Organization and Behaviour

This study material explores the concepts of organization cultures, structures, and their effects on performance. It also discusses different leadership styles and theories used in companies like GSK and Pfizer. The material provides insights into factors that affect individual behavior and their impact on the workplace. Suitable for students studying organization and behavior in business courses.

Organization and Behaviour

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
Task 1...............................................................................................................................................3
1.1 organisation cultures and structures 3
1.2 Effects of cultures and structures on organisation performance 4
1.3 factors affects individuals behaviour 5
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................7
2.1 Different leaderships style.....................................................................................................7
2.2 Organization Theory 7
2.3 Evaluation of Theory 8
Task 3...............................................................................................................................................9
3.1 Impact of leadership styles.....................................................................................................9
3.2 Motivational theory: ..............................................................................................................9
3.3 Usefulness of motivation theory..........................................................................................10
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................10
4.2 factors that affects teamwork...............................................................................................11
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................12
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................14
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INTRODUCTION
Organization behaviour defines firm internal management towards external environment. It is
the mixture of knowledge and skills that define how company's employees interact with each
other. GSK organisation behaviour is an example of good management strategy and motivation
approaches (Nguyen, 2014). It is one of leading healthcare company in Britain. This report
presents GSK Company's cultures environment and their working conditions. This reports also
focus on different types of motivation theory used by the company such as equity theory with
their usefulness and limitations. It also analyses different organisation cultures and their impact.
Company core values are integrity and respect for their patients.
TASK 1
1.1 organisation cultures and structures
Organisation cultures can be defined as values and behaviours that express how company's
management and employees interact and handle business issues. It involved values, beliefs,
management style, visions, norms, and systems of a company.
According to Charles Handy, there are four types of cultures in the business environment.
Power culture: In this type of culture organisation follow few rules and regulations. In these
systems decisions are taken by few people and employees are judged by their performance rather
than how they did things.
Role cultures: In this culture environment of the organization are highly controlled, and
employees know their roles and responsibility.
Task cultures: When in an organisation teams are formed to perform specific tasks or projects
and address specific problems or progress in projects that is called task cultures (Katan, 2014.)
Its mainly influenced by organisation's teams.
Person cultures: In person cultures organisation are fully depended on individuals. People
belongs with similar training and backgrounds. The power lies in individuals, not with the
organization. GSK is followed by similar cultures in the company. The company is very much
affected by individual's characteristics and behaviour.
Compare and contrast
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Structures: GSK followed hierarchical structures in which company powers flows from top to
bottom. GSK organisation structures in focus team work across functions whereas workers
within functional division tend to perform on the specific project. GSK projects are often taken
by teams from different disciples (Eriksson, and Hansson, 2013.). Cross-functional teams are
often working on projects. Company's research teams are fully empowered and focused on their
works. The company uses both theory X and Y in managing people. In Pfizer, company
structures are also similar to GSK. All decisions are taken senior management. In GSK Company
focused on teamwork but in Pfizer they focused more individuals' performance (Products, 2015).
The company uses centralised structures for the firm, but subsidiaries decentralised operational
structures.
Cultures: Cultures of GSK workplaces has the open environment. People working in a company
have common understandings and relationships with each other (GSK employees, 2015). The
company has very welcoming and make good communication with their workers. It offers
flexible working hours for their workers. GSK cultures are highly effected by individuals'
behaviour. Company's cultures focus on integrity, operating with transparency and respected for
employees and their working principles. Cultures of company build mutual respect for each other
and focus on continuous improvement. In Pfizer culture focuses on investment in people
(Coghlan and Brannick, 2014). The company focus on build environment so makes strong
relationships with their employees. In GSK company focus they focus on innovation but in
Pfizer focus on more development of individuals.
1.2 Effects of cultures and structures on organisation performance
Cultures and structures are two different concepts for a company but purposes are similar is
increasing the productivity of the company. In GSK has the flat hierarchical structure in the
company. These structures have numbers of layers that mean command flow from top to
bottom. The company uses this structures for completing their task with specialist skills.
GSK culture supports innovation (Zipf, 2016). It cultures represent integrity and openness in an
environment. Employees have freedom to work in their own way. Its culture promotes flexibility.
Creativity and they work with long term vision. Effects of cultures and structures on company's
performance are as follows.
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Evaluating employee’s performance: GSK structures help to the company to evaluating a
performance of individuals. The hierarchical structure of company allows to managers to
evaluate work of their employees (Grossberg, 2013.). Through this structure, managers can
evaluate individual’s skill and performance and according to their performance managers allot
work to their employees. Organisation cultures help to a company to provide better
communication and give freedom to their employees so they can enhance their skills.
