Reducing Abortion Ratio through Self-Awareness Programme

This project aims to reduce the rate of abortion by implementing a self-awareness programme. It focuses on reducing the risk and vulnerabilities related to abortion and improving the quality of life for patients. The project also aims to manage the economic burden, mortality, and morbidity of abortion. Find out more about the project plan, objectives, and justification.

ABORTION

Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
Aim..............................................................................................................................................3
Objective......................................................................................................................................3
Justification..................................................................................................................................4
Statement of intention..................................................................................................................5
Background..................................................................................................................................5
LITERATURE REVIEW................................................................................................................6
Abortion.......................................................................................................................................6
Reducing risk related to abortion through self-awareness programme.......................................9
Long term complications and management...............................................................................10
PROJECT PLAN...........................................................................................................................10
Budget........................................................................................................................................10
Project plan................................................................................................................................10
Gantt Chart.................................................................................................................................11
Project Risk................................................................................................................................11
Opportunities.............................................................................................................................13
DISCUSSION................................................................................................................................13
Leadership approach..................................................................................................................13
Force field analysis....................................................................................................................17
PROJECT OUTCOME AND SUCCESS EVALUATION...........................................................18
REFLECTION...............................................................................................................................20
RECOMMENDATION.................................................................................................................21
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................21
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................23

APPENDIX 1...................................................................................................................................1
APPENDIX 2...................................................................................................................................2
APPENDIX 3...................................................................................................................................3

INTRODUCTION
Successful healthcare leaders need clinical skills, business competencies, and interpersonal
or soft skills to guide their organizations to success. They need to be engaged in building team of
effective talent and skills. Health care leader needs to get engaged in delegating work so that
capabilities of employees get increased. This will assist them in achieving their goals and
objectives. Leadership can be defined as the ability to influence people with their personal
attributes in order to achieve personal goals. It has been analysed that leaders can act differently
in similar situation. They need to be flexible enough so that they can brought effective solutions
to the problems (Johansson and et.al., 2019). Moreover, it has been analysed that different
leaders have different styles which can be needed in various situations. It has also been evaluated
that health care leaders needs to have perfect decision making skills so that problems can be
solved easily. They also need to be honest, empathetic and patient with their service users in
order to enhance health outcome of them. This will assist them in improvising their quality of
service. They also need to make use of more innovation and creativeness so that improvement in
services in clinical care setting took place. Issue which will be discussed in the report is how to
stop or decrease the abortion ratio. This project is based on service innovation and improvement.
It will provide with the potential to impact upon service delivery, affect clinical commissioning
or change in leadership practices. Present report will lay emphasis on critical awareness of the
role of leadership and management in contemporary and global health service. It will articulate a
high level of comprehension of the theories and models of leadership and management.
Assignment will also Demonstrate critical awareness of how leadership and management
influences individuals, teams and organisational performance.
Aim
The aim of the is project is to reduce the rate of abortion by implementing a self-awareness
programme. It also deals with reducing the risk and vulnerabilities related to abortion. The
project also aims at improving the quality of life by providing relieve to symptoms and
promoting regular monitoring related to abortion so that health complications can be prevented
by delivering timely intervention.
Objective
 To reduce the abortion ratio by implementing self-awareness programme

