Research Methodology and Ethics in Business Studies

The provided document discusses the essential aspects of research methodology and ethics in business studies. It highlights the importance of random sampling techniques, thematic analysis for data examination, and consideration of ethical issues during research. The document also mentions time and funding as significant limitations researchers may face while conducting investigations.

Research Proposal

Table of Contents
TITLE: ............................................................................................................................................3
Introduction .....................................................................................................................................3
Overview of the Research .....................................................................................................3
Background of the Research ..................................................................................................3
Purpose of the Research ........................................................................................................4
Research Aim ........................................................................................................................4
Research Objectives ..............................................................................................................4
Research Questions ...............................................................................................................5
Literature Review ...........................................................................................................................6
Research Methodology ...................................................................................................................8
REFERENCES ...............................................................................................................................9

TITLE:
The implication of globalisation on increasing trade across borders of goods and services.
A Case Study on Marks and Spencer.
Introduction
Overview of the Research
Globalisation is considered as a wide process of interaction and integration among
people, companies and government around the globe. Now a day’s globalisation has drowned by
the effective advancement in transportation and communication technology. Globalisation has
led to greater than ever competition and an economic and financial shift from developing to
emerging economies. It promotes a sense of cultural awareness, international co-operation and
global economic inter-dependency (Apăvăloaie, 2014). Those multi-national organisations that
are successful have had to devise and customise new strategies for doing business in emerging
markets and implement new business models to stay ahead of the competition and provide high
competition to their rivals. In this particular report Marks and Spencer is the chosen organisation,
it is a British multinational company which deals in high quality clothing, home products and
luxury food items. The potential motive of the company is to be on top through capturing global
market and satisfying the needs and wants of people. Globalisation helps the firm in supporting
their business operations at global level by increasing culture awareness, international co-
operation and global economic inter-dependency.
Background of the Research
Globalisation is a crucial concept which plays vast role in developing the business
operations of an organisation at global level. Marks and Spencer is a large British multinational
retail company. The headquarter of the firm is in the city of Westminster, London. The company
is listed in London stock exchange and considered as a most reputed organisation with high
brand image. The company is mainly deals in clothing, home products and healthy food products
(Axelrod and VanDeveer, 2014). The company was established in the year of 1884 by Michal
Marks and Thomas Spencer. The company leads their business operation with the potential
efforts of Michal Marks and Thomas Spencer. The company is widely concern on developing the
business operations at global level in order to satisfying the needs and want of people at large
scale. The company is also focused on work on the strategy of globalisation which helps an

organisation in creating higher competitive edge by lower operating costs, and access to new raw
materials and new emerging markets. Along with this, multinational corporations can
manufacture, buy and sell goods worldwide. This creates value for Marks and Spencer in
increasing their profitability and performance at wide level.
Purpose of the Research
The research into consideration is based on the impact of globalisation on developing the
trade of goods and services across the global level. In this modern business environment
competition is so high at market place and organisations are widely concern on expanding their
business operations at international level in order to increasing the performance and profitability.
The major purpose for conducting the research is to creating a proper investigation on the
effectiveness of globalisation and its influence on supporting the business activities at global
level (Belás and et. al., 2014). Another purpose of this research is to enhancing the knowledge
base of learner in the specified area of study which helps them ii attaining their future goals in
effective manner. This also helps an individual in attempting an investigation on the similar area
of study. Along with this, the research helps in exploring the knowledge base of people about the
aspects of globalisation.
Research Aim
This is the most essential components which are associated with research extends as
every one of the exercises which are engaged with research are involved with examining the
fundamental points of research. This is significant factors as they are offering direction to the
investigator with the end goal to do all their business activities in right ways accordingly
accomplishing development and advancement. The essential aim of this research is “To analyse
the implication of globalisation on increasing trade across borders of goods and services”. A
Case Study on Marks and Spencer.
Research Objectives
The research targets are reflected as the most profitable results of the undertaking that are
useful for researcher with the end goal to create proposals and recommendations by investigating
the entire circumstance. This can be accomplished if the significant segments are connected with
the aim of the task. The principle objectives of research are assessed underneath as:
 To study the concept of Globalisation in increasing the performance of an organisation.

