Physiological Principles

12: Physiological
Principles

Contents
L O1.................................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Outline the main anatomical features of the human body.....................................................1
1.2 Discuss how body systems interact to ensure the body functions and grow.........................1
L O2.................................................................................................................................................2
2.1 Explain how the body responds to everyday activities..........................................................2
2.2 Discuss how body responses are explained in cells, tissues and physiology........................3
2.3 Explain how the body coordinated its internal activities.......................................................4
L O3.................................................................................................................................................4
3.1 Explain the recording and use of routine measures in health and social care.......................4
3.2 Assess how routine measures provide information about body functioning.........................5
3.3 Examine how information about body functioning may inform care planning for
individuals....................................................................................................................................6
LO 4.................................................................................................................................................7
4.1 explain how age may affect body structure and functioning.................................................7
4.2 Assess the impact of common disorders on body functioning..............................................8
4.3 Relate the effects of common disorders and infections to the care routinely given to
individuals affected by them........................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10

L O1
1.1 Outline the main anatomical features of the human body
Humans have the main five organs which are really essential for the survival. The features
consist of brain, heart, kidneys, liver and lungs. Brain controls the majority of the functions in
body. It receives and send signal to the other parts of human body with the help of nervous
system. This part also consists of secreted hormones. There are various biological systems which
is been used in order to carry out the various functions. The main task of circulatory system is to
transfer blood and nutrients in the whole human body. The human digestive system has so many
organs which has been connected together and it also allows the body to break and absorb waste
so that the waste can be removed from the body (Schwaiberger and et.al., 2018). There are
various features of the human body and all the features and organs have different body functions.
All these functions performed by the human body is really important. The nervous and endocrine
system works together to maintain the homeostatic. It assists in secreting the hormones and also
help in regulating these activities. The nervous system is responsible for the coordination and
controlling of all the body parts. It has also been analysed that the muscular system provides
support to the body and helps in movement of the bones. The lymphatic system in body fights
with the disease and act as a defending mechanism. The nervous system is also responsible for
the thoughts and feelings which is been developed inside the human body.
1.2 Discuss how body systems interact to ensure the body functions and grow.
It has been analysed from the research that body functions interact with each other so that
they can grow (Boyles and et.al., 2019). The nervous system is being involved in maintaining all
the activities of body. The activities like this can be maintained by endocrine system by secreting
hormones. Both nervous and endocrine system functions together the organ systems supply body
cells with all the substances they need and eliminate their wastes. The cardio-vascular, urinary
and lymphatic functions also work together and it assists the body in controlling the water
balance. It has been analysed that cardiovascular and lymphatic system has been provided with
the transferring of fluids in the human body and also it assists in sensing both solute and water
levels which helps in regulating pressure. There are two systems in the human body which works
closely with one another it is respiratory and cardio-vascular system. In this the heart and blood
vessels remove the deoxygenated blood from and also transfer the oxygenated blood. The
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nervous and endocrine system also works together. They are both engaged in controlling the
movements during the time of rest and exercise. There are various physiological processes which
are been involved in controlling the movement. The nervous and endocrine system works
together to maintain the homeostatic. It assists in secreting the hormones and also help in
regulating these activities. It supports in eliminating the body waste.
L O2
2.1 Explain how the body responds to everyday activities
The body responds to everyday activities such as breathing, eating and physical activity.
When any individual eats, it has been analysed that the human body starts keeping insulin. It is
known as the hormone which can be used so that the blood sugar level be in control. It has also
been evaluated that insulin is created with the help of pancreas. The body when starts eating, the
more insulin is being released and it is being done in lieu of carbohydrates which are been
presented in the meal. When the body digests the carbohydrates they got into the blood streams
just as glucose so that the blood sugar level can be kept in control. The cells in the body can use
some of the glucose even for energy (Basile, Russo and Leone, 2018). It has been analysed that
the body responds in various ways when the physical activity is being done by the body. It has
been evaluated that exercise also assists in making the blood vessels and capillaries to expand.
This can help in maximising the volume of blood which is been pumped by the heart. The body
responds in positive way when engaged in doing the physical exercise. The strength of muscle is
also being increases this is how body respond when doing or engaging in doing the physical
exercise. The principle of filtration is being used by the kidneys. They have been engaged in
filtering out the waste particles from the human body. The principle of filtration in human body
assists in controlling the blood pressure which is most important in the human body. The red
blood cell count is also being kept under controlled when the function of filtration is being done.
Selective reabsorption is that procedure which consists of the molecules so that capillaries are
been filtered out and also the nitrogenous waste inside the body is been carried out. This function
is really essential in the human body and also the waste is being carried out through urea. These
are the defined ways in which the body relates to the day to day activities. It has also been
analysed that the human body is also been engaged in performing the gaseous exchange in lungs.
Carbon dioxide from the lungs and blood stream is been carried outside the human body. It is
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