Business Performance Management

This solved assignment delves into the intricacies of performance management within businesses. It covers setting objectives and performance indicators (KPIs), designing a reliable performance system, and establishing effective monitoring and review processes. The document emphasizes the importance of measurable outcomes, alignment with core business processes, and integrated performance management approaches.

Essay

Table of Contents
Essay...........................................................................................................................................1
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
UNIT 11...........................................................................................................................................1
1.1................................................................................................................................................1
1.2................................................................................................................................................1
1.3................................................................................................................................................1
1.4................................................................................................................................................2
1.5................................................................................................................................................2
UNIT 15...........................................................................................................................................2
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................2
1.1................................................................................................................................................2
1.2................................................................................................................................................3
1.3................................................................................................................................................3
1.4................................................................................................................................................3
1.5................................................................................................................................................4
1.6................................................................................................................................................4
1.7................................................................................................................................................4
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................4
2.1................................................................................................................................................4
2.2................................................................................................................................................4
2.3................................................................................................................................................4
2.4................................................................................................................................................5
2.5................................................................................................................................................5
2.6................................................................................................................................................5
2.7................................................................................................................................................5
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................5
3.1................................................................................................................................................5
3.2................................................................................................................................................6
3.3................................................................................................................................................6

UNIT 19...........................................................................................................................................6
1.1................................................................................................................................................6
1.2................................................................................................................................................6
1.3................................................................................................................................................6
1.4................................................................................................................................................7
1.5................................................................................................................................................7
1.6................................................................................................................................................7
3.2................................................................................................................................................8
UNIT 55...........................................................................................................................................8
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................8
1.1................................................................................................................................................8
1.2................................................................................................................................................8
1.3................................................................................................................................................8
1.4................................................................................................................................................8
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................9
2.1................................................................................................................................................9
2.2................................................................................................................................................9
2.3................................................................................................................................................9
2.4................................................................................................................................................9
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................9
3.1................................................................................................................................................9
3.2..............................................................................................................................................10
3.3..............................................................................................................................................10
3.4..............................................................................................................................................10
3.5..............................................................................................................................................10
3.6..............................................................................................................................................10
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................10
4.1..............................................................................................................................................10
4.2..............................................................................................................................................11
UNIT 65.........................................................................................................................................11
TASK 1..........................................................................................................................................11

1.1..............................................................................................................................................11
1.2..............................................................................................................................................11
1.3..............................................................................................................................................11
1.4..............................................................................................................................................12
1.5..............................................................................................................................................12
1.6..............................................................................................................................................12
1.7..............................................................................................................................................13
1.8..............................................................................................................................................13
1.9..............................................................................................................................................13
TASK 2..........................................................................................................................................13
2.1..............................................................................................................................................13
2.2..............................................................................................................................................13
2.3..............................................................................................................................................14
2.4..............................................................................................................................................14
2.5..............................................................................................................................................14
2.6..............................................................................................................................................14
2.7..............................................................................................................................................15
TASK 3..........................................................................................................................................15
3.1..............................................................................................................................................15
3.2..............................................................................................................................................15
3.3..............................................................................................................................................15
3.4..............................................................................................................................................15
3.5..............................................................................................................................................16
3.6..............................................................................................................................................16
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................16
4.1..............................................................................................................................................16
4.2..............................................................................................................................................16
4.3..............................................................................................................................................16
4.4..............................................................................................................................................17
4.5..............................................................................................................................................17
4.6..............................................................................................................................................17

4.7..............................................................................................................................................17
UNIT 73.........................................................................................................................................18
TASK 1..........................................................................................................................................18
1.1..............................................................................................................................................18
1.2..............................................................................................................................................18
1.3..............................................................................................................................................18
1.4..............................................................................................................................................18
1.5..............................................................................................................................................18
1.6..............................................................................................................................................19
TASK 2..........................................................................................................................................19
2.1..............................................................................................................................................19
2.2..............................................................................................................................................19
2.3..............................................................................................................................................19
TASK 3..........................................................................................................................................19
3.1..............................................................................................................................................19
3.2..............................................................................................................................................20
3.3..............................................................................................................................................20
3.4..............................................................................................................................................20
3.5..............................................................................................................................................20
3.6..............................................................................................................................................20
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................20
4.1..............................................................................................................................................20
4.2..............................................................................................................................................21
4.3..............................................................................................................................................21
4.4..............................................................................................................................................21
4.5..............................................................................................................................................21
4.6..............................................................................................................................................21
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................21
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................22