Achieving goals: Structures provide the common goal to a company. In GSK company's
command flows from top to bottom. Every employee of the company meet their projects
deadlines through their team leaders who are in charge of delegating tasks (Coghlan, and
Brannick, 2014.). Company's structures provide team work for their employees. Cultures of the
company provide to individuals to completing tasks on time by using their own creativity this
help to company improves its performance by achieving its goals on time and gain customers
loyalty.
Provides better solution: Company's structures provide better management, and they adopt
changes according to market. The business environment is dynamics so consumer's needs,
government regulations and technology are always changed though this structures company
managers can solve any problem (Katan, 2014). Company cultures provide better
communication to their employees so they can easily outline problems and presents ideas to their
managers. By structures and cultures company can find the best solution for their problems.
Communication: organisation structures gives the appropriate channel of communication to their
employees (Slonje, Smith, and FriséN, 2013). It provides to employees how to communicate and
to whom. For example finance employees will discuss their problems with team leader and team
leader will discuss this problem with a department head. Through this structure of
communication, company can avoid useless information at the lower level.
Unity: A shared culture provides unity in a company. In GSK there are many employees who
belong to different backgrounds, cultures and traditions. Shared culture provides better
understandings and better communication (Stafford, and Miles, 2015.). This open
communication helps to solve conflicts in the company. Company structures provide common
goals employees, and they can easily work with each and work for the common goal.
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1.3 factors affects individuals behaviour
Individuals behaviour is can also affect the business of a company. A team is formed from the
different individual who belongs to different areas. All individuals have their own value, cultures
and, beliefs. In a company may be some conflicts rises because of a different perception of
employees towards a company. Individual's behaviour can also be affected by different factors
which are given below.
Personal factors: All employees who work in a company have some habits which may be
genetic in nature. If an employee in a company has a problematic personal life that leads
irrational behaviour at a workplace (Negus, 2013). Every employee of the company have their
own values and morals. Sometimes in company employees followed high morals which can
effect business of company if employees morals are different from company's ethics. Individual's
relationship status can also effect GSK workplace and can spoil the work cultures.
Demographic factors: It includes incomes, age and geographic region of employees. Income has
a great impact of individual behaviour in GSK. Employees who earn less income have less
money to spend (Mai, 2015.). Age can be considered as important demographic factors that
affect an individual's behaviour at work place. The relationship between age and job can effects
business as employees who are old in age are more conservative in nature and less adoptable of
changes. The performance of old people can be declined as they have less stamina as compare to
young people.
Psychological factors: It refers to thoughts, feeling, and attitude of human behaviour at a
workplace. This factors can influence decision-making ability of individuals. Feelings of
individuals can effect the performance of workplace (Eriksson, and Hansson, 2013). To prevent
from these factors, GSK provides they motivate their employees towards their work by offering
rewards and incentives to their employees. Company discussed individual's values and beliefs
and related to company's norms as well as structures so employees can more satisfaction from
their job and deliver better work to the company.
Environmental factors: It involves work cultures of a company. Employees feel comfortable at
the workplace if work culture of the company is positive (Nguyen, 2014). Company's rules and
regulations should be similar for everyone, and they should be encouraged to employees. In GSK
company keeps transparency at every level so no conflicts can take place between the company
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and its employees (Research, 2015). The company provides training to their employees so they
can upgrade their skills and employees' performance can be increasing, and they established
long-term relationships with their employees.
TASK 2
2.1 Different leaderships style
There are three main styles of leaderships in the company. Autocratic, democratic and laissez-
faire. The effectiveness of these leaderships styles in the company are as follows.
Autocratic leadership: In this leadership style company all decisions are taken by company's
management. In this leadership GSK employees can work without any pressures because of the
supervisor are around them every time (Matsson, and Dahlqvist, 2013). The effectiveness of
these approaches is that company's employees can provide better work without any burden. In
Pfizer company they apply this style, so employees provide better work according to company's
guidelines as all decisions are taken by the top level of management.
Laissez-faire leadership: This kind of leadership style offers minimum direction to their
employees. This approaches can be applied by the company when they have well-trained
employees and efficient directors who need less supervisor on their work (Grossberg, 2013).
GSK can apply this approaches for those employees who are working in the company from a
long time and well aware of company's cultures it provides better work culture for employees.
Democratic leaderships: This approaches focus on provides freedom to employees to use their
creativity and think innovative and also provide enough control on their employees without
imposing any restriction on their employees. GSK apply this approaches in its company. This
approach is foundations of all other management styles.
2.2 Organization theory
Only organisation cultures and structure is not only key success for a business of a company.
Company's management is also very important to run the business. GSK can apply theory
different theory in its management.
