Corporate Social Responsibility & Employee Behavior

This assignment delves into the multifaceted relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives and employee behavior. It draws from various academic sources including Brand et al.'s (2011) perspective on CSR in European Journal of Marketing, Ng & Feldman's (2012) meta-analytic test of conservation of resources framework in Journal of Organizational Behavior, and theories like Maslow's hierarchy of needs and Herzberg's two-factor motivation theory. The assignment aims to analyze how CSR influences employee intentions, voice behavior, creativity, and job satisfaction.

Organisation
Behaviour

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
P1 a) Handy cultural typology....................................................................................................1
P1 b) How culture, power and politics is influencing behaviour of BBC...................................2
TASK2 ......................................................................................................................................3
P2 a) Content and process of motivational theories....................................................................3
P2 b) Motivational theories will help organisation to improve team effectiveness....................5
P2 c) Improving level of motivation within Cad-bury................................................................6
TASK3.............................................................................................................................................6
P3 a) Types of team in context of Cad-bury...............................................................................6
P3 b) Effective teams development of BBC (Tuck-man and Jensen's model)...........................7
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................9
P4 (a) Organisational concept/theory which affects the BBC's productivity..............................9
P4 (b) Main barriers that effect performance of BBC.................................................................9
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
Organisation behaviour is a study in which analysis the way of people interact within
group. It helps to create more economical business firm. The main work of this examination is
manage all employees in an effective manner. It is a scientific approach that can helps to
organise all business activities among staff members. Through this, company are able to achieve
goals and objectives in limited period of time effectively. In this report BBC firm are selected to
analysis impact of organisation behaviour on business performance as well as productivity in
ling period of time. BBC is a British Broadcasting Corporation located in UK, London. It is a
established by government with agreed by parliament of United Kingdom. It established in the
year of 1922 and public limited firm with revenue of £4.954 billion in the year of 2017 (Lee, L.
and et. al., 2011). In this assignment covers Handy's cultural typology and motivational theories
in order to improve motivation with in BBC to achieve goals and objectives effectively. It also
cover different type of team with in organisation and model of Tuckman and Jensen.
TASK 1
P1 a) Handy cultural typology
This theory are established by Charles Handy. He is born in the year of 1932 at Ireland
and they have specialist in organisation culture. He has provide various kind of points which
affect firm working environment as well as workers performance. As per the case study, BBC
have conducting organisation restructuring which are very complex in their nature so that in
order to remove all traditional methodologies and implemented new one to achieve goal of
digital future. Organisation is a place where several person are work together in order to achieve
goals and objectives in specific period of time. It is a management responsibilities to develop
healthy working environment with in work place that affect productivity as well as reduce
conflict among staff members. In handy theory, explain four kind of couture in each and every
company which are define firm's methodologies of working. These all point are discus as below:
Power Culture: With in enterprises, employees are work in efferent level of department
and accordingly they have power to completing their work effectively. The main power of
decision are allotted to top management and they are the main body of whole business unit
(Martin and Burke, 2012). BBC has revamping their culture resulted employees has came for
work and do their best through this firm are able to achieve value of their money. Human
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resources manager of BBC has restructuring current working style which help to improve
workers confidence and they grape opportunities easily. In any company there are very few
person which have decision making power in order to operate business activities like develop
strategies and plan, arrangement of finance etc. in an effective manner. All other employees are
follow their decision in given seniors. BBC has distribute working power according to staff
members capabilities and professional skills so that they are achieve goals in give time frame
effectively. Through this, they are motivating their employees toward organisation work thus
enhance their performance as well as productivity in long period of time.
Task Culture: In this, company has large number of employees are work to completing
whole operations process as well as work in order to achieve goals and objectives in specific
period of time. HR manager has focus on developing transparency at work place, for this they are
organising campaigns on speaking out, greater recognition of good work etc. has create
significant impact on BBC working culture. They are common skills and knowledge to complete
work effectively. The standard team size contain four to five members. In the BBC has assign
task to their employees according to their capabilities and skills. So that, through this activities
they are able to motivate all staff members in an appropriate ways which help to achieve
common goals effectively.