INTRODUCTION
Office Management is a simple terms of planning, organizing and administering activities
in the office. Office is a service department of an organization which is connected with handing
of records and provision of various services like typing, duplicating , mailing filing , handling
office machines, keeping records, drafting , using information , handling money and other
miscellaneous activities (Jeong, Koo and Hong, 2014). Various changes that take place in
workplace is all detailed in this report. In addition to this major elements that require to consider
during design office facility is also included in this.
UNIT 11
1.1
Changing office procedures requires careful planning to ensure employees understand the
new procedures and don’t drift back into old habits. Step sin establishing office management
procedures:
 developing the idea stage
 the research and development stage
 the executive/implement stage
1.2
Effective managers see to it that assignments and projects are monitored continually.
Some points are given below top manage work effectiveness:
 team meetings
 Key Performance Indicators (KPIs)
 setting performance standards.
1.3
Constraints attached to office facilities and related budgets are:
 contractual obligations with existing supplier
 delivery charges that might apply
 limited suppliers to choose from locally
1.4
Factors to be taken into account in the design of office systems are:

 cost
 review need
 discuss with end users
 design system/procedure and guidance documents
 implement
 delivery any training (systems)
 evaluate
1.5
Few ways to create the best work environment:
 Hire an Adequate Workforce. ...
 Hire the Right Employees for the Job. ...
 Set Realistic Expectations. ...
 Offer Fair Compensation. ...
 Don't Micromanage. ...
 Ask for Suggestions – Then Listen.
UNIT 15
TASK 1
1.1
Primary data- It is the data collected for a specific purpose or for particular objectives. It is
customized according the requirements of the researcher.
Limitations
 Primary research may ask for huger expense than secondary research.
 The procedure is more time consuming, and costs a lot of assets.
Secondary data- It is available from other sources and may already have been used in previous
research, making it easier to carry out further research (Sarr and et. al., 2016). It is time-saving
and cost-efficient.
Limitations
 Information may be unsuitable for current research project.
 The data may lack details that fulfil goal of the client at present.

1.2
Quantitative data- Quantitative data are pieces of information that can be counted and
which are usually gathered by surveys from large numbers of respondents randomly selected for
inclusion.
Limitations
 Difficult to understand context of a phenomenon
 Data may not be robust enough to explain complex issues
Qualitative method- Qualitative data are usually gathered by observation, interviews or
focus groups, but may also be gathered from written documents and through case studies.
Limitations
 More difficult to analyse; don’t fit neatly in standard categories
 Data collection is usually time consuming.
1.3
Validity in data collection means that your findings truly represent the phenomenon you
are claiming to measure (Shelley, 2015). Validity encompasses the entire experimental concept
and establishes whether the results obtained meet all of the requirements of the scientific
research method.
Reliability of study findings requires researchers and health professionals to make
judgements about the ‘soundness’ of the research in relation to the application and
appropriateness of the methods undertaken and the integrity of the final conclusions.
1.4
Research software and research tools enable researchers and modelers to construct
theories and system models. They typically support capturing hypotheses, inferring mechanisms,
and formulating experimental results within the same framework.
1.5
Risks are:
 Biassness
 Unrepresentative sample
 Results are not valid

1.6
Generalization, which is an act of reasoning that involves drawing broad inferences from
particular observations, is widely-acknowledged as a quality standard in quantitative research,
but is more controversial in qualitative research.
1.7
Data presentation and analysis forms an important part of all academic studies,
commercial, industrial and marketing activities as well as professional practices. Two main
methods of data presentation are:
 Charts and diagram
 Tabulation
TASK 2
2.1
Parameters in statistics is an important component of any statistical analysis. In simple
words, parameter is any numerical quantity that characterizes a given population or some aspect
of it.
2.2
Ethical guidelines or codes are used by groups and organizations to define what actions
are morally right and wrong (Walter, 2016). Ethical behaviour and corporate social responsibility
can bring significant benefits to a business.
2.3
Steps to decide how to organize data :
1. Name your database. ...
2. Identify the objects. ...
3. Define and name a table for each object. ...
4. Identify the attributes for each object. ...
5. Define and name columns for each separate attribute that you identify in Step 4. ...
6. Identify the primary key.

