Travel and Tourism: Key Milestones and Consumer Factors

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LO 1 and LO 2

Table of Content
• Slide 3- Introduction
• Slide 4- LO 1
• Slide 8- LO2
• Slide 12- Conclusion
• Slide 13- Reference List

Introduction
• In the this presentation, the key
and vital milestones that are
present in the whole travel and
tourism industry have been
explored. Along with the different
elements that help tourists to
enhance their experience different
consumer factors has been
investigated as well. The final
stages of this study details various
models that help consumers to
make decisions will be illustrated.

LO 1
Discuss key milestones in the development
of the travel and tourism industry
• The term “Hospitality” was evolved in
14th century and it entitles other words
including guests, foreigners and hosts.
• The term “tourists” was coined in 1772
and it came from Latin and Greek word
“turn and circle”
• At the end of 18th century, some other
forms of tourism were developed.
• These forms are cultural, mass, Spa, and
long-haul tourism.
• Spa tourism started providing medical
baths to people for various health
treatments.

Cont..
• Tourism became business when Cox & Kings
was established with first tour operator
business in 1758.
• After 100 years of establishment of its
business, Thomas Cook opened tour operator
services for leisure tourists in 1841.
• He started designing and selling cost-effective
railway tickets, tour packages, and
guidebooks in 1945.
• With the introduction of low-cost airlines by
Thomson and RyanAir in 1995, people started
flying to different countries and tourists
places.

Identify the different elements of the travel
and tourism industry
• The components with travel and tourism
industry are travel planning, local travel,
accommodation, food and shopping, sites,
and transport.
• Travel agents and tour operators carry out a
plan for tourists by providing them with cost-
friendly and sustainable packages.
• Some restaurants, street foods and shopping
malls are established near to tourist
destinations to get tourists’ attention.
• Visitor or tourist attractions are places
popular for their natural or in-built beauty,
significance, cultural value and others

Cont..
• Recently, travel through airlines has increased
due to growth of low-cost airlines.
• Tour operators connect with hotels and
airlines to make a complete travel package.
• Private organisations including Holiday Inn,
Thomas Cook, British Airways and others are
providing customers with accommodation,
tour operator, and airline services.
• Small and medium enterprises operating in
the tourism industry offer tourism experience
in terms of jobs for local community,
transportation, accommodation, catering and
other facilities at visitors’ attraction

LO 2
Determine the different factors that affect tourism
behaviour
• Push factors are forces enabling an individual to
travel a certain visitor attraction.
• These forces are a cultural experience, novelty
seeking, escape adventure, social context, and
relaxation.
• Novelty seeking travellers search for new varieties
food, shopping malls, visitors’ attractions, cultural
events and others.
• Online forums and social media networks are
promoting tourism destinations along with
tourism products.
• They reflect feedback given by customers visiting a
particular place.

Cont..
• Pull factors include reputation and image of a
destination, accessibility, security and culture.
• Visitors’ attraction gain popularity due to their
significance, culture, and tourism service
surrounding them.
• Tourists make decision of travelling by
obtaining information on top destinations of
the world

Explain models of motivation
• Plog demonstrated three types of
tourism behaviours that a tourist may
come across.
• Psycho-centric tourists are repeaters,
who select their destination carefully and
the possibility of their returning is high
• The second type of tourists is mid-
centric, who prefer travelling to popular
places with all facilities
• The third type of tourists is allo-centric,
who are much interested in adventurous
activities and they search for places
giving such facilities.

Cont..
• McIntosh, Goeldner and Ritchie identified four types of
motivational factors that inspire visitors during purchase
decision-making process.
• The first category is physical motivators, which relate to the
body and mind.
• The next category is cultural motivators, which make
people curious about other cultures and their significance
• People under VFR category or visiting friends and relatives
are parts of interpersonal motivators and they avail
accommodation in their friends and relatives’ house

Conclusion
• When detailing the various milestones within this
study, a historical investigation has been made into
the past where Greek details have been explored
and how people created various headways into the
culture. Following which models of motivation that
helps the consumer to make the decision such as
Plog’s Consumer behaviour model and Consumer
behaviour model by McIntosh, Goeldner and
Ritchie have been detailed.