Person Culture: Employees thinking, feeling, behaviours and many other thing may
affect organisation culture. All workers are work together and develop culture which are called
civilization (McEvily and Tortoriello, 2011). As per case, in the past time employees perception
of BBC has perhaps weren't raising concerns not easily solve that create negative impact on
company performance. In order to restructure organisation, human resources manager of BBC
has doing lots of work on workers so that they feel free to share their opinion and thought. It
create positive as well as negative impact of firm performance at market place and take seat
behind of their competitors. Management of BBC analyse workers needs and wants and
according provide work to increase productivity and quality of product as well as services.
Through this, all staff members has develop their own working environment which help
competing task in given time frame.
Role Culture: All staff members has develop organisation culture by their personality
trait as well as others things like education, qualification, experience, specialization etc. In this,
all labour face many kind of issues in order to complete their work in an effective sways. For
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restructure organisation, HR manager of BBC has develop collaborations among team members,
simplifying complex working process and better management visibility etc. thus help to
implemented new action of plan at work place. BBC has observe their employees role in work
place and find out the gap between actual performance as well as desire performance and make
plan to reduce this gap effective. British Broadcast Corporation, was established in the year
around 1992, and it is the oldest broadcasting company that give public service to its customers.
This organisation have around 20,950 staff members in total, whereas approximately 35, 402 are
working as part-time. During their initial years they were under Royal Charter, whatever fees
company is required are given by British Government, which are in further process after
Parliament agree for the same.
According to Smith, BBC management has fail to develop healthy and safe working
environment for their employees by lack of communication, investigation etc. at work place.
Thus create negative impact of their performance as compare to their competitors at market
place. In provide case, in BBC workers are harass by top authorities which create negative
impact on their work and outcomes. Through this types of deficiency, reduce growth and overall
product or services quality of the company.
P1 b) How culture, power and politics is influencing behaviour of BBC
Now days, in one enterprise employees are came through various different culture as well
as society which affect their overall development as well as performance. If management
decision are bias in nature that create negative impact on employees work. Company face
various kind of issue related to their staff members because they are came form different
background like caste, cultural, society, nations, religion and many more. So that, it is very
difficult of manage all staff members with in work place effectively (Ng and Feldman, 2012).
Company provide some power to individuals which are help to enhance productivity to achieve
goals and objectives in an effective manner. Politics: Organisation politics has create positive as well as negative impact on workers
action. It is a management liabilities to manage healthy politics among employees which
can not affect their own rule and regulations. Political connection of labour help
enterprises to enhance their loan and current level of deed that help to run business
activities effectively in long period of time. But it has some negative points like politics
at work place create conflict between subordinates and senior. If administration take
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action related to this issues they need to consider labour interest and specialization in
order to completing task in high effective ways in limited period of time. Power: It is a set of authorities given to individuals with in enterprises in order to
achieve goals and objectives in specific period of time. It help to established smooth
functioning of whole business activities (Punjaisri and Wilson, 2011). It they can not
distribute their power in an effective ways then it create negative impact on organisation
performance as well as productivity. For restructuring firm, HR has executed strategies
according to this, all employees has feel free to share their problem with them and they
listen each one issues and investigate it in order to build confidence in employees.
Through this, productivity of workers has been increase resulted BBC achieve target in
limited period of time. Failure of BBC administration had been noticed due to
unresolved issues of employees as well as harassment which affect quality of work
negatively like less outcome is related to upstream effect and high productivity is related
to downstream effect.
 Culture: Company culture is create mentally by all staff members like belief,
assumptions, values etc. that are brought enterprise labour. This culture decide attitude
and behaviour of employees like how they behave, performance, react related to their
work or job. For restructuring organisation chart, BBC focus on revamping culture
through campaigns, develop better visibility, appreciating workers efforts, positive
relationship between team persons, simplifying complex working and many more
resulted develop healthy working environment at work place. As per given case,
management of BBC has develop certain structure of work which are followed by all
individuals with in an organisation (Solomon, Russell-Bennett and Previte, 2013).