2.4
The validity of the research findings are influenced by a range of different factors
including choice of sample, researcher bias and design of the research tools. ON the other hand
reliability is evaluated by respondent validation, which can involve the researcher taking their
interpretation of the data back to the individuals involved in the research and ask them to
evaluate the extent to which it represents their interpretations and view.
2.5
An analytical technique is a method that is used to determine the concentration of a
chemical compound or chemical element. It is a generic process combining the power of
Scientific Method with the use of formal process to solve any type of problem.
2.6
Data accuracy is one of the components of data quality. It refers to whether data values
stored for an object are the correct values. There are a lot of tactics you can implement to
improve data quality and achieve greater accuracy from analysis.
2.7
For any research project and any scientific discipline, drawing conclusions is the final,
and most important, part of the process. Whichever reasoning processes and research methods
were used, the final conclusion is critical, determining success or failure.
TASK 3
3.1
Format:
 layout
 arrangement
 design
House style: The organisation’s preferred way of presenting information, eg font style, size, etc.
3.2
The limitations and delimitations sections of your research proposal describe situations
and circumstances that may affect or restrict your methods and analysis of research data.
Limitations are influences that the researcher cannot control. ... your analysis.

3.3
Reference data are data that define the set of permissible values to be used by other data
fields. Reference data gain in value when they are widely re-used and widely referenced. A
reference data source supplies data values that replace the foreign key value when that key refers
to a surrogate primary key.
UNIT 19
1.1
Steps to deal with Junk Mail
1. Step 1: Stop the Flow. ...
2. Step 2: No More Credit Card Solicitations. ...
3. Step 3: Put the Kibosh on Unwanted Phone Books and Catalogs. ...
4. Step 4: Contribute to Charities, Not Mailings. ...
5. Step 5: Stop Junk Promo Products. ...
6. Step 6: Get Off the List of ALL Direct Marketers.
1.2
All post to and from the office lands at my desk and I immediately sort through it. If there
is a problem with these prices, for example it is the wrong site of letter, the value can be in putted
manually on the franking machine.
Problems:
 deadlines missed
 appointments missed
 banking of cheques delayed
 security issues, damage
1.3
Operate a franking machine
 Place your item onto the scales, select letter, large letter or parcel
 Feed letter into machine, facing upwards, and a franked mark is stamped in to envelope,
together with company logo
 For larger packets, you print onto a self-adhesive franking label and affix to the parcel to
avoid printing being illegible or the parcel being damaged.

 Manufacturers will publish the volume of letters and parcels a franking machines can
process.
1.4
After all post, has been franked, it to be placed inside the appropriate posting bag, based
on its class this is for easier distribution. Post outgoing packages are already pre-packaged by the
employees wanting to send them. Some packages still need to be weighed by the franking
machine for a label to be created. Packages are then collected by the couriers or mail who will
come into the building and pick them up on our caretaker every week
1.5
Mail handling- It may have confidential information. It may include personal
information about employees or contain business secrets such as the names of customers and
confidential information relative to the business, customers, and clients.
Ensure security of mail items, all post addressed to employees are organised and
delivered to their pigeon holes, to be opened by themselves.
Courier service used by my workplace is Parcelforce. All items intended to be picked up
by Parcelforce need a label affixed to them which is scanned by the courier.
1.6
There are several ways to identify a suspicious item, some characteristics include5
misspelling of name or address, no return address, stains, discolouration or a strange odour, or
uneven / unnecessary packaging.
Suspicious or damaged items:
 record date and time of receipt
 report to appropriate authority
3.2
Mails should always be dispatched or distributed to the correct recipient, because they
can be important and confidential information which should not be disclosed to others. They
have to be also distributed on time, so that the task specified on the email is completed within the
timescale mentioned and the deadline is met, so that we avoid complaints or other serious issues.

