An Analysis of Heritage and Cultural Tourism Management in the UK

This report provides an in-depth analysis of heritage and cultural tourism management within the United Kingdom. It begins by examining the growth and development of the UK's heritage and cultural industry, highlighting key events and initiatives that have shaped its trajectory. The report then delves into potential conflicts faced by the government in conserving heritage and cultural resources, using the case of Lhasa as an example. It further explores the purpose and significance of heritage and cultural attractions, focusing on the British Museum and the Natural History Museum. The report also evaluates the impact of different types of ownership on cultural and heritage site management, assessing the roles and responsibilities of various organizations involved. Finally, it examines the methods and media used for interpretation within the heritage and cultural industry for tourists. The report concludes with a comprehensive overview of the UK's cultural tourism landscape, offering valuable insights into its challenges and opportunities.

HERITAGE AND
CULTURAL TOURISM
MANAGEMENT

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1 ...........................................................................................................................................1
1.1 UK heritage and cultural industry growth and development ...........................................1
1.2 Potential conflicts faced by government in the activity of conserving the heritage and
cultural of nation ...................................................................................................................4
TASK 2 ...........................................................................................................................................5
2.1 The purpose of heritage and cultural attraction ...............................................................5
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................8
3.1 Evaluating the impact of varied type of ownership on cultural and heritage site
management ...........................................................................................................................8
3.2 Assessing the roles and responsibilities of different type of organizations .....................9
TASK 4 .........................................................................................................................................10
4.1 Methods and media used for interpretation within the heritage and cultural industry for
tourists..................................................................................................................................11
CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................12
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................14

ILLUSTRATION INDEX
Illustration 1: British museum.........................................................................................................6
Illustration 2: Natural history museum............................................................................................7

INTRODUCTION
Cultural tourism is the subset of tourism which is concerned with the region or the culture
of the country (Leask and Rihova, 2010). In present scenario, the given form of tourism has
gained greater importance as nowadays consumers are showcasing their interest in terms of
enhancing their knowledge regarding the cultures and values being followed by the specific
country. Furthermore, the customer selection of specific tourism places is also influenced
through the given form of tourism. Thus, such behavior of buyers is influencing many travel and
tourism firms with regard to inculcate more culture tourism options for the respective buyers.
This report is based on the different types of case scenario. The present report will give
description regarding growth and development of United Kingdom (UK) heritage and cultural
industry. In addition to this, the report will also illustrate number of potential conflicts that
stakeholders of the country will face while conserving the heritage and cultural resources of the
nation. The report will also depict the roles and responsibilities which is being played by the
different travel and tourism organizations during the task of managing the ethnic monuments and
resources of the country. Finally, at the end information regarding different methods will be
given which are used for interpreting the state's heritage history to the respective personal.
TASK 1
1.1 UK heritage and cultural industry growth and development
There is a significant growth is being assessed in the economy of country due to its
heritage and cultural industry. The culture and heritage tourism includes several elements such as
ethical significance of place and living culture etc. These all elements have played very effective
role in maintaining the stability in the economy of the country. In accordance with the given
context, UK possess variety of popular heritage and culture places and some of them are
Stonehenge, London museum, Buckingham palace and Big Ben etc (George, 2010).
Here, in past many years London hosting a very famous sporting event which is of
Olympic games. Such type of game attracts both inbound and outbound tourists towards the
nation. The people who came to attain such event do take a visit of number of tourism places
which are prevailing within country. The given type of activity of country influences government
with regard to perform necessary development in the existing heritage and monuments of
country. This is because, through this way only positive experience can be given to the traveler
who have come to state for some other purpose. Further, with this it is by complying with the
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given type of activity only London can give information about its heritage and cultures history
across the domestic boundary (Grimwade and Carter, 2000).
Moreover, recently government of UK has organized Queen Diamond Jubliee. During the
given event, government of nation has carried out the project in which it has renovated all the
historical places of United Kingdom. The efforts which government has made not only helps in
growth and development of cultural or heritage history of country, but it will also assist in
conservation of the same for the longer period of time.