TASK2
P2 a) Content and process of motivational theories
Motivation is very important in an organisation through which they can encourage staff
members to perform well and generate desired outcomes. It can be done through several modes
such as motivational speech, performance appraisal, appropriate incentives as per excellent work
of an employee. Encouraging activities plays an essential to enhance morale along with loyalty
of workers towards their company which reflect into their improved productivity on regular
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basis. There are different kind of theories which are providing support to motivate employees in
correct manner to improve their productivity. Some of theories that can be implement in BBC
that are explained as follows:
Maslow's hierarchy of needs: - It was introduced by the most influenced psychologist
Abraham Maslow in which it analyse five types of requirements of employees. These desires of
workers should be completed to encourage them in appropriate manner. Psychological needs:- It may includes several acquirements which are necessary for
basic life like food, shelter, clothing etc. It is important to render correct amount of pay
to fulfil all that. Safety needs:- The firm have to take care of security of employees by preparing
essential and right policies. It is relevant to health and safety along with psychological
aspects of workers (Tierney and Farmer, 2011). Social needs:- There are several requirements related to social area including family,
friend and knowns through maintaining an emotional connection. It is necessary to
reduce stress of loneliness and anxiety. Esteem:- The factor of esteem includes several special qualities and talents which are
pleasing by people around. This may involve various components such as status, image
amongst known ones and it impacts on self confidence of an individual.
 Self actualisation:- This can be described as various kind of innovative and creative
features of a person so that they an able to enhance their performance to generate
desired results regularly.
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(Sources: Maslow's hierarchy of needs, 2015)
Herzberg's theory of motivation:- This can be described as an effective approach to encourage
staff members in BBC and that is explained below: Hygiene elements:- This can be defined as various components like salary, incentives,
safe working conditions, safety and so on. All of these factors are necessary to be
completed to motivate workers (Alejandra Gonzalez-perez and Leonard, 2013).
 Motivational elements:- It may considers several constituents like providing
opportunities, satisfactory returns for their efforts etc. that can motivate an employees for
ling period of time.
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Illustration 1: Maslow's Hierarchy needs

(Sources: Maslow's 2 factor theory, 2012)
Adam's Theory of Motivation:- It is called as 'Equity Theory' that speaks about
equilibrium of inputs as well as outputs that are endowed by workers (Lazaroiu, 2015). This
concept believes that all staff members with in company become demotivated if they consider
that organisation are not provide rewards for their hard work and their stimulation are more than
outputs which help to achieve goals in an effective manner. A equality between inputs and output
would be retained by organisation as well as workers so that they provide equality to all
members.
Lockey's Theory of Motivation:- It is also named as Goal Setting Theory that says, it is
important for company to achieve the objectives of administration but not more essential than
what become by gaining these objective. They have conferred five goal setting value that
develop better chances of success in future. They are:-
 Commitment towards teams
 Clarity of goals
 Challenging goals
 Feedback gain
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Illustration 2: Maslow's two factor theory

 Task Complexity
P2 b) Motivational theories will help organisation to improve team effectiveness
There are different types of motivational model that are able to encourage staff members
in more effective as well as efficient manner. It is important to build a health and strong relations
between superior and its sub ordinates to perform together properly.
Sometimes, it is observed that workers are not happy with their professional work and get
demotivated everyday them. Managers of BBC can apply Herzberg's two factor theory to render
an effective presentation of their growth of performance to encourage people.