Theory X and Theory Y: It applies to that company where employees give averages
performance. This approaches have the assumption that average worker has no ambition and stay
away from all types of responsibilities in the company (Grossberg, 2013). GSK apply this
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approach on where employees perform repetitive work in the company. This management theory
helps the company improve their work consistency. Theory Y applies where employees of the
company are well trained and self-motivated. The company applies this management theory to
provide more innovation in their work. Through this theory company's employees take
responsibility and more dedicated towards their work.
Scientific theory: This theory focuses on improving workflows and labour productivity in the
company. This theory suggests the right person for right job. GSK apply this theory to its
employees who are part of research team so more innovation can be brought in company through
increasing employees' efficiency.
Human relation theory: This theory defines human relations with a company. This theory
focuses on human relations, motivation, and productivity of employees. This theory also focuses
on the satisfaction of employees need and their exceptions from their work (Zipf, 2016.). This
theory focuses on that every employee in the company is an individual's first so company should
treat them like the human. In GSK Company always focus on building the strong human
relationship with their employees and offers flexible working hours to their employees.
2.3 Evaluation of theory
Management theory helps to company to deliver extraordinary results. Company GSK also
focuses on different approaches to management to enhance its productivity and efficiencies. The
different theory of management used by the company and its competitors are as follows.
 Scientific theory focus on how to increases employees' productivity and efficiency of
workers in the company (Cummings and Worley, 2014). This theory applies at every
area of the company. The company focus is on innovation in their works. They hire the
best talent in the company and provides sufficient training to their employees. While its
competitors Pfizer company focus on research and development.
 Human relationships' theory focus on developing better relations with their employees.
GSK always focus on build strong and long term relations with its employees. The
company provides good ethical standards for their employees, so they communicate to
their managers on any issues.
 Theory X and Theory Y focus on two different aspects of the company. Theory x focuses
on repetitive work and excellence in their work (Coghlan and Brannick, 2014). This
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theory applies to that worker who perform average work in a company. Theory y focus
on giving freedom to their workers who achieves excellence in their work and less
motivation required. GSK apply theses theory on their employees so they can increase
productivity in their workers. While its competitors use this theory for the development
of employees.
TASK 3
3.1 Impact of leadership styles
Different leadership styles have a different impact on the company. The following are impacts
of leadership styles on GSK.
 Autocratic leadership helps to company's employees to motivate by providing better
guidelines to their employees. Employees of the company feel comfortable with their
works. Organization provides the better supervisor for their employees and guidelines so
conflicts can take place within the internal management of the company (Nohria and
Khurana, eds., 2013). Through these employees become aware of firm's practices and
develop more confidences about their work. GSK uses such leadership styles, so their
employees get aware about their work.
 Laissez-faire leadership approaches GSK create more confidence in employees. In this
approaches, company's employees need fewer guidelines for their workers. It is useful for
the company when they have well-trained employees (Kandel and et.al., 2013).
Organization uses such styles when employees need less direction regarding work.
Managers focus on employees' creativity and innovation. Through this approach,
managers maintain and create productivity in their existing employees.
 Democratic leaderships is used by management when they focus on more creativity with
enough control. GSK uses this approaches for their employees to develop their creativity
with fewer restrictions on employees, so workers develop their own thinking.
3.2 Motivational theory:
There are several types of theory that can apply by the company. Motivation is the best
techniques used by a company to motivate to their employees (Chun and et.al., 2013). Through
motivation, organization can enhance their employees' productivity at workplace and their
performance. The two types of theory used by GSK to motivated their employees.
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Equity theory: It focuses on providing fair treatment to each employee in an organization. GSK
uses this theory so they can provide better treatment to their workers. Equity is measured by
comparing contribution and benefits of employees (Negus, 2013). Employee efforts improve the
performance of company then managers need to give rewards. It also focuses on providing equal
wages to every person in the company. By using this theory, the corporation gives transparency
in their work and promote better workplace ethics.
Maslow's hierarchy of needs: This theory is based on psychological needs of humans.
According to this theory, employees have some psychological needs for regarding their jobs.
Every employee is individuals first (Stafford, and Miles, 2015). These needs are safety,
belonging, esteem and self-actualization. GSK understands those needs and tries to fulfil them by
providing better working conditions and set code of conduct for their employees.
3.3 Usefulness of motivation theory
Motivation is the good technique which aid not only employees but also increasing the
performance of company but it has certain limitations as well. Given below are some benefits
and limitations of a company.
 Equity at workplace means every worker receives fair treatment. In GSK they use this
theory to motivate their employees by providing transparency in their work. Managers
give equal opportunities to every employee, so they do not discourage by company's
practices (Cadenhead and Danielli, eds). Usefulness of this theory is that it bring
transparency in work and gain employees' loyalty. Limitations of this theory are that it is
impossible to check employees mind and find reasons of their dissatisfaction.