With an aim to showcase the growth and development of UK heritage and ethnic industry
following table is prepared:
Year Event which has taken place
during the year
Detailed explanation
1940's During the given period, a
council has developed which
encourages the music and art
of the country. This council is
called by the name of CEMA
(Council for the
Encouragement of Music and
Arts)
It is the national body which
has the objective to support
and preserve the British
Culture (Council for the
Encouragement of Music and
Arts, 2016). It is the
government funded council
and its name of renamed as
Arts Council of Great Britain
after the war. In addition to
this, in the year 1994 the
council were divided into three
groups such as Arts council of
England, Scottish Art Council
and Arts Council of wales etc.
1980 In this year, the government of
UK has faced many problems.
Here, in 1980 several political
and economic pressure have
Here, administration of
country is facing pressure from
different agencies wherein
they are demanding to raise the
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forced the governing
authorities of country to take
the action towards the existing
policies relating to the cultural
and heritage history of
country.
development funds associated
with the given industry.
Furthermore, here agencies are
complaining that they are not
getting the sufficient funds for
the development of their ethnic
history and it is the reason why
they have taken the given type
of step. Due to the increased
pressure, government had
taken significant measure. In
this regard, in the year 1984 it
had launched Business
Sponsorship Incentive Scheme
(Moulin, 2000). The given
plan had played the crucial
role in terms of resolving the
problem which is being faced
by different authorities.
1990 National lottery It is the state franchised
national lottery of United
Kingdom. This can be consider
as major development in the
area of cultural and heritage
industry. This lottery has
provided assistance in the
development process of ethical
history or monuments of
United Kingdom.
1997 During this year, a department It is the UK government
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has developed which is named
as Department for Culture,
Media and Sport (DCMS)
department which has the
responsibility towards culture,
media and sports of the
country. The given department
has played very important role
in the 2012 Olympic games.
Here, organization has make
all the necessary arrangements
associated with the respective
activity. Furthermore, it is due
to the contribution of this
department only, UK
government were able to
organism its Olympic game
during the respective year in
an effectual way. In addition to
this, the department also takes
suggestion from the citizens
with an aim to conserve the
heritage history of the country
in an effectual way (Ripp,
Eidenschink and Milz, 2011).
Overall, it can be stated that the long history of UK clearly evident that there are a
necessary development have occurred in travel and tourism industry.
1.2 Potential conflicts faced by government in the activity of conserving the heritage and cultural
of nation
There are number of conflicts analyzed which government of Lhasa has been facing in
the activity of conserving the ethnicity of Tibet. Tibet is the most popular tourist destination
which attracts large number of tourists. This place is known as the roof of the world. The place is
not only famous for its natural and scenic beauty but it is also recognized for its fabulous
monasteries and intangible culture. Lhasa is the capital of Tibet and highly popular among
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foreign tourists (Hoffman, 2006). This place attracts those tourists who love to do trekking and
adventurous activity in the surroundings of natural and artistically made beauty.
But, from the given case scenario it is identified that there are varied conflicting situation
is being occurring in Lhasa. Here, from the given case it is assessed that there is a conflict
happening between both citizens of Lhasa and Chinese officials. The Chinese officials are
seeing many opportunities for the tourism development in Lhasa. Thus, they have taken decision
for organizing large business projects within country. Here, government has been planning for
renovating Lhasa’s traditional Barkhor old town district which is located outside Jokhang
Temple. In addition to this, the officials are also planning to develop Theme park on the outskirt
area of city (Leslie and Sigala, 2012). Government are taking all these measures with an aim to
attracts many tourist within city. In addition to this, for the purpose to resolve the
accommodation related need of travelers, administration of nation has decided to sign an
agreement with Intercontinental group of hotel. As per this agreement, the hotel will build
around 1100 rooms within city. The actions which government is taking is creating conflicting
situation within Lahsa.
Such conflicts are happening because of inhabitants concern with the natural and culture
environment. Here, citizens are complaining that the project of renovation will degrade the
historic or architectural beauty of their monasteries. Thus, due to this the unique selling point of
Lhasa will be lost. Furthermore, the citizens are also arguing that such efforts will marginalize
the heritage value of country.
I am totally agreed with the disagreement as being shown by the citizens of city. This is
because, all such project which firm has been planning will lead to cause negative impact upon
the natural environment of Lhasa. However, I also cannot deny with the fact that such action of
government will be proved as beneficial for the inhabitants of city. The plans will help in
improving the unemployment related condition of city.