UNIT 55
TASK 1
1.1
Financial planning is undertaken by an organisation to identify how it will achieve the
goals and objectives set out in its strategic plan, and the financial plan will describe and quantify
in financial terms the activities and resources required to achieve each objective.
1.2
A business case supports decision making and business planning by projecting financial
estimates and other business consequences associated with undertaking a particular course of
action that are relevant to organisational requirements, such as risk and critical success factors.
1.3
It is important to be fully aware of the interests of various internal and external
stakeholders when developing a business case as different stakeholder groups have different
priorities and expectations of the organisation.
Stakeholder groups will also vary in their power to influence (or affect) the organisation
and in their levels of interest in what the organisation does.
1.4
Business planning is generally conducted annually, and, although arrangements and
practices will differ from organisation to organisation.
Business planning cycle is likely to cover a review and prioritisation of strategic
priorities, the development of a strategic business plan and separate business plans.
TASK 2
2.1
Budgeting is a critically important part of the business planning process. The proper
function of budgeting is to plan, measure and control future activities, and budget-setting
requires managers to set out and plan their resource requirements for the coming year.

2.2
There are a number of different types of budgets like Production, Capital, Operating
budget, depending upon the nature of the organisation as well as its aims and objectives and its
budgetary policies and procedures, and the setting of each type of budget will require relevant
and pertinent information.
2.3
Contingency planning enables organisations to respond in a structured way to an
unplanned event, and is generally undertaken at the same time as the annual budgeting process.
2.4
Budget-setting is critical for effective and efficient organisational planning and control,
and will be subject to rigorous organisational policies and procedures. Having a formal and
structured budgeting process is the foundation for good business management, growth and
development.
TASK 3
3.1
Budgetary control is the process of comparing planned values with actual values as they
occur during the year in order to monitor and control the performance and expenditure of the
organisation and to allow corrective action to be taken if thought necessary.
In order to manage budgets effectively and efficiently, it is necessary to:
 Monitor, control, and record all the finances (income and expenditure),
 Know how to minimise costs in the areas that you are responsible for,
 Efficiently manage and authorise expenditures.
3.2
Budget variances refer to the unpredictable factors that cause a company to spend more
or less than it expects to spend in its budget. The company separates out labour costs and
material costs when it calculates its budget variances.
3.3
The actions to be taken to address variations will depend upon the reasons for the
variance, the significance of the variance, and a variance report should include recommendations

for corrective action, where necessary. A budget variance is the difference between the budgeted
or baseline amount of expense or revenue, and the actual amount.
3.4
Although budgets created annually, they are evaluated regularly to enable adjustments to
be made, if required.
For example, there may be a case for revising a budget if certain categories within a budget are
underspent whilst others are overspent, and a budget revision process enables businesses to
reduce excessive spending and re-allocate resources to where they are now needed.
3.5
Financial reports or statements are crucial for tracking the financial health of your
business. They're also important for setting goals, making sound business decisions and
obtaining finance.
3.6
Employees have a responsibility to play in the prevention of fraud and malpractice both
through the way they carry out their work and in their general conduct. These responsibilities
will be stated in an organisation’s policies and procedures relating to fraud or malpractice, and
these policies and procedures are likely to state.
TASK 4
4.1
SOME STEPS ARE GIVEN BELWO:
1. Review your current performance against last year/current year targets.
2. Work out your opportunities and threats.
3. Analyse your successes and failures during the previous year.
4. Look at your key objectives for the coming year and change.
5. Identify and refine the resource implications of your review and build a budget.
6. Define the new financial year's profit-and-loss and balance-sheet targets.
7. Conclude the plan.
8. Review it regularly

