Socio-Economic Status, University Support & Entrepreneurship Report

This report investigates the relationship between university students' socio-economic status, university support, and their entrepreneurial intentions. The study explores how factors like socio-economic background, university environment, and support systems influence students' desire to start their own businesses. The research includes a literature review, methodology, results analysis, and discussion. The methodology includes primary data collection through surveys and the use of regression analysis. The findings provide insights into the impact of socio-economic status, university support, and other variables on students' entrepreneurial aspirations. The report concludes with recommendations for universities and policymakers to foster a more supportive environment for student entrepreneurship. The study highlights the importance of understanding the factors that shape students' career choices and contribute to economic development and innovation.

Running Head: SOCIOLOGY
SOCIOLOGY
Name of the University
Name of the Student
Author Note

SOCIOLOGY 1
Abstract
In the last few decades, entrepreneurship has attracted attention. This problem is mainly because
businesses are increasingly needed by creating fresh thoughts and turning into lucrative
enterprises to accelerate economic development. Entrepreneurship is not just the incubator of
technological progress; it also offers opportunities for jobs and competitiveness. Very few
initiations have been made towards the research and finding of the factor of the influence of the
university and the support from the university towards the entrepreneurial intentions of the
students. This research study aims to find influence and the support of the university over the
entrepreneurial intentions of the university students. The problem statement of the research is an
attempt to fill the gap in the review of the literature with the examination of the relationship of
several of the factors, including the support and the influence of the university. The research
used primary data collection procedure followed by regression analysis. The study includes a
thorough discussion summing up with a conclusion in the following chapters.

SOCIOLOGY 2
Table of Contents
Chapter One – Introduction.............................................................................................................5
1.1 Overview...........................................................................................................................5
1.2 Problem Statement.................................................................................................................6
1.3 Research Aim.........................................................................................................................7
1.4 Research Objectives...............................................................................................................8
1.5 Research Questions................................................................................................................8
1.6 Research Rationale................................................................................................................8
1.7 Structure of the paper.............................................................................................................9
Chapter 2 - Literature Review.......................................................................................................12
2.1 Introduction..........................................................................................................................12
2.1.1 Entrepreneurial intentions.............................................................................................13
2.1.2 Attitudes............................................................................................................................17
2.1.3 Socio economic status...................................................................................................18
2.2 Theoretical background and Hypothesis Development.......................................................19
2.2.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................19
2.2.2 Shapero and Sokal’s (1982) Entrepreneurial Event Theory.........................................20
2.2.3 Theory of Planned Behaviour - Ajzen’s.......................................................................21
2.2.4 The Holland’s Theory of Careers.................................................................................23
2.3 College Impact Models........................................................................................................24
2.3.1 The Input – Environment – Output (I-E-O) Model......................................................24
2.4 Empirical Studies.................................................................................................................27
2.4.1 Student Input Variables................................................................................................27
2.4.2 Guardian’s entrepreneurship.........................................................................................28
2.4.3 Educational goals..........................................................................................................29
2.4.4 University Support........................................................................................................30
2.4.5 Perceived contextual support............................................................................................32
Hypothesis.................................................................................................................................34
Chapter 3 - Methodology...............................................................................................................36
3.1 Introduction..........................................................................................................................36
3.1.1 Research method outline:.............................................................................................36
3.2 Research Onion:...................................................................................................................37