TASK 2
2.1 The purpose of heritage and cultural attraction
The heritage and cultural attraction includes all those places which has historic
importance. This includes the elements such as museums, monasteries and monuments etc. In
this context, it is assessed that each heritage attraction have varied purpose and thus they help in
fulfilling the needs and demands of number of buyers in an effectual way. In this regard, detailed
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explanation regarding two famous cultural attraction of UK is given. These are as British
museum and Natural History museum.
British Museum
British museum is fully dedicated towards the human history, culture and art. The
museum was established in 260 year ago. It is situated in Bloomsbury, London. The customers
will not have to pay any entry fee (Richards, 2001). Furthermore, the museums is open between
10:00 am to 17:30 pm. The main aim of this museum is to give information to the individual
about the British history. It has unique collection of different objective which truly reflect the
past times of Britain. In this context, it is analyzed that it has the collection of around 8 million
objects. For instance from the old kingdom it has different collections such as Statue of
Nenkheftka from Deshasha, Limestone false door of Ptahshepses and Wooden tomb statue of
Tjeti. Likewise, from the roman period it has the collections like Schist head of a young man,
Bronze lamp and patera from the X-group tombs and Lid of the coffin of Soter and Cleopatra
from Qurna etc (British museum, 2016). The British museum has item for different type of
individuals whether it is of researcher, scientist, students, children and their parents. Thus, it is
right to said that it fulfills the needs and desire of different people. For example, there are many
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Illustration 1: British museum

researchers who want to study the ancient history of country. So, for this purpose they will
require number of information. However, the given information will be gained by them by vising
the British Museum. In the similar way, the organization has the services for the students also. In
accordance with the given context, it is assessed that the students who are related with literature
subject needs the information regarding the history of country. In this regard, the firm plays very
important role (Ismagilova, Safiullin and Bagautdinova, 2014). Here, besides each collection
organization has given detailed information about the same regarding how it has developed and
main reason behind its development etc. This will help in raising the knowledge and
understanding of students.
Natural History Museum
It is the London museum of natural history which gives the information about the natural
history of country. The corporation provides information with regard to five basic topics such as
ecosystem, geology, climatology, plants and animals etc. This was built around 135 year ago and
it does not charge admission fee from the visitors. Furthermore, it is open for all type of tourists.
The firms such as Department of culture, media and Sport and Duchess of Cambridge handles all
the renovation and development related work of respective museum. Moreover, the museum
fulfills the needs and demands of varied person (Natural history museum, 2016). For example,
parents with children have the need that their child must have information about different type of
present and ancient animals. Thus, with an aim to educate the same corporation runs public
engagement and educational programs. In this context, firm has prepared movie which present
information about the natural history of country in a very innovative and creative way. The
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Illustration 2: Natural history museum

corporation fulfills the needs and demands of students too. For example, it organizes workshop
for the students which is called as How Science Works”. In this program, students are given
information about use of micro fossils in geological research (Lynch and et.al., 2011).
TASK 3
3.1 Evaluating the impact of varied type of ownership on cultural and heritage site management
It is important for the governing authorities that it must prepare proper plan for
maintaining the heritage and cultural sites of the country. This is because, if sufficient action
towards the same will not be taken at that time it will become difficult for the government
officials with regard to carry out their efforts for attracting the large number of tourists within
nation in an effectual way. In this regard, number of ownership types assessed which uses
variety of approaches in order to effectively manage nation's historic sites. The in-depth
description about the same is depicted in below: Private ownership: It is the type of ownership in which all the major decision about the
enterprise is being taken by one individual who is called as the owner of firm. These type
of firms works upon one specific objective which is of to give high and best quality of
services to the buyers. Thus, it is through this way only corporation maintains the
satisfaction level of its respective buyers (Trinh and Ryan, 2015). Furthermore, the
corporation has another objective to raise the sales of companies which are associated
with the field of travel and tourism. For example, Historic House Association is the
private firms that maintains or restore the sites like castles, gardens and houses etc. The
private ownership has an impact upon the heritage and cultural site management
practices. This is because, it has been seen that private firms are more able to manage
these sites effectively as they do not lack in terms of number of skilled personal and
funds. In addition to this, it has also being analyzed from past data that all the work
which is being handled by private firms are finished with utmost efficiency and
effectiveness. It is due to the presence of given aspect, it can be depicted that the private
ownership has positive impact upon the UK historic site management. Public ownership: In this possession, all the work related to cultural site administration is
carried out and performed by the government. Unlike private corporation, this firm does
not pursue the objective of increased sales and profits. However, instead of this it has an
aim to improve the economic condition of nation by increasing the number of tourists.