Maslow's theory:- This can be utilised by leaders of company through which they can
enhance skills and abilities of workers to gain more from organisation and designation. In this
theory four needs stages are come that is psychology , social, self esteem and self actualisation
needs. Maslow's has says each and every person has want to satisfy their needs in an effective
manner in order to gain satisfaction. Management of the company has implemented this theory
and full fill need of all staff members by step to step need process which help to improve
motivation in long period of time. In context with BBC, they are adopting this theory in order to
know the needs and wants of customers so that they can give better services to employees. This
is enabling them in understanding the nature and behaviour of workers so as to provide effective
outcomes.
Expectancy theory:- It can be described as to provide more benefits from company as
per excellent and improved targets achieved by staff members (Alfes and et. al., 2013). In this
theory, management of the company has analyse their employees need and wants effective in
order to full fill their expectancy appropriately which help to motivate them effectively in limited
period of time. Employees have lot of expectancy which are required to be fulfilled so that they
remain with the company for a longer period of time. This will aid them in generating more and
more money which they can use for future proceedings.
P2 c) Improving level of motivation within BBC
Leader and managers of an organisation have to evaluate motivational mind set ups of
employees because it directly impacts on performance of them. Level of encourage,net of people
must be examine in BBC which is given below:
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Improved commitment of employer:- leaders and manager has an essential role of
allocating appropriate targets according to field of expertise of an individual. This will facilitate
employees to perform more properly and create better outcomes. For this, management of the
company has empower their manager in order to enhance their work performance which are
associated directly with employees. Through this employees feel motivated when their
subordinates has provide power to competing work by their own ways.
Increased satisfaction level of workers:- Superior ha e to make sure that firm should
render correct amount of profits to workers as per their excellent performance. Through
empowerment to employees firms has able to increase motivation level of employees in long
period of time.
Enhanced efficiency of employees:- It is important to provide regular learning as well as
training programs to develop skills and abilities of people. This will facilitate to gain better
outcomes from staff members. Management of the company has analyse their employees need
and preferences and accordingly they provide work to them through this they are able to enhance
productivity of work in limited period of time.
TASK3
P3 a) Types of team in context of BBC
There are various kind of different aspects are necessary to be conducted in an
organisation. For this purpose, many of contrary divisions are set up in BBC so that necessary
targets can be done in organisation on regular basis (Bergeron and et. al., 2013). It is important
for these departments to work with mutual coordination because they are performing to complete
a single target of company. They have to build several effective as well as efficient teams who
are capable to perform with proper cooperation with each other to create correct results.
Functional team:- This kind of teams are generally prepared by managers of any
company to work properly for completing desired roles and responsibilities. These are necessary
to fulfil a common objective an enterprise. It is more essential to render roles as per field of
expertise of an individual so that they can work on it effectively and generate better results. BBC
have function team in their work place in order to run whole business activities in an effective
manner. This group members as work in differently but their goal has common so that at the end
they are achieve it effectively.
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Project team:- It may be considered as various projects having different size and
scenario which are usually given by clients. These projects must be completed by staff members
as per guideline provided by customers to render an appropriate service to them for gaining
satisfaction. Such targets also has specific deadline of time in which people have to complete it.
Management of BBC has work in different project so that they have separate team for each one
project. All group members has work together in order to achieve goals and objectives in given
time frame.
Virtual team:- This types of teams are generally established to work from different
location for attaining common goals. And they can communicate with superior or sub ordinates
through fax, em ails etc. It is beneficial in order to save time as well as cost of organisation. BBC
can not team this kind of team official but for particular purpose they can do the same in order to
gain effective outcome in limited period of time. So that BBC has achieve particular task
effectively which help to run business activities in appropriate manner.
Problem solving team:- There are various kind of issues and problems that may rise due
to several aspects like mismatch of idea and thoughts, miscommunication etc. which can
generate several difficulties (Bushra, Ahmad and Naveed, 2011). These issues must be sort out
by authorities of company because it will directly or indirectly impacts on outcomes BBC They
have to establish a special team which is efficient to identify and solve threats so that
productivity as well as profitability will not be affected by them. BBC has make problem solving
team and gather employees form each one of department which help to solve issues in an
effective ways. It should be made for a particular purpose and dissolve after completion of task
effectively.