SOCIOLOGY 3
3.3 Research Philosophy:...........................................................................................................38
3.3.1 Justification for the chosen research philosophy:.........................................................39
3.4 Research Approach:.............................................................................................................39
3.4.1 Justification for the chosen research approach:............................................................40
3.5 Research Design:.................................................................................................................40
3.5.1 Justification for the chosen research design:................................................................42
3.6 Research strategy:................................................................................................................42
3.7 Selection of Sampling Methods and Sample size:...............................................................42
3.8 Data collection method:.......................................................................................................43
3.8.1 Secondary Research:.....................................................................................................43
3.8.2. Primary Research:........................................................................................................44
3.9 Data Analysis Technique:....................................................................................................45
3.10 Sampling Method...............................................................................................................46
3.11. Research limitation:..........................................................................................................47
3.12 Time horizon:.....................................................................................................................47
3.13 Summary:...........................................................................................................................48
Chapter 4 - Results.........................................................................................................................50
4.1 Overview..............................................................................................................................50
4.2 Demographic Analysis.........................................................................................................50
4.3 Inferential Statistics.............................................................................................................55
4.5 Regression Analysis.............................................................................................................57
4.6 Impact of controlled variables on Entrepreneur Intention...................................................58
4.7 Impact of Present Economic status on Entrepreneur Intention...........................................59
4.8 Impact of Childhood Economic status on Entrepreneur Intention......................................59
4.9 Impact of University Support on Entrepreneur Intention....................................................59
4.10 Impact of Present economic status on Entrepreneurship Intention- with Moderating
Variable......................................................................................................................................59
4.11 Impact of Current economic status on the Entrepreneurship Intention- With moderating
variable......................................................................................................................................60
4.12 Hypothesis Testing............................................................................................................60
4.13 Summary............................................................................................................................61
Chapter 5 – Discussion..................................................................................................................62
5.1 Discussion............................................................................................................................62

SOCIOLOGY 4
5.2 Recommendations................................................................................................................66
Chapter 6 - Conclusion................................................................................................................71
6.1 Limitations and future research suggestion.........................................................................71
6.2 Conclusion and Summary....................................................................................................72
References......................................................................................................................................77

SOCIOLOGY 5
Chapter One – Introduction

SOCIOLOGY 6
1.1 Overview
The economic growth of the nation and the empowerment of the individuals are being driven by
the entrepreneurship. From the times of the primitive ages, the economists have recognised the
development or the emergence of business together with the success of small and mediocre
business forms are associated with the factors like the creation of jobs and innovation. The
context of the entrepreneurship offers some of the significant changes or the opportunities for the
individual towards the achievement of their financial independence (Saeed et al. 2015). The
discovery of the factors that impacts the choice of an individual for pursuing the ownership of
independent business leads to insights that affect the economic growth and economic
development.
The essentiality of the educational training and support of entrepreneurship has been long
recognised as one of the essential factors for the start-ups. According to the research,
entrepreneurship has got the attention of the scholars and the policymakers due to the
requirement for the entrepreneurs contributing to the development of the economy.
Entrepreneurs help in the event by the generation of the ideas and turning them to profitable
ventures that provide excellent job opportunities (Pruett et al. 2009). Thus the boost towards the
opportunities of entrepreneurship is very much essential for the stimulation of the growth where
the individuals in the society can learn the stimulation of the intensity and volume reading the
activities of entrepreneurship.
In the last few decades, entrepreneurship has attracted attention. This problem is mainly because
businesses are increasingly needed by creating fresh thoughts and turning into lucrative
enterprises to accelerate economic development. Entrepreneurship is not just the incubator of
technological progress; it also offers opportunities for jobs and competitiveness.

SOCIOLOGY 7
In the entrepreneurship literature, however, there is little proof of the measurement of ES among
learners who learn in schools far from the real entrepreneurial culture in the metropolitan area.
Unlike in urban fields, in developing and rural regions, academic organisations have limited
access to give students a practical orientation to start up and run a company; for example,
internship opportunities (Denanyoh, Adjei and Nyemekye 2015). Those who learn there could,
therefore, have insufficient business expertise which could lead to a negative situation for
entrepreneurship. If so, it would add another question that policymakers should address, since it
does not only increase unemployment problems and also delays the financial development and
progress of the country. Consequently, it is equally important to assess the entrepreneurship
perspective between many learners from rural schools, comparable to the metropolitan areas.
1.2 Problem Statement
Though there has been several of the previous studies demonstrating the relationship
among the characteristic of the individual including the factors such as the beliefs,
characteristics, entrepreneurial intentions and attitudes, very few initiations have been
made towards the research and finding of the factor of the influence of the university and
the support from the university towards the entrepreneurial intentions of the students. The
influence and the support of the university furthermore includes the factors like career
choice of student, environment of university, socio economic status of students that needs
to be analysed since very little empirical research has been done towards the connection
and the relationship among the environment and the support of the university and the
development of the intention of the university students for owning and starting their own
business structure (Shook and Bratianu 2010). Till the current date, the research
regarding the relationship among the university and the intentions of the entrepreneurship