4.2
A budget audit and evaluation will produce a Report and make recommendations to
increase the accuracy and validity of future budget setting and management. A budget should be
a living document you update regularly and integrate with a variety of financial reports that help
you respond to potential problems and take advantage of profit-making opportunities.
UNIT 65
TASK 1
1.1
Workforce planning techniques use a range of data and information from internal and
external sources to support overall decisions about future profiles and staffing requirements
within the organization.
1.2
Information needed to identify recruitment requirements includes:
 Corporate information related to the strategic direction and focus of the organization,
including risk and uncertainty, as part of the corporate planning cycle
 Demand issues- changes over the planning period, innovation, technology, structural
changes, skill requirements
 Decisions about the utilization of contractors and/or existing staff
1.3
‘Impact’ reflects the influence the structure and culture of the organization has on
recruitment and selection policies and practices and the value placed on the expertise of hiring
managers, interviewing techniques and the selection of candidates.
1.4
Analyses ‘means to examine in detail the factors involved in establishing the recruitment
and selection criteria.
Key factors include:
 Legislation and good practice
 Establishing a vacancy exists- purpose and nature of job to be filled

Job analysis- job description (what the job entails including pay) and person specification (the
‘ideal’ person for the job)
1.5
A range of selection and recruitment processes are used and the choice can partly relate
to the level of seniority of the prospective post holder.
Including, though not exclusively the following methods:
 Face to face interviews and /or telephone interviews, following on from submission of
completed application forms and/or curriculum vitae (C.V’s)
 Use of references and previous employment checking
 Psychological testing – used in occupational settings to measure individuals’ differences
(e.g. ability, personality)
1.6
Analyse’ means to examine and draw meaning from the patterns of employment that
affect staff.
A number of different patterns of employment have been developed to meet the needs of
employers and employees. These include, for example:
 Full-time employees
 Part-time employees
 Job-sharing arrangements
 Permanent and fixed term posts
The use of temporary agency workers or contractors
1.7
A job specification defines the knowledge, skills and abilities that are required to perform a job
in an organization. Job specification covers aspects like education, work-experience, managerial
experience etc which can help accomplish the goals related to the job.
Job description is a document that describes the general tasks, or other related duties, and
responsibilities of a position.
A job advertisement is a paid announcement in a newspaper or other medium about a job
vacancy.

1.8
Induction processes are most likely to include information about:
 Organizational culture and the expectations of employees
 New tasks and procedures (including health and safety information)
 Key contacts
 Practical arrangements
 Initial role direction and focus
1.9
 Follow-up and monitor the relationship Because they are constantly follow up the
application of policies and programs for human resources management in the
organization
 Service relationship It serves other departments in recruiting people who have the skills
and competencies.
TASK 2
2.1
Staffing needs are for a specific job category or job code. Whenever a forecast is
generated, Labour Management refers to the requirement definitions and arrives at the number of
labour hours required to meet the demands of the forecasted value.
2.2
Current skills needs figures may potentially produce a different calculation to the figure
for the actual current staffing profile. Identified staffing needs can be determined by:
 Using the current (actual) and projected workforce profiles and identifying any gaps in
headcount, grades, knowledge, skills, abilities and experience
 Noting these gaps and excesses in each of the six areas
2.3
Work-force planning involves two major activities. First is developing and analyzing data
that identify HR needs. This will include such data as future gaps and surpluses in the work
force, diversity statistics, population demographics, health and safety statistics, turnover rates
and causes, and employee-opinion survey results.

2.4
A resourcing plan is an essential requirement, particularly when constrained by budgetary
limitations, when decisions are being made about priorities for action to meet the identified
needs. Resourcing need decisions and priorities may be based upon, for example:
 Vital skills needed for success
 Training versus recruiting to fill competency gaps
 The use of agencies and other third parties versus using own staff
2.5
Different methods of recruitment include using:
 Existing employees -internal recruitment
 Job centres
 Scanning of known sources and networking
 Employment agencies or recruitment agencies
‘Cost effectiveness’ provides an economic analysis of the relative costs and outcomes of two or
more courses of action.
2.6
Key legislation regarding recruitment and selection cannot be explained in a brief
paragraph; however, a good starting point is The Equality Act 2010 which aims to provide a
simpler and more consistent and more effective legal framework.
There are ‘protected characteristics ‘in the act. In addition, types of discrimination, victimization
and harassment are covered.
2.7
Matching job role to method of recruitment involves decisions about the most effective
method to use.
 Managerial, specialist and technical staff may require more targeted routes which tend to
be more expensive and this has to be balanced against the cost of not filling key posts
 For semi- skilled positions there may be a wider pool of available talent in the locality
and the job centre may be able to provide a stream of applicants