 To enhance the health outcomes and productivity of life of patients facing the risk related
abortion.
 To manage the risk and vulnerabilities related to unsafe abortion.
 To lower the economic burden, mortality and morbidity of abortion.
Justification
Abortion is basically a stage where pregnancy in women ends up by removing or expulsing
embryo before it services outside the uterus. Women who faces abortion without any treatment is
known as miscarriage. Abortion can cause severe impact on health outcomes of women. It can
reduce their quality of life. They can face many diseases in future making them weaker. It has
been analysed that women who go from abortion can face stress and also can go through a
situation of depression. If they had miscarriages, they are more prone to suffer from anxiety and
depression. It has been evaluated that females who have abortions are psychologically
traumatized for several months.
Rate of abortion is being increasing day by day. This can be because of reason that females
are unaware about the various contraceptive which can be taken by them in order to reduce the
risk related to abortion. It has been analysed that in UK abortion rate for women aged for 35 is
3.2 per 1000 (Malosso and et.al., 2017). There has been an increased in 4% from the previous
year. It has been evaluated that women are facing abortion because the contraceptive being taken
by them has failed. Most of the females also go through problem of unplanned pregnancy which
is one of the factor in rise of ratio related to abortion.
The lack of awareness related to contraceptive taken while engaging in intercourse is one
of the major reason behind increase in abortion ration. It has been analysed that health care
leaders must be engaged in providing women knowledge about the risk and vulnerabilities
related to women. This will assist them in managing cases of abortion and also reduce ratio of
miscarriage in state. Clinicians can make females aware about the contraceptive which can be
taken by them in order to avoid unsafe abortion or situation of miscarriage. Women can take
abortion pill which works by blocking the hormone progesterone. This medicine will assist
female in breaking out the lining of uterus so that pregnancy does not continue.
Managing abortion requires a team of professionals, so in order to overcome this problem
in females, multi-disciplinary team will be engaged in doing collaborative working for successful
implementation of self-awareness programme. This programme will assist them in providing

education to women about contraceptive taken for unwanted pregnancy. They will also make
them aware about ill effects of abortion on their health and how it is illegal to been engaged in
doing abortion. It has been analysed that one of the major role in reducing abortion ratio is of
leadership. It will help health care professionals in improvising the quality of service that has
been provided by them.
Statement of intention
The main aim of this project is to reduce abortion ratio through self-awareness programme.
In this health care leaders will be engaged in adopting various leadership approaches to
overcome the challenges face by them (Dastgiri and et.al., 2017). The project also aims at
improvising awareness and knowledge among women so that they do not face risk or
vulnerabilities related to abortion. Health acre professionals will be engaged in improvising
quality of life of females of going through abortion by providing them with acute and chronic
care.
Background
Abortion is the situation in which women’s pregnancy ends up. It can lay severe impact on
health outcome of women and can also lay negative impact on quality of life related to females.
Women who are go through miscarriage can face severe complications that can make them
weak. There are various side-effects attached with abortion whether it has happened through
surgery or by making use of pills. Consequences can include pain in abdominal, nauseam,
allergic, vomiting, Diarrhoea. It also carries risk of serious of complications that includes
excessive bleeding, damage to internal body parts, infection. It has been analysed that
miscarriages faced by women also have emotional and psychological impact. Women can face
post-traumatic stress disorder. Possible signs and symptoms which can be seen in females
include eating disorders, loss of appetite, suicidal tendencies, alcohol and drug abuse. It has also
been analysed that abortion can lay impact on future pregnancy.
Often surgical abortion can lead reducing the expecting capabilities of women. There has
been a raising tendencies of abortion in females affecting negatively their quality of life. So in
order to overcome from this health care professional must be engaged in making women aware
about the possible contraceptive which can be taken by them. This will assist them in
improvising health outcomes of women and can also help females in giving protection to
traumatizing situation which can be faced by them after abortion. In order to complete the

following project different groups of women who have recently gone through abortion. In this
health care leaders will be engaged in making women aware about the ill effects of abortion so
that abortion ratio can be reduced.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Abortion
As per the view of Goldbeck-Wood and et.al., (2018) abortion is the process of taking
suitable medical action to end the pregnancy. Many times ladies terminate their pregnancy as
they do not want to give birth to child due to some family or personal reasons. Department of
health and social care has published some data related to abortions in England and Wales.
According to its report in the year 2018 around 191555 abortion cases were found in England
and around 9053 cases were found in Wales. In the year 2013 there were 190800 abortions occur
in England and Wales which was 0.2% less than previous year. Uzoigwe, (2017) stated that
government of UK has taken abortion as serious issue hence made many laws to reduce number
of illegal abortions in country. If someone wants to terminate their pregnancy, then there is
needed that pregnancy is not crossed 24 weeks’ time duration.