SOCIOLOGY 8
of the students has been limited to the specific business courses and the environmental
variables and not the support of the university management and the socio economic status
of the students.
The problem statement of the research is an attempt to fill the gap in the review of
literature with the examination of the relationship of several of the factors including the
support and the influence of the university characterizing academic disciplines, ensuring
the introduction of new courses and workshops for extending the involvement of students
and developing entrepreneurial intentions among them.
1.3 Research Aim
The aim of the research study is towards the investigation of the influence of socio economic
status of students over the entrepreneurial intentions and also if the influence and the support
of the university do matter or not. The aim of the research study is to examine the influence
of the environment of the university towards the development of the entrepreneurial
intentions of the students. With the importance of the business of the economy, the political
and the educational communities have called for rising of the attention and the importance of
the academic and policy that needs to be directed towards the major understanding of the
factors increasing the supply of the entrepreneurs
1.4 Research Objectives
The objectives of the research study is as following:
 To examine how socio-economic status influences the entrepreneurial intentions
on the students of university.

SOCIOLOGY 9
 To identify and examine the conditions by which socio economic status can
influence the entrepreneurial intentions of the students of university.
1.5 Research Questions
The research questions of the study are the following:
 How does SES influence entrepreneurial intentions of students?
 If SES influences EI under what conditions does this happen?
1.6 Research Rationale
The rationale of the research highlights the purpose of the multi-institutional study for the
examination of the impact of the environment of the university over the development of the
entrepreneurial intentions of the university students. The significance or the rationale of the
study includes the analysis and examination of the variables in the environment of the
university that includes types, degree of students involvement which are typically encouraged
by several of the academic disciplines which have been linked to a wide number of outcomes
(Saeed et al. 2015). These are the university grade point average or GPA, persistence towards
the gradation and satisfaction with faculty of the university. The rationale of the research
study adds towards the general body of research by the examination of the connection and
relationship among the environment of university and development of intentions of
entrepreneurship.

SOCIOLOGY 10
1.7 Structure of the paper
STRUCTURE OF DISSERTATION
Title of Chapter Description of the Chapter
Chapter 1 Introduction This chapter of the research study includes the
background of the research and an introduction of
the study for the research followed by the research
questions it aims and objectives and reasons why it
will be valuable to the field of study. The chapter
ends with the development of the hypothesis for the
research and the brief overview and the structural
patterns of research study.
Chapter 2 Review of Literature This chapter provides an in-dept literature review
of both teaching methods and entrepreneurship
education and how they interlink the relevant
theories and findings will be presented from
previous research article showing how the research
will overcome the issue
Chapter 3 Research Methodology In this chapter, the data collection methodologies,
purpose for research structure, and the design of
the research will be discussed. the research
methodology that has been adopted this will allow
the reader to understand how the data was collected
by the researcher and will help distinguish
similarities and differences with other studies and

SOCIOLOGY 11
literature review
Chapter 4 Key findings and
Interpretation
This will carry the research findings and help the
reader to see how the data results findings were
analysed
Chapter 5 Conclusion and
recommendations
This will include recommendations and
conclusions of the research that will help the reader
to understand how the recommendations can help
in the future also the research limitations will be
discussed to show and clarify how the reach has
some boundaries. The s can help in helping in
suggestions to future researchers that intend to
complete or further the research on the area of
study .