P3 b) Effective teams development of BBC (Tuck-man and Jensen's model)
Every organisation had established various kind of teams and departments to fulfil
contrary desires through they can achieve suitable targets. It is important to organise such
sections but along with firms have to take care of proper development of these teams in better
way as per requirements. BBC have to observe and analyse needs of learning or training to
enhance skills and capabilities of employees to gain more growth in personal as well as
professional career. There are various effective models which can be implemented by companies
to improve efficiency of teams. Model followed by BBC is given below:
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Tuck-man and Jensen's theory model:- It includes several components that are
described below: Forming:- It can be defined as primary step of this model which indicates that leaders
and manager have to provide appropriate tasks and projects to employees as per their
field of expertise as well as efficiency. It is also necessary to solve each query of sub
ordinates of employees (Chiang and Hsieh, 2012). BBC has assign task according to
capabilities and skills of workers which help to form a team to competing particular task
effectively. Storming:- In this section, people communicate every aspect to colleagues as they have
to work with appropriate coordination and cooperation. Exchange of suggestions and
answers for doubts must be share between them before starting their work in correct
manner. Management of BBC has implementing strategies in order to spread effective
communication among all staff members which help to increase productivity of
employees. Norming:- This may involve the effective as well as efficient methods or techniques
through which staff members have to perform their assigned tasks to generate better
outcome along with given time period of its deadline. BBC has monitor their team
members in order to know their performance and issue which are came during project
work. Management of the company has implementing strategies to reduce or remove
problem and run whole business activities effectively. Performing:- This is exact that part in which employees are working on their allocated
project effectively so that they can create desirable outcomes (Gold and et. al., 2013). To
work properly, they need a healthy and peaceful environment without any disturbance to
perform in better way. Manager of BBC has analyse their staff members performance and
take appropriate action in order to enhance their presentation which help to achieve goals
and objectives.
 Transforming:- It may considered as last stage of this model in which employees wind
up their performance with fulfilling appropriate target. They have to attain that much task
to complete their regular desired profits. It is a most important activities where BBC has
transform workers skills and knowledge which help to produce high quality services as
well as profitability in long period of time. It is a management responsibilities to observe
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all employees performance after training period should be over so that improvement
level has been identified effectively.
The above mentioned model is effective to make teams developed to carrying out several
activities and procedures to gain better outcomes in BBC
TASK 4
P4 (a) Organisational concept/theory which affects the BBC's productivity
It current business environment, it is a essentials for organisation to organise training
program for employees in order to enhance their skills and knowledge that improve performance
as well as productivity. Through this events, firm are able to achieve their goals and objective in
limited period of time effectively. There are various tool or techniques which are used by BBC to
increase quality of product and service to gain higher profits as compare to before. These
theories are explain as follow:
Path-Goal theory: In this theory firm are focus on their goals and tale action related to
achieving aim in limited period of time. It is a base on manager as well as leaders working style
with in firm. They are observing team members and their subordinates working behaviour and
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develop strategies or plan in order to manage them effectively. Firm provide training to
employees to enhance skills, capabilities, knowledge, experience and many more. Through this,
employees performance and productivity are increase, resulted they have receive higher
customer's satisfaction as well as market share as compare to their competitors at market place
(Hildebrand, Sen and Bhattacharya, 2011). Management of BBC develop strategies and policies
and keep save interest of all staff members while working at work place thus rise fruitfulness of
work. When leader assign role or responsibilities to employees, they want to analysis their staff
members strength, weakness, capabilities, skills, experience etc. and accordingly provide task
(The Path-Goal Theory and Leadership Styles, 2018).
Behavioural organisation theory: Manager of BBC want to know their employee
behaviours traits, through this they know that whether individual may interest on this work or
not. This process save money, effort as well as time. There are so many conflict are rise during a
day, so that administration want to solve them effectively in order to completing task on given
time, otherwise it affect productivity of BBC in long period of time.
