Role of Leader and Manager in Different Situational Context

This document examines the role of a leader and function of a manager in different situational contexts. It explores the application of theories and approaches, including situational, system, and contingency. The document discusses the impact of employee conflicts, turnover, and financial crisis on management and operations. It also introduces management models like Kurt Lewin's change management model and Maslow's hierarchy of needs.

4 MANAGEMENT AND
OPERATIONS

Table of Contents
P2 Examine how role of leader and function of manager apply in different situational context.
......................................................................................................................................................3
P3 Application of theories and approaches that inclusive of situational, system and
contingency..................................................................................................................................4
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................1

P2 Examine how role of leader and function of manager apply in different situational context.
Toyota is considered to the leading automotive and this entity needs to face different
situation in terms to undertake day to day operations. This is responsibility of leader and
manager to perform business functions and deal with situation in effective way. They both are
the authorities who needs to handled the situation and needs to undertake the measures that
brings smooth working conditions.
Therefore, the situation that may arise in the Toyota are defined as-:
Employee conflicts- This is termed out as the most common situation that affects the working of
the enterprise in huge aspect. Thus, conflict resolution is defined as daily occurrence at work that
can affect the working of the enterprise (Shen, Sha and Wu, 2020). This kind of situation can
occurs due to ineffective communication, different strategies that diffuse conflict situations etc.
Henceforth, any changes in the operations, policies, procedures can creates the atmosphere that
can lead to bring conflict within the enterprise. This kind of situation can leads towards to raise
grievances for managers, supervision and workers of the enterprise.
For example- If an entity come up strategy as changing in the working conditions without
submitting prior notice can leads to arise the situation that can produce conflict among the
workers. Therefore, this kind of the situation may results as to hampering the business working
and this highly impacts the performance of the organisation. The role of leader and manager
defined as-:
Manager- In order to cope up with this kind of situation, the manager to the enterprise is
responsible for undertake the meeting with the employees and their representative to build the
strategies and to take immediate action to deal with this situation.
Leader- They are the authorities who can handle the situation with help of understanding the
cause of problem. In this situation, leader to the enterprise needs to communicate the employees
with the issues to the management.
Employee turnover- This can be defined as situation in which employees of Toyota facing the
issues that becoming the cause for employees to resign and leaving the job. It is the situation that
can affect overall management and productivity of the enterprise (Galliers, Leidner and
Simeonova, 2020).

For example- Manufacturing unit of the enterprise is facing the issues of employees turnover
from sometime and this impacts the reduction in overall efficiency and profitability of enterprise
also get affected. This can happen due to situation as lack of hiring of employees and leads to
defects in the administration department of unit.
Manager- The managers to the enterprise needs to take the reasonable steps of hiring proper
skilled workforce and also needs to make the strategies to retain the employees. Therefore,
manger needs to offer the pay that can aids to attract the employee and they must give motivate
employee to perform their best. By allowing flexible work schedule to the employees the
enterprise can enhance their brand image.
Leader- They are the authorities who needs to talk with employees in calm manner. Thus,
leaders needs to communicate the employees issues to management. Therefore, leaders to the
enterprise needs to take the initiatives that can aids to keep employee engaged for long term.
With help of providing the educational opportunity to staff members can enhance the knowledge
and this can be more valuable assets to business.
Financial crisis- This is defined as most common situation that can arise at certain point of time.
The quoted enterprise needs to have adequate amount of funds to undertake day to day
operational activities (Eckhardt, Kaletka and Pelka, 2020). Henceforth, the up-gradation of
technical advancement is crucial to undertake business activities effectively.
For example- During the time of inflation the rate of prices of raw materials are rises this leads
to affects the cost of manufacturing. Managers and leaders needs to handle the situation
effective to cope with the current needs of market in crisis.
Manager- This is the authority that needs to perform the managerial function effectively by
looking over the expenses of the enterprise. He has to take the budget for different functional
areas and also needs to control the expenses to carry out business functions.
Leader- They needs to work as to encourage the employees to enhance the productivity that
assist to enhance the profitability. Therefore, leader needs to negotiate with suppliers to reduce
the prices of raw materials and undertake search for new suppliers across the nation. Henceforth,
creative and innovative ideas aids to promote and undertake marketing activities effectively.
P3 Application of theories and approaches that inclusive of situational, system and contingency.
The effective working condition within the enterprise can be possible with effective use
of theories and approaches to leadership and management. Additionally, leaders to the enterprise