 To identify the importance of globalisation in increasing trade of Marks and Spencer at
global level.
 To determine the challenges that is faced by Marks and Spencer while operating at
international level.
Research Questions
The present research depends on assessing adequacy of current advancements with the end
goal to improve global presence of an organisation (Cohen and Kietzmann, 2014). This part of
the research is widely interconnected with the objectives of the research and develops a potential
way to carry out theoretical frame in effective manner. The exploration contains questions which
are set up based on the foreordained targets which are profitable with the end goal to distinguish
the solid focuses which are favourable with the end goal to complete research exercises right
way. The primary research questions are depicted beneath as:
 What is the concept of Globalisation in increasing the performance of an organisation?
 What are the major importance of globalisation in increasing trade of Marks and Spencer
at global level? Which challenges are faced by Marks and Spencer while operating at international level?

Literature Review
This is one of the most important parts of the research projects. It is very useful in order to
carry out all the elements of research in planned ways thus results can be effective. The data
which is gathered is applied by the researcher in order to do in depth analysis by collecting data
with the help of secondary sources. This is the most vital factors of research which is linked with
research person so he can move towards the right path by collecting data and information from
various sources which are available in the economy. In this part decisions have been carried out
by analysing the views which are given by investigators and authors.
The concept of Globalisation in increasing the performance of an organisation.
As per the views expressed by John Williamson, 2018, Globalisation is refers as a crucial
term which is used to determine the aspects of increasing social, economic and political
interaction and interrelation around the cultural and political boundaries. It also considered as a
process of life intensification of economic, political, social and cultural relations around the
international boundaries. In this modern business environment competition is so high at market
place and the major concern on a small as well as large business enterprises is to enhancing their
performance by offering variety of products and services to their significant customers in order
to expanding their business at global level (Belás and et. al., 2015). As a large business
enterprises the major concern on Marks and Spencer is to enhance their market reach with the
help of international trade in respect to attaining higher growth and success at market place. this
also create value in developing the profitability and performance of the firm at market place.
high performance helps an organisation to reach at competitive position.
The major importance of globalisation in increasing trade of Marks and Spencer at global
level.
According to the opinion of Mohammed Julfekar Haider, 2010, Globalisation gives a new
profit to an individual economies across the globe through making markets more effective,
developing competition. Globalisation has various importance in which some are described as
below:
Proper use of Resource: Globalization assist to expansion of markets and this enable Marks
and Spencer to create appropriate use of available resources.
Multiple Choice: Now a day’s countries are not self sufficient and they are based on each other
in respect to satisfying their needs and wants with the help of international trade. Globalisation

has plays vast role in resolving the issue and people can have better choices to fulfilling thr
requirement of people.
Foreign Exchange: Globalization motivates exports and de-motivates imports. This help to earn
foreign exchange (Carneiro and Brenes, 2014).
Create Employment: Globalization helps to provide employment to a large number of people in
a country. Multinational organisations such as Marks and Spencer plays effective role in
developing the economic condition of a country through enhancing opportunities for people.
The challenges are faced by Marks and Spencer while operating at international level.
According to the views of Nicole LaMarco, 2018, the globalisation is a wide concept,
which significantly plays effective role in developing the economic condition of a country. As a
large business organisation the major motive of Marks and Spencer is to capture a wide area of
international market in respect to developing high competition to their rivals. There are various
challenges which are faced by Marks and Spencer while conducting their business operations at
global level, in which some are describing as under:
Understanding of culture and language: This considered to be the major concern which
requires to be considered by an organization while operating at global level. Organisation needs
to hire employees who are having appropriate skills and knowledge about the different culture
and languages in respect to conducting the business at different geographical level (Cavusgil and
Knight, 2015).
The legal Landscape: As long as the operations of business crosses borders, different issues like
to laws, tax rules, and numerous regulations has impact the internal trade. It doesn’t matter
whether an organisation running an online store or are a large multinational corporation. This
compliance is challenging in the sense that it changes from country to country and requires for
Marks and Spencer to keep up with different jurisdictions in order to ensure the business is
always operating within the law.