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Furthermore, the firm also showcase its concern for the inhabitants of country and it takes
significant measures for conserving the social and heritage sites of state. In this regard,
two different public body of UK identified and it consists of Heritage Lottery Fund
(HLF) and English Heritage (Sweet and Wills, 2013). For instance, Heritage Lottery
Fund has the task to maintain the historic architecture of state. For this purpose, it
provides sufficient funds to the concerned authorities. For example, one of the most
prominent example of site which is being managed by the government of country is
Victoria and Albert Museum.
 NGO (Non government organization): It is also known as not for profit organization.
These firms takes charity from other person or organization and funds raises through
these sources is being used by them for the nation's historic architectural development
and management. For example, National Trust is UK famous charitable firm which has
number of roles and responsibilities. Likewise, World Wide Fund is another charitable
trust which restore and conserve the natural and cultural environment of nation through
obtained funds (AlSayyad, 2013). Here, the corporation forms different type of tactics
with an aim to conserve the ethnic monuments of country.
3.2 Assessing the roles and responsibilities of different type of organizations
There are number of firms operates within cultural and heritage industry and here each
have specified roles and responsibilities which needs to be fulfilled by them. But, the work
carried out within the given industry is impacted if any firms does not comply with given
responsibilities in an effectual manner. In this respect, the role which is being played by different
firms are identified and detailed description about the same is depicted in below: Historic House Association (HHA): This association has around 1500 privately owned
ethnic houses in United Kingdom. This firm plays very critical role as it has the
responsibility of organizer (Tomaselli, 2012). Here, it has been assessed that the
corporation arranges different seminars as well as tourism events for the members of
houses. Furthermore, it will also give technical assistance to the corporation which
perform the duty of conserving the natural history of country. The firm takes necessary
action for the protection of ethnic arts, gardens and art of nation. In addition to this, there
are around 300 HHA which are open for the general public. Moreover, the corporation
attracts millions of visitors.
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 Department for Media, Culture and Sports: It is the department of UK which has the
responsibilities for the cultural and sports activities which are organized in England. The
firm has the duty with regard to successfully organize different Olympic games as being
arranged within country. The enterprise also formulate number of government policies in
different areas such as broadcasting, arts, historic environment and cultural property and
heritage of nation. Besides this, the firm has the duty with respect to prepare the list of
different historic building of the country. It also handles the works related to export
licensing of cultural goods. The corporation also prepares proper schedule of varied
ancient monuments. This also maintain different royal parks along with this it also
manages different historic royal places (Ripp, Eidenschink and Milz, 2011). In addition
to this, the department of media, culture and sports also arranges state level royal funerals
and ceremonial occasions. Thus, it is right to said that the firm puts its necessary efforts
with regard to fulfills its given roles and responsibilities in an effectual manner. Heritage Lottery Fund: The given firm utilizes the money which is being raised by it
from the lottery players. The objective behind the obtained funds is to protect the heritage
of country. From the analysis, it is assessed that around £375million funds is being
invested by it for the purpose to conserve the ethnic history of country. The investment
which cited firm has played very important role in terms of attracting the large number of
tourist within the nation. Hence, it has lead to the economic development of country.
Overall, it can be depicted that the firm is abiding with its given duties appropriately. English Heritage: It is the public organization which is responsible for protecting the
England natural environment. The enterprise makes sure that ancient monuments of
country will remain same and will continuously maintain the flow of tourists within
nation (Samuel and Agyei, 2006).
 National Trust : The corporation has a duty to protect or conserve the cultural and
environmental treasures of the country. Here, with an aim to perform the same cited
enterprise formulates number of strategies. The tactic which firm has framed assist it with
regard to work upon its roles and responsibilities in an effectual manner.
TASK 4
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4.1 Methods and media used for interpretation within the heritage and cultural industry for
tourists
In the present era of technological advancements and development media and
technologies play a leading role in developing products and services in the global market. Every
industry is adopting promotional measures through effective and optimum utilization of media.