must use the skills and traits effectively to undertake business functions appropriately.
Henceforth, the approaches and theories are defined as-:
System theory- It is an effective theory that needs to be applied in Toyota corporation to
develop the atmosphere that aids to undertake business performance effectively. The leaders in
the system theory has to adopt the autocratic style (Hoogeboom and Wilderom, 2020). It can be
one of the best approach that helps to accomplish the business demand within less time and
employees can full-fill the project within set deadline.
For example- If an enterprise use the system theory to carry out the better performance can
helps to build long term competitive advancement. Therefore, systematic theory aids to carry out
the process that leads to improve efficiency and effectiveness by use of optimum utilisation of
the resources.
Strength-
 This assist in identify the inefficiency within organisation and also provides way to
eliminate it.
 It leads to timely accomplish the job and also enhance the productivity of the employees.
Weakness-
 It is approach that can demotivate the employees as there is no involvement of employees
in decision making process.
Situational theory- It can also be defined as adaptive leadership style. This is strategy that
encourages leaders to take the stock of team members and choose the leadership style that fits in
the business goals and circumstances (Roschk and Hosseinpour, 2020).
Strength-
 This helps in providing the flexibility to leader in adaption of various style.
 It also aids to make healthier relationship between leaders and employees to accomplish
the goal within different situation.
Weakness-
 This do not leads to focus on leader on long term goals.
 It relies on telling rather than listening leader that affect the employee performance.
Contingency theory- This is defined as theory that claims that there is no best way that aids to
organize the corporation and also undertake firm to make decision. Therefore, contingency
theory put their focuses on particular situation components that impacts the working of

enterprise. This is theory that is suitable for leader in Toyota as this effectively handle the
changing situation within the enterprise in attending the efficiency as the best way it possible.
Strength-
 This helps in putting core emphasis on leadership style and situation at the same time.
 It also aids to accomplish the flexibility as there is no other theory that can be applied to
undertake course of action.
Weakness-
 This is termed out as to be complex approach and this has defects from lack of
creditability.
Management models- This aids to carry out the business performance that enhance the brand
image within the market. Therefore, these as are-:
Kurt Lewin's change management model- Change can be defined as the crucial part to the
growth of the business. Therefore, the three steps to this model termed out as-:
 Unfreeze- It is technique that aids to communicate to staff member that why the old
techniques is not useful and this is not improving the productivity level of the enterprise.
Thus, creating awareness and communicating is the first step that leads to start the
process of change.
 Change- This is the step that aids to enterprise to deal with the organisational changes.
With help of it, the entity can able to perform the business activities in effective and
efficient manner.
 Refreeze- It is defined as step that supports to improve the productivity level of the
enterprise.
Maslow's hierarchy of needs- It is defined as management that aids to full-fill all the needs.
Henceforth, these are termed out as-:
 Physiological- The basis need of the enterprise needs to be fulfilled. Herein, air, water,
food, shelter all are basic needs that are essential to basic human life. This enhance the
encouragement level of the employees.
 Safety- After this an employee thinks of the safety, maintaining law and order and this
also helps to ensure the security from getting free from fear.
 Love and belongingness- At this level, the employee thinks of the love and affection.

 Esteem- At this stage, the individuals start to need the achievement, mastery, autonomy
and self respect.
 Self actualisation- This stage an individuals tries to accomplish the potential that helps
to build and to perform the work that leave a legacy.

REFERENCES
Books and journals
Shen, J., Sha, Z. and Wu, Y.J., 2020. Enterprise Adaptive Marketing Capabilities and
Sustainable Innovation Performance: An Opportunity–Resource Integration
Perspective. Sustainability. 12(2). p.469.
Galliers, R.D., Leidner, D.E. and Simeonova, B., 2020. Strategic Information Management:
Theory and Practice.
Eckhardt, J., Kaletka, C. and Pelka, B., 2020. Monitoring inclusive urban development alongside
a human rights approach on participation opportunities. European Planning Studies. pp.1-
19.
Hoogeboom, M.A. and Wilderom, C.P., 2020. A complex adaptive systems approach to real-life
team interaction patterns, task context, information sharing, and effectiveness. Group &
Organization Management. 45(1). pp.3-42.
Roschk, H. and Hosseinpour, M., 2020. Pleasant Ambient Scents: A Meta-Analysis of Customer
Responses and Situational Contingencies. Journal of Marketing.
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