Research Methodology
Research methodology is considered as an essential part of an investigation work. It
provides systematic, theoretical analysis of the methods that are applied to a field of study. The
present exploration work is based on the analysis of the implication of globalisation on
increasing trade across borders of goods and services. The major purpose of each small as well
as large business enterprises is to attaining higher growth and success at market place in respect
to reaching at higher competitive edge.
Research type: In the present research work qualitative research method has been used
by the researcher as to providing appropriate theoretical support to the investigation. Qualitative
research is effective because it helps in accumulating appropriate information for completion of
the work in appropriate manner.
Research approach: Various ways are there which can be used by researcher to
complete the research in right manner. Inductive and deductive are the two main approaches
which can be used by researcher. Inductive research approach is used in this research as this help
investigator in complete investigation in appropriate manner and help in utilise ideas to gather
data.
Research philosophy: This is known as one of the most important part of every research.
Pragmatist and positivist are two type of research philosophy. Pragmatist research philosophy is
used in present research as it helps in get more reliable and valid results. Mainly, it is used to
identify better solution of an issues with help of different theories.
Data collection: Primary as well as secondary source of data collection has been applied by
the researcher for the purpose of collecting relevant and reliable information. Primary source is
effective in conducting survey in which data has been gathered through preparing questionnaire
and on the other side secondary source is effective in conducting the part of literature review in
which data has been accumulated through secondary sources like books, journals, online sites
etc.
Sampling: Sampling is known as the process of selecting respondents who help in get the
answer of questionnaire. Two most popular approaches of sampling are random sampling and
non-random sampling. Under random sampling sample is choose randomly, on the other hand, in
non-random sampling respondents are select through convenience approach. Random sampling
techniques is used in this research.

Data analysis: This is known as one of the most important part of every research. In this
researcher examine the data collected in order to communicate the findings to target audience.
Thematic analysis is used in this research for examine data.
Ethical consideration: While carry out research, it is very essential for researcher to
consider the ethical consideration. Actions and decisions taken by the researcher should not harm
the sentiments and emotions of individuals involve in research. Questions of questionnaire
should not harm the sentiments of individual.
Research limitations: Research face various issues while carry out research. Time is one of
the major limitation or issue face by investigator while complete the investigation. Further funds
given to investigator is also another limitation.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Apăvăloaie, E. I., 2014. The impact of the internet on the business environment. Procedia
Economics and finance. 15. pp.951-958.
Axelrod, R. S. and VanDeveer, S. D. eds., 2014. The global environment: institutions, law, and
policy. CQ Press.
Belás, J. and et. al., 2014. Significant attributes of the business environment in small and
meduim-sized enterprises. Economics & Sociology. 7(3). p.22.
Belás, J. and et. al., 2015. The business environment of small and medium-sized enterprises in
selected regions of the Czech Republic and Slovakia. E+ M Ekonomie a Management.
(1). p.95.
Carneiro, J. and Brenes, E. R., 2014. Latin American firms competing in the global
economy. Journal of Business Research. 67(5). pp.831-836.
Cavusgil, S. T. and Knight, G., 2015. The born global firm: An entrepreneurial and capabilities
perspective on early and rapid internationalization. Journal of International Business
Studies. 46(1). pp.3-16.
Cohen, B. and Kietzmann, J., 2014. Ride on! Mobility business models for the sharing
economy. Organization & Environment. 27(3). pp.279-296.
Online
LcMarco, N., 2018. Challenges of Operating a Business in a Global Economy. 2018. [Online].
Available through :< https://smallbusiness.chron.com/challenges-operating-business-
global-economy-75865.html>.
Haider M, J., 2010. Importance of Globalization. 2018. [Online]. Available through
:<https://www.indiastudychannel.com/resources/127540-Importance-
Globalization.aspx>.
Williamsom, J., 2018. Globalisation a Concept. 2018. [Online]. Available through
:<https://piie.com/commentary/speeches-papers/globalization-concept-causes-and-
consequences>.