TASK 3
3.1
Assessment processes include:
 Psychometric testing which can be used to measure individual differences in personality
and ability and make predictions about future behavior.
 Assessment Centres – are used for large –scale recruitment, graduates and senior roles,
specialist and technical positions.
3.2
The information used in selection processes is taken mainly from two main sources:
 Data including the completed application form and /or C.V.
 Job description, person specification, references
 Results of tests or appraisals (internal candidates)
 Interview performance
3.3
Criteria are established, prior to assessment, in order to filter out those candidates who do
not meet both the minimum criteria and essential requirements, as stated in the person
specification.
3.4
Candidates may be informed of the outcome of the application process, in line with
organizational procedures, in one or more of the following ways:
Process for unsuccessful candidates:
 Informed as soon as possible either by telephone and/or letter
Process for successful candidates:
 Verbal offer stating conditions of service including length of contract
 Written conditional offer
3.5
Depending on the success criteria established by the organization, effectiveness is evaluated by
the quality of the outcomes of the selection process.

3.6
Both order and detail are important when following organizational policies and
procedures also when carrying out selection assessments with due regard to legal and ethical
requirements.
TASK 4
4.1
Induction materials are designed to:
 Enable the new employee to fulfill the requirements of the role effectively,
 Increase training accessibility
 Make contact with other employees as early as possible
4.2
Induction information is made available at a general and specific level, increasing use
being made of accessible online information through the company website links. Essential
policies and procedures are made available at Induction; Ones that are of direct and immediate
concern to the new employee e.g. Health and Safety.
4.3
Roles and responsibilities helps employees to understand their job requirements, what
they are expected to do and the teams that they are part of.
Explanation may be in more formal presentations and depending on the roles these are useful for
explaining company values and beliefs alongside more practical day to day information.
4.4
'Entitlements’ are guaranteed rights linked closely with legislation, company policy and
good practice within the organization. Depending on the nature of the help required, key
contacts will be named e.g. line manager in order that questions can be responded to and requests
actioned.
4.5
Training needs are assessed by:
 Identifying role -specific performance requirements ,knowledge , skills and ability levels

 Identifying specific performance requirements, skills, experience and ability levels in
new starters
 Specific role requirements/ levels of skill or experience required
4.6
On-the-job training- Employees receive training whilst remaining in the workplace, main
methods include:
 Demonstration / instruction - showing the trainee how to do the job Coaching - a more intensive method of training that involves a close working
relationship between an experienced employee and the trainee
Off-the-job training- Employees are taken away from their place of work to be trained.
Frequently used methods of off-the-job training include:
 Distance learning / evening classes
4.7
Models of support
The level and nature of support required will vary during the induction period examples include:
 Standard supervision – the line manager provides a regular level of support, including a
small amount of non-work related assistance.
 Non-delineated supervision and support – in this model, work-related support is provided
by the placement supervisor, who is also available to offer personal support.
UNIT 73
TASK 1
1.1
Objectives – if there is more than one objective then it is important to rank the objectives
in order of priority and risk of criticality to the outcome of the management of the task or project.
Scope – knowing the specific details of the tasks and jobs that need to be achieved to
meet the objective and reach a successful conclusion.
Success - To be able to do this successfully the learner needs to mention that the criteria
can include delivering the task or project on time, within budget and within the required
deliverables.

1.2
Assessment of the importance of the potential impact can include:
 financial implications on too much resource being used or too little being used
 allocation of work to specific people, ensuring that correct knowledge and expertise is
given against each aspect of the task or project.
1.3
To enable managers to know which parts of task or project will need to take priority and
this in turn will lead to deciding to whom, and why, tasks within the task or project need to be
allocated.
1.4
 to ensure that tasks/projects being undertaken will benefit the business in terms of sales,
productivity, meeting customer requirements (internal or external)
 continue to ensure that work being done meets with the ethical, moral, financial
reputation/view of the organisation and thus lessen any risk of negative impression
externally
1.5
Two ways information validated are:
 Integrity of person/s or site/s information came from
 Checking information against details and specification of task/project requirements
1.6
Firstly, the learner needs to identify issues that he/she had to address or could address. These
could be:
 Financial
 Resource based – equipment, time, information
 People.
TASK 2
2.1
The main responsibility of a manager is to: plan, organise, lead and control.