P4 (b) Main barriers that effect performance of BBC
There are various kind of barriers which affect BBC performance. Some are explain as
follow: Negative work environment- It is a management responsibilities to develop healthy, safe
and positive working environment with in an organisation which are boost employees
moral and presentation. Harassment and bullying- Workers feel harass at BBC that reduce their performance and
productivity which create negative impact on organisation profits at market place. UK
government make rule of harassment act in order to reduce labour harassment form work
place (Lee, L. and et. al., 2011).
 Discrimination- In BBC, discrimination on the basis of colour, caste, nation, age and
many more are executing, so that they reduce employees moral as well as self confidence.
That create negative impact on their performance in long period of time. UK government
make discrimination act and equality act to remove this issue form each and every
organisation and provide equal right to all labours.
General director of BBC has develop strategies to implementing change. That create
positive impact of their performance and BBC lead to highest position at market place in the year
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of 2015. Administration are executing all government policies which create positive impact on
firm and all employees are happy and perform their work with higher productivity.
CONCLUSION
From the above report it is concluded that organisation behaviour is very important for BBC
because they face various issues like unhappy and unsatisfied employees, devalued productivity,
less profits, low quality of service or product etc. Motivation is a one of the important tool to
enhance staff members presentation it help to achieve goals and objectives in specific period
time. For this, management used motivational theory to motivate subordinates. They organising
training in order to enhance skills and knowledge thus increase quality of product which rise
customer's satisfaction.
REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Alejandra Gonzalez-perez, M. and Leonard, L. eds., 2013. International business, sustainability
and corporate social responsibility. Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
Alfes, K. and et. al., 2013. The link between perceived human resource management practices,
engagement and employee behaviour: a moderated mediation model. The international
journal of human resource management. 24(2). pp.330-351.
Bergeron, D. M. and et. al., 2013. Organizational citizenship behavior and career outcomes: The
cost of being a good citizen. Journal of Management. 39(4). pp.958-984.
Bushra, F., Ahmad, U. and Naveed, A., 2011. Effect of transformational leadership on
employees' job satisfaction and organizational commitment in banking sector of Lahore
(Pakistan). International journal of Business and Social science. 2(18).
Chiang, C. F. and Hsieh, T. S., 2012. The impacts of perceived organizational support and
psychological empowerment on job performance: The mediating effects of
organizational citizenship behavior. International journal of hospitality management.
31(1). pp.180-190.
Gold, J. and et. al., 2013. Human resource development: Theory and practice. Palgrave
Macmillan.
Gulliford, M. and Morgan, M. eds., 2013. Access to health care. Routledge.
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Hildebrand, D., Sen, S. and Bhattacharya, C.B., 2011. Corporate social responsibility: a
corporate marketing perspective. European Journal of Marketing. 45(9/10). pp.1353-
1364.
Lee, L. and et. al., 2011. Entrepreneurial intentions: The influence of organizational and
individual factors. Journal of business venturing. 26(1). pp.124-136.
Martin, M. G. and Burke, R. J. eds., 2012. Corporate reputation: Managing opportunities and
threats. Gower Publishing, Ltd..
McEvily, B. and Tortoriello, M., 2011. Measuring trust in organisational research: Review and
recommendations. Journal of Trust Research. 1(1). pp.23-63.
Ng, T. W. and Feldman, D. C., 2012. Employee voice behavior: A meta‐analytic test of the
conservation of resources framework. Journal of Organizational Behavior. 33(2).
pp.216-234.
Punjaisri, K. and Wilson, A., 2011. Internal branding process: key mechanisms, outcomes and
moderating factors. European Journal of Marketing. 45(9/10). pp.1521-1537.
Solomon, M. R., Russell-Bennett, R. and Previte, J., 2013. Consumer behaviour: Buying,
having, being. Pearson Australia.
Tierney, P. and Farmer, S. M., 2011. Creative self-efficacy development and creative
performance over time. Journal of Applied Psychology. 96(2). p.277.
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