Figure 1Abortion rate in country
(Source: What are the UK’s laws on abortion, 2019)
According to Unnithan and Dubuc, (2018) abortion is the serious concern because it affects
health condition of women badly. One of the major risk associated with abortion is that it infects
the womb of lady. Many times girls take pills or go through from surgical abortion process that
affects the womb of person. Many times elements of pregnancy remain in womb that creates
consequences for the lady in future. Individual go through from excessive bleeding which makes
the lady weaker. In many abortion cases lady requires blood transfusion. 1 in 100 surgical
abortions cervix of women get injured and lady feels sever pain in womb. If the person has made
abortions many times, then it is dangerous for the individual because it has direct effect over
fertility ratio. Many time girl fails to conceive the baby hence future pregnancies risk get
increases. During the abortion if there is womb inflection occur and lady ignores the symptom

then inflection may spread to fallopian tubes and due to which person may get suffer from Pelvic
inflammatory disease (PID).
Uzoigwe, (2017) argued that over a period of time thee is decreasing rate of abortion among
the ladies that are under 18 age but abortion rate among women above 35 year is increasing. 26%
abortion were done in hospitals approved by NHS whereas around 72% cases occurred in
independent place. As per the view of Goldbeck-Wood and et.al., (2018) one of the major reason
of abortion is genetic issues. Many times lady has bad biological history that creates problem in
holding child hence it results into abortion. If mother is going through some physical problems
then also couple prefer to terminate that child because there are high chances that new baby also
take birth with the same illness, Uterine abnormalities is another cause of abortion. Poor diet and
having lifestyle of taking drugs make the womb of lady weaker (What are the UK’s laws on
abortion, 2019.). Due to which person fail to hold that child into their womb that results in
abortion.

Reducing risk related to abortion through self-awareness programme
As per the view of Polis and et.al., (2017) abortion is the major issue which is affecting
health condition of women badly. Government is working to make people aware with the
negative health outcome. Authorities of UK have taken serious action to provide funds to the
state and federal level government to organise such campaigns where people can get aware with
unintended pregnancy. Through such kind of programs authorities can spread awareness related
to precaution from unwanted pregnancy and how these things can create issue to them. These
programs are helpful in reducing number of abortion cases in United Kingdom. World health
organisation has organised special program in which people are getting trained for human
reproduction, if they have adequate knowledge about the unsafe abortion then it will help them in
reducing number of cases. Prada and et.al., (2016 ) stated that many legal guidelines are prepared
that ensure that people get to know that practices of terminating child birth is illegal activity and
there should be systematic procedure to abbot the child. Female candidate can only take decision
of abortion when there is any kind of complications in pregnancy. NHS has organised many
campaigns to enhance awareness of legal rules for abortion kind of activities.
As per the view of Flaherty, (2018) The main aim of this self-awareness programme which
has been started by the government of UK is to increase the awareness among people regarding
the side effects of abortion and to make it a global issue in order to reduce ratio of abortion
within UK. According to the report of 2018, the total number of abortion which were being
outlined in England as well as Wales was around 205, 295. In the following year, rate of the
abortion was reported to be highest among the girls of age 21 and out of these 81% females were
single. This figure suddenly took a drastic turn in 2019 and in the same year, the cases of
abortion were found to be around 387676 in the various cities and states of UK. This shows that
abortion became the major issue in 2018 and thus have increased in the 2019. It is expected to
rise in the future to more than 45.7%. Thus, in order to reduce this ratio and minimize it to a
great extent government came up with the new self-awareness programme. The major benefit
and important of this programme is that it will make people aware especially females about the
various health effects of unintended pregnancy as well as abortion. This programme will mainly
provide a thorough education to the females of the unprivileged area who do not have knowledge