The main responsibility of a leader is to: communicate, motivate, inspire and encourage
employees towards a higher level of productivity.
2.2
 Transactional leadership style – this could be suitable if the team member
responded positively to reward based task completions.
 Bureaucratic leadership style – good for highly risky situations as managers
follows rules rigorously.
2.3
Maslow's hierarchy of needs- Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs states that we must satisfy
each need in turn, starting with the first, which deals with the most obvious needs for survival
itself.
Herzberg's main theory and its significance- Herzberg was the first to show that
satisfaction and dissatisfaction at work nearly always arose from different factors, and were not
simply opposing reactions to the same factors, as had always previously been believed.
TASK 3
3.1
The manager is the person who ensures that the team also works within these parameters
and monitors the progress of achievements against the given rules and procedures, ethos and
culture.
3.2
Consider smart targeting for all team members, close monitoring of progress of
individuals and overall team objective, building commitment from the team and each person in
the team, being clear about objectives so that all team members know their own role and
responsibility within achieving objectives, renegotiate with team members as necessary.
3.3
This is effectively the personality of an organisation; if the organisation has clear vision, mission
and objectives then the manager knows the culture he/ she is working within and achievements
made can be set against these parameters.

3.4
• Nudge theory – modern change management concept that helps managers to understand
people’s way of thinking, helping them to improve upon this and managing change of all
types.
• Corporate governance - manages the risk involved within leadership, authority, ego,
wealth creation, responsibility, ethics etc. and how these issues reconcile and conflict
within organisational and market settings.
3.5
Information and explanations on how directive a manager will need to be dependent on
the theory used, how hands on a manager needs to be with managing different aspects of team
behaviours, thinking processes and motivations and commitments
3.6
Operational constraints could be:
• Staffing levels – increased or decreased
• Allocation and procurement of resources and materials
• Ability to be able to forward plan effectively – workwise and also growth wise
TASK 4
4.1
 The objectives are set first and within this key criteria of outcomes are set also.
 These outcomes against each aspect of the performance indicators then feeds back into
the organisation overall objectives.
4.2
The main / key features are that it has to be reliable and good. The performance system
could include – information needs to be quantitative, measurable, easily understood by everyone
using the system, visible and appropriately used.
4.3
Make sure that what is being set is measurable, map core business processes, mapped
core business processes are aligned to roles, responsibilities and any factors for success that are

critical to the business, select the KPIs based on success criteria established, set target and
review dates.
4.4
Ensure monitoring is based on a clearly formed plan and can be chart driven e.g. as for
project management, plans should have the KPIs on it so that it is clear that this is what is being
monitored against, it should also contain the timetabling for reviews and when these will take
place.
4.5
The use of integrated performance management (IPM) this would include taking a
holistic look at planning, budgeting, forecasting, reporting, performance measurement and
profitability.
4.6
Outputs: the products, services that are the result from an organisation’s activities or
from a specific project are known as the outputs.
Outcomes: The outcomes are the changes that take place as you carry out your aims or
objectives as an organisation and the outcomes may not be what the organisation planned them
to be initially.
CONCLUSION
From the abiove information it can be usummarised that various factor are there which
affcet the activities of an anterprise.
REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Jeong, K., Koo, C. and Hong, T., 2014. An estimation model for determining the annual energy
cost budget in educational facilities using SARIMA (seasonal autoregressive integrated
moving average) and ANN (artificial neural network). Energy. 71. pp.71-79.
Sarr, M.G. and et. al., 2016. How we handle submissions to SURGERY: Timeline, peer review,
delays, and more. Surgery. 160(1). pp.1-2.
Shelley, S., 2015. These flowmeters handle high-volume gases. Chemical Engineering. 122(5).
pp.36-37.
Walter, T., 2016. Handbook for the Rural Anesthesia Provider: How to Develop and Manage an
Anesthesia Department.