 Maslow provides useful guidelines for the company about humans needs. By fulfilling
those needs, the organization can provide better working conditions to their employees
(Katan, 2014.). Then major limitations of this theory is that needs are cannot be checked.
There is not appropriate methods to satisfy workers personal needs. Managers of the
company find difficulty in measuring employee's needs.
TASK 4
4.1 Nature of group and group behaviour
When two people or more than two people work together for common purposes and
mutually deepened on for their action and information is called group.
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There are two different types of groups in GSK formal and informal group.
Formal group: It is systematic in nature. Responsibilities are set different for different people
with a common goal to achieve its targets (Mai, 2015). Task group and example of the formal
group. In the company, there are many teams which work formally. In a functional division of an
organisation, they set targets and projects for employees. In GSK research projects is an example
of the formal group. In which people from different disciplines works for together common
purposes.
Informal group: It is different from the formal group. Whereas formally is more official in
informal nature group individual draw norms for themselves (Eriksson and Hansson, 2013).
There are norms and set standards for the informal group. In a formal group, they focus on
personal growth. There are some informal groups in an organisation. An example of such group
is labour union in the company which created to help workers in the company and try to solve
their issues.
4.2 factors that affects teamwork
Teams are always effected by different factors that are available in organisations environment.
Some factors are given below.
Team size: Team size has a great impact on the performance of teams. Through team
size, the company can ensure productivity in their works. More numbers of team members help
to team to provide better ideas, and more resources are available for a company (McGregor and
Doshi, 2015). More numbers of team members can create conflicts and decreases productivity in
the company. In GSK, they evaluate team size and their effectiveness among members.
Individual skills: Individuals skills can also affect teamwork in the business firm. In a company
where individual skills are more developed than group skills that it can affect the performance of
group (Nguyen, 2014). The group is not based on individual skills it is about teamwork.
Conflicts may rise between a team and their members regarding different behaviour. GSK focus
on this problem tries to solve a problem regarding teamwork.
Communication: Effective communication gives better working conditions at the workplace.
Communication help to employees solve any issues regarding their job (Heizer, Render, and
Munson,2016). In the drug manufacturing company, they offer open communication Chanel
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between employees and their manager, so they solve any issues regarding their working process
or business firms.
Leadership: Leadership gives direction to the team and their members. With the help of
leadership, workers get motivated and better performance to a company. Through effective
leaderships team can perform better. The company focuses on that giving provides good leaders
to teams which are working in a firm.
4.3 Impact of technology on team functioning in GSK
Technology are changing the functions of every company. Advancement in technology teams in
GSK updates themselves to work effectively. The impact of technology on GSK teams are as
follows.
Strong communication: Through technology, communications improved among group members
of GSK. Different group members can easily communicate with other even if they are not at
same places at same time.
Better organisation cultures: Technology brings better innovations and development in
company products (Cadenhead, and Danielli, eds., 2013). Open communication helps to build
strong relationships between employees and they provide better work to the company.
Management process: Technology helps to a company and their working teams to gaining
information about their customers through CRM software. It also makes easy for teams to doing
business online (Matsson, and Dahlqvist, 2013). It helps to company and teams because of
technology they can perform more efficiently short time and save costs.
Help to build strategies: Technology helps the team to make better business strategies for the
company.
Recent development in information technology helps to the company to bring more opportunities
for the company, and they can develop their products according to their customer's needs.
Increasing productivity: Technology helps to a company to increasing productivity. GSK uses
technology to their research and gaining information and build communication, which helps to
the company to save costs and time and productivity increases (Hao, and et.al., 2014).
Technology helps company to be competitive in business environment
Workplace: Technology creates flexibility at workplaces. Employees of the company can work
from anywhere (McGregor, and Doshi, 2015) Distance between different locations of the
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company has eliminated. Employees of the company can communicate with each other by using
the internet or make video calls.
CONCLUSION
Organization structures and cultures is the important part of its behaviour. Goods organisation
structures promote good quality in workplaces and improve team spirit among employees of the
business firm. Use of advance technology within business environment help the company to
modify it techniques so they can provide better work. In GSK company managers try to apply
different types of management theory and motivate their employees. It cultures provides
transparency among employees. It also provides the open communication channel between
employees and their managers so they can solve any issues. From the above report, it can be
concluded that organisation behaviour of GSK is good and provides better services internally and
externally. The company need to focus more information technology so they can make more
provides more innovative products. Through this company can attract more customers and retain
their relationship with them.
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[Accessed on 4th January 2017]
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