This helps businesses in creating a wide impact on growth and development of sales within the
economy. For cultural and heritage tourism media interpretation plays a leading and significant
role in the organizational development. It helps the visitors in developing an in depth and correct
knowledge about storied related to sites and all archaeological assets as well. This helps the
business in understanding the facts related with the same. These measures helps in promoting
museums and sites worldwide (Stone, 2013). The level of interpretation is used in different ways
by different players in the market. Media focuses on analyzing the story associated with specific
events, issues or people. This helps in generating curiosity and knowledge within the people.
Various methods and medias implemented by different organizations are movies, guides,
published materials, videos, role plays etc. this helps in developing an in depth and effective
understanding regarding the issues and topics of the research.
Methods and media in British Museum
This is one of the biggest museum of the London. People visit the place with the intention
of enhancing knowledge and understanding about issues and facts associated with the same. The
measures and methods of interpretation for the same that the organization may are: Guides: Social and two way interaction is one of the most effective and beneficial
measures of understanding the stories and facts associated with the meuseum and
archaeological assets. The organization has hired and trained people to develop a wide
knowledge about the historical events and facts related with different issues. This helps
the people in developing keen interest for the place and helps in making their visits
interesting. Guides helps in developing a two way communication measures where
exchanging knowledge is effective and wide. Movies: The organization has developed various documentaries and plays about the
historical facts and events which are displayed around the departments. These movies are
also played on internet and television. This helps in enhancing knowledge of the people
and help them in learning facts about the same.
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 Displayed facts: The artifacts and materials displayed in the gallery or museum may not
develop effective understating and knowledge within people if it effective information is
not attached with those (Weiler, 1999). British museum has implemented the best
measures to grab the attention of people about artifacts and materials through displaying
facts associated with those. It helps in developing useful understating about products and
events.
Interpretation in Natural History Museum, London
This is also one of the prominent museum of London where large number of visitors
arrive with the motive of learning and enhancing knowledge about history and geology. Effective
interpretation through media helps in attaining need and demand of the visitors thus developing a
wide impact on people at large. Movies: The organization has developed a well known documentary “How signs work”
which has helped in developing wide knowledge and understanding about facts
associated with the event. This has helped in attracting many scholars and geological
students about the topic and has helped in enhancing their knowledge as well. Moreover,
this measure has created an effective measure of promotion about geology and interesting
facts related with the same.
 Activities: The organization may adopt an effective measure of developing wide range of
knowledge and understanding about the topic. Group tourism and small competition are
the activities which could be carried by the museum in order to develop thirst for
knowledge and develop interest for the same as well (Sweet and Wills, 2013).
Besides this, there are modern means of media such as social networking sites are also
playing very effective role in terms of spreading the information about the company natural and
heritage history of country among large number of customers.
CONCLUSION
From the above report, it can be stated that it is important for the government of nation
that it must makes efforts towards protecting the natural and cultural history of country. This is
because, the given sector tend to attract many visitors towards the country and thereby due to this
positive impact is being incurred by the economy of UK. In addition to this, there are number of
form of tourism have evolved due to the development of in the given industry. Among different
type of tourism products, the culture and heritage tourism has gained importance or popularity in
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the today's scenario. In this context, it is assessed that nowadays travelers showcasing their
interest towards gaining their understanding regarding the ethnic history of nation.
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REFERENCES
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Hoffman, B., 2006. Art and Cultural Heritage: Law, Policy, and Practice. Cambridge University
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Leask, A. and Rihova, I., 2010. The role of heritage tourism in the Shetland Islands.
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Stone, P., 2013. Dark tourism scholarship: a critical review. International Journal of Culture
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Sweet, J. and Wills, J., 2013. Cultural heritage and development in South East Asia. Handbook
of research on development and religion. pp. 338-355.
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Tomaselli, K., 2012. Cultural tourism and identity: rethinking indigeneity. Martinus Nijhoff
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Online
Council for the Encouragement of Music and Arts. 2016. [Online]. Available through:
<http://www.artbiogs.co.uk/2/societies/council-encouragement-music-arts>. [Accessed on
29th January 2016].
The British Museum. 2016. [Online]. Available through: <http://www.britishmuseum.org/>.
[Accessed on 29th January 2016].
The Natural History Museum. 2016. [Online]. Available through: <http://www.nhm.ac.uk/>.
[Accessed on 29th January 2016].
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