about the abortion. Along with this, the programme will also target the girls who got pregnant at
very young age and takes the decision to abort child under the pressure of society. Proving a
thorough education will give them an understanding about the impact of abortion on their own
health and how it can be fatal in the future.
In accordance with Jargin, (2016) Along with this, the self-awareness programme will
also provide various medications as well as effective treatment to the girls who have undergone
abortion and are suffering from various diseases as a consequence of this. This is the another
major objective of carrying out this self-awareness programme by government. This programme
will help to provide effective treatment to the girls as well as females post abortion and will also
help to spread the awareness among them for future. The programme is intended to reduce the
risk of abortion as well as its ratio by providing the proper assistance and support to the females
and helping them to survive through the tough times. In addition to spreading awareness against
abortion, this programme will also provide a psychological counsellor to the girls and females
for giving proper counselling to them and helping them to overcome the problem of abortion.
Along with this, the programme will help the females and girls by providing effective medication
and advise on the unintended pregnancy and encouraging them to talk about it in public and
stepping out of this taboo. Most of the girls feels intimidated to talk about unintended
pregnancies in public as it is considered taboo in the society thus this programme will help to
encourage them by letting them know that it is not a crime and will provide proper medication
and treatment to overcome this pregnancy.
Long term complications and management
As per the Malosso and et.al., (2017) the effects of abortion can have the long-term implications
which is considered to be the part of both physically and at emotional level. so, it is important for
females and women to have the clear understanding in relation to clear complication wand
possible level of risk factor. On the other the Goldbeck-Wood and et.al., (2018) contradicts that’s
women are facing the dangerous signs of emotion traumas which is more significant have the
developments of postpartum depressions. The author also stated that’s Postpartum depression is
a risk any time a pregnancy ends, at any stage and no matter how. The body can respond by
becoming deeply depressed as pregnancy hormones rapidly fall.

According to the views of Uzoigwe, (2017) , managements should have to organisation of
various level of campaigns where people can get aware with unintended pregnancy. Through
such kind of programs authorities can spread awareness related to precaution from unwanted
pregnancy and how these things can create issue to them. The author also supports that’s the
managements of health care departments have to face various challenges Like for example
abortion ratio is increasing as one of the major reasons is unsafe abortion. So, the management
should make the women to have the As per the long-term implications, the identification of the
lone term risk is in amble of second times the level of infertility. As per the support of research it
has been understanding in realisation to the effects which have allowances to women to have the
proper make which are related to unformed choices. reviewed that’s physical sequelae of
abortion were no different than those found in women who carried pregnancy to term or who had
never been pregnant. The author also added that’s the choice of method of respective level of
abortions have the effective level of efforts over the upcoming or futuristic level of risk over the
reproductive health potentials.
On the other hand, as per the view point of Prada and et.al., (2016), managements have been
proper level of evaluating the health care system that provides effective team work can enhance
quality of patient care and can also provide them with safety. This is really helpful for women
who are going through unsafe abortion. Managements is trying to have appropriate level of
improvements in order to improve leadership skills and qualities training can be given to leaders.
As it is a major challenge which is being faced by the health care leaders to have the proper
engaged in realising their own, values and principles. On the other hand, as per the various
researcher us has been concluded that’s there is long term of effects of artesian which is
considered to be difficult level of task. In addition to that women have to face regret, remorse,
or shame may cause women not to disclose having made such a decision (abortion) when queried
about their reproductive histories. This also have the clear indication that women used to faces
the major difficulty decisions in order to have respective understanding in order to continue of
terminate level of pregnancy.
On the other the Flaherty, (2018), contradict in more to have better level of assessment of
management as NHS has major level of changes in the development of management by
improvising and working on quality of care which is being provided to women who are in period
of post abortion time. In the energise of excellence care programme health care leaders are

expected to motivate nurses, multidisciplinary team in improvising care given to their patients
and re-enforcing strategies again so that goals and objectives of them can be achieved. The
author also discussed in addition to that the particular level of excellence will have increase in
level of women awareness regarding the development and advancement of modern
contraceptives that will be helpful in assisting for reducing abortion rates. This can also assist
them in addressing low number of appointments in clinical care setting related to abortion.
At last as per the review of the Malosso and et.al., (2017)., It has been stated that NHS is
engaged in working towards most innovative and creative changes so that patients’ needs can be
fulfilled. They are providing quality of health care services. The author also stated that they are
trying to have the making use of effective communication so that understanding in realisation to
the effects which have allowances to women to have the proper make which are related to
unformed choices. Like initiatives and changes in leadership can assist them with improvising
inpatient care or outcomes related to organization when they are applied in the health care
setting.
PROJECT PLAN
Budget
It has been analysed that collection of data and implementation of various management strategies
will require high amount of cost and expenses. Also amount will be needed for doing
promotional events which is really useful in making women aware about the ill effects of
abortion. The Budget that has been decided for this £2000.
Project plan
In order to perfectly implement the plan related to self-awareness program, plan-do-act-
study method has been used. Stages includes the following;
Plan: In this plan will be made related to implementation of management strategies and
policies related to project. In this how participants will be managed by them will also be
analysed.
Do: In this phase activities are being effectively implemented. Also issues are being
analysed in this part so that leaders are able to solve and overcome it.
Study: In this step all the changes are effectively being analysed so that there is no gap in
services provided by leaders.

Act: In this step various leadership approaches are being used so that abortion rate can be
reduced. It has assisted leaders in enhancing their quality of services.
Gantt Chart
Project task Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Week 7
Planning
related to
project
Recruitment of
team
Review of
Literature
Session of
training
Implementation
Evaluation of
performance
Project Risk
There is various risk which is involved in implementing the project. In this both
organizational and project associated risk can affect the quality of programme. Major risk factor
affecting the programme are as follows:
Risk Category Management
Problem related to
communication
High risk For successful
implementation of program,
it is really necessary that
health care leaders are
engaged in making use of
effective communication
methods, so that challenges

can be overcome by them.
Increase in expenses Moderate risk In this leaders needs to be
engaged in reviewing the
policies and guidelines
related to project
implemented by them.
No proper understanding of
wants of service user
Low risk Effective communication can
be used by health care
professionals in order to
analyses the needs and wants
of patients (Chae and et.al.,
2017).
Lack of leadership skills and
qualities in health care
leaders
Moderate risk In order to improve
leadership skills and qualities
training can be given to
leaders. This will assist them
in successful implementation
of project.
It is really necessary for leaders to make women know about the interventions taken by them to
improve their health outcome. Thus, it is really necessary for the leaders to effectively convey
project aims and outcomes so that no confusion exist between any of team member. Also project
will be able to be completed on timely basis without any delay. If leaders poorly manage the
implemented project, outcome can be devastating so it advised to make use of effective
leadership approaches.
Opportunities
This project will be helpful to both patients and health care professionals. It will help in
increasing the knowledge and awareness among women about the ill effects of abortion on their
health. It will also assist health care professionals in reducing the ratio of abortion. This project
will also assist clinicians in improvising health outcome of individuals who has recently gone
through the process of abortion (Quast, Gonzalez and Ziemba, 2017). Women will be able to

know about the various contraceptive which can be taken by them in order to reduce chances of
abortion and prevent unplanned pregnancy. This project will also be helpful to women in
protecting them from post-traumatic syndromes of abortion.
DISCUSSION
Leadership approach
Critical awareness of the role of leadership and management in contemporary and global
health services is really important in order to reduce the abortion ratio. There are various
leadership challenges which can be faced during while implementing self-awareness program.
As a leader I am working towards how to stop or decrease the ratio of abortion in females. So in
order to improve this condition health care leader will be engaged in bringing out the innovative
aspects in order to overcome from this problem. There are various challenges that is being faced
by health care leader in clinical care settings. Like for example abortion ratio is increasing as one
of the major reason is unsafe abortion. This can be prevented by providing sexual education to
females, they can also motivate them to prevent unintended pregnancy through use of effective
contraception including emergency contraception. It is a major challenge that health care leaders
can face so they must be engaged in realising their own, values and principles. It is really
important for leaders to perform value based leadership in sustaining a culture of caring. A
concern being raised by some political analysts is that fundamental values of caring are being
significantly challenged by current economic and political influences that are essentially
reshaping the landscape of healthcare in this country. From the research it has been analysed that
approximately in year 2010-2014 25 million women have gone through unsafe abortions. It has
also been analysed that millions of abortions were being performed by untrained persons, so it is
really a challenge for health care leader.
So in order to improve this scenario health care leader needs to get engaged in
developing right set of skill and expertise so that they can improve conditions of females who are
going through abortion. This set will also assist them in reducing ratio of abortion. Leaders must
be engaged in developing themselves professionally and also considering value in their daily
leadership activities (Mo and Zeng, 2020). The Francis Inquiry theory can also be adopted by
leaders. It analysed that leaders in clinical care setting needs to be open, transparent and candour
throughout health care system. Also it has been evaluated that health care system that provides
effective team work can enhance quality of patient care and can also provide them with safety.

This is really helpful for women who are going through unsafe abortion. As during this process
women can experience harms that can lay severe impact on health and quality of life. Major life
threatening complications can result into haemorrhage or genital tract infection. Leadership in a
changing healthcare landscape is really important in order to bring out changes and improvement
in system so that abortion ratio can be lower down it is very necessary for health care leader to
analyse macro environment of care policy. Political factor can affect implementation of this
programme. leaders of National health service organization need to implement all policies that is
being given by government to turn down the ratio rate of abortion among women. It has been
analysed that there has been a criminal restriction on the practice of abortion. According to
section 58 and 59 it defines infant life preservation is one of their major aspect that needs to be
followed by clinical care setting. They need to follow all regulatory guidelines and discipline
procedure given by government. This will help health care leaders in reducing rate of abortions.
Economic factor can also affect the implementation of self-awareness programme. It has
bene analysed that abortion lays severe impact on health outcome of women. So leaders of
National health service organization need to have proper access to relation between abortion and
economic security of women (Quast, Gonzalez. and Ziemba, 2017). It has been analysed that
abortion access has increased participation of women in the workforce. Access to abortion will
also allow health care leaders in reducing unintended birth. So they need to lay emphasis on
enhancing educational and economic outcome during childhood and also in future. Social factor
can also affect implementation of self-awareness programme. Cultural, belief and attitude of
women also determines the rate of abortion. In this leader of NHS must be engaged in making
females know about the ill effects of abortion and also educate them on same (Jones and Jerman,
2017). Abortion rate is also being increasing because of strong conservative culture followed by
women. So health care leaders need to take it as a challenge and educate women on this to
reduce abortion ratio. They also need to make them have an idea about the unsafe abortion, so
that women do not perform it in future. It will assist them in improvising and reducing ratio of
abortion. Technological factor can also affect the implementation of self-awareness programme
related to self-awareness programme. In order to bring out service improvement process and
clinical commissioning during the time of abortion it is really necessary for leaders of NHS to be
engaged in making use of updated technology. Like they can make women aware about modern

contraceptives that can assist them in reducing abortion rates. This can also assist them in
addressing low number of appointments in clinical care setting related to abortion.
Legal factor can also affect the self-awareness programme. It has been analysed that
abortion is being penalised in every context and also determination of sex is being ban by
government. There are various laws that needs to be followed by NHS in order to reduce rate of
abortion. It is being consider as offence. NHS leaders needs to follow the abortion Act, 1967. In
this the registered PR actioner performing this act will be terminated. Environmental factor also
lay emphasis on working of leaders. It has been analysed that clinical care setting like NHS
needs to provide better environment to pregnant women so that they can be prevented from
infection and also they do not face uterine abnormalities which can increase risk related to
abortion.
Change management and diabetes mellitus
Kurt Lewin Model will help leader in analysing the changes which needs to be address by
leaders in order to assist them in reducing situation of abortion.
Unfreezing: If the rate of abortion in clinical care setting like NHS will be reduced it will
assist them in improvising health aspect of women which gets severely harmed after abortion. It
has also been analysed that health care professionals in NHS is engaged in adhering to all laws
and policies related to abortion which can assist them in reducing ratio related to it. It will also
help them in improvising quality of life of women. It has been analysed that NHS is facing
severe leadership challenges because of which they are unable to keep a complete pace on
abortion aspects in women. It has also been evaluated that leaders are not making use Francis
Inquiry report which emphasise on leaders must be honest and transparent with their patients and
team members. So this aspect is missing. Health care leaders also needs to get engaged in
coming up with new and innovative ways so that abortion ratio among women can be reduced.
They also have the opportunity to change their leadership style so that they can overcome all
challenges that is being faced by them. If NHS leaders are not engaged in following laws, rules
and policies related to abortion than they can face severe consequences and threat. Like for
example the health care professional who is been engaged in conducting this task can get
terminated. This can also lay impact on the good will and reputation of clinical care setting. So
leaders must be engaged in laying emphasis on these aspects.

Moving/change: National health service organization is being engaged in following an
integrated care system. They are involved in doing partnership with local councils and other
effective resources in order to provide better services and improved health outcome to patients. It
has been analysed that governance structure of National health service is well maintained they
are engaged in doing line management development programme (Jatlaoui and et.al., 2018). In
this they are involved in rousting policies so that performance of employees can be increased.
Health care leaders are also being engaged in making use of self-awareness programme using
360-degree feedback. It has also been analysed that NHS is being engaged in doing talent
management and development programme. They are involved in coaching and mentoring
services that is being provided by health care professionals. Education programme has also been
held by NHS in order to make patient aware about early signs and symptoms related to disease. It
has bene analysed that from several time NHS is facing leadership challenges that needs to be
overcome by them. They need to be engaged in bringing out more innovative practices that can
assist them in reducing rate of abortion. They are working on workplace, health, safety and
wellbeing.
Refreezing; NHS White Paper: Equity and Excellence: Liberating the NHS and Health
and Social Care Act 2012. It has bene analysed that NHS is being engaged in making use of
evidence based approaches that has assisted by them to improvise health outcome of patients.
They have adopted commissioning board in order to lead on quality improvement process and
procedures (El-Damen and et.al., 2019). The Board will have significant duties to work related to
removing Equality and discrimination. They are also engaged in following all laws and policies
given by government so that health care professionals and leaders can get engaged in lowering
down rate of abortion. National health service is engaged in strengthening the role of the Care
Quality Commission as an effective quality inspectorate across both health and social care. It has
been analysed that effectiveness of the treatment provided to patients is being measured by
clinical outcome and patient reported outcome.
Force field analysis
Force field analysis is that tool which can support health care system in improving the
quality of services that is being provided by them. It will identify driving and restraining forces
that support or work against project Quality, Innovation, Productivity and Prevention (QIPP) and
the impact and work streams in the Organisation. Health care leaders of NHS is being engaged in

bringing out more innovative and creative aspect in order to improvise health outcome of service
users. Like for example they are engaged in motivating women to make use of more
contraceptive advance method so that risk related to abortion can be reduced. It will also assist
them in reducing abortion rate prevailing among women. They are also engