are selling their product and services
through distribution channels. So they have find out best distribution channel according to
their needs and wants (Schniederjans, Cao and Triche, 2013).
Capacity management: Operation’s managers have analysed their production and
working capacity in order to manage overall business activities. They provide training and
development program to their employees for enhancing their performance and motivation.
Through this activity manager has promote their workers position.
Inventory and logistics management: operation’s management are controlling and
managing firm’s inventory. Generally three types of inventory has used in business
operations which are raw material inventory, work in process inventory and finished goods
inventories. Managers are managing these all types of inventory in a very effective manner.
Logistic mean arrangement of transportation system for purchasing and selling goods and
services at market place. In this system managers have effectively manage inputs and outputs
of materials and goods.
Scheduling: Operation’s management is scheduling and distributing task to their
employee’s according to their skills and knowledge. For this they have analysing employee’s
capabilities and professional skills which provide quality of work (Gao and You, 2015). An
organisation’s management are conducting training and development program for enhancing
performance and productivity of workers.
Transformation of raw materials into finished goods: This process is very
important for an organisation. Operation manager has focus on this process and produce
product and services on time in a very effective manner.
TASK 3
P6 Explain some business environment factors which create impact on operational
management and decision-making by leaders and managers
Operation’s management and decision making process of leaders as well as managers
are directly influence by internal and external environment. So it’s very important for an
organisation to analyse these environmental factors, some are as follows:
Internal factors: Several internal factors have affected managers and leaders decision
making process, some are:
 Customers: Company need to analyse customers needs and wants accordingly they
have offer their product and services in order to gain high market share and
profitability. Leaders and mangers have support and motivate to their employees for
provide quality goods and achieve firm’s goals and objective in a specific time period.
 Suppliers: Many suppliers have supply several types of raw materials and well as
other product to produce product and services on specific time. So company deliver
their product on time to their customers (Hristov and et. al., 2013).

External factors: There have various external factors which crease impact on leaders and
mangers decision making process, some are as follow: PESL analysis:
 Political factor: Government has directly influence leaders and decision by their law,
rule and regulation. They have directly influence economic of the country.
 Economical factor: This factor includes interest rate, employment, exchange rate,
poverty level and overall country financial condition. They create direct effect on
leaders and mangers decisions as well as overall organisation development.
 Social and culture: Company are analysing their external social culture environment,
for providing better goods and services to their clients. Company product healthy
product for their customers in order to satisfy their health needs.
 Technology: Innovation has done on continues basis, so firm has use latest
technology in order to sustain market share. Leaders appreciate employees for
executing their work in new way.
CONCLUSION
In this report is concluded manager and leaders both have different role and responsibility in
an organisation in order to achieve common firm goals and objectives. In different situation
both have different roles. Many leadership theories have available for improvement in
employees performance, TESCO has use situation leadership approach with in their business
operation which enhance leader’s performance and productivity. Effective operation’s
management has provided quality product and save firm resources. Company has consider
external and internal environment factor for improve process and method which enhance
functions efficiency of operations. These provide customers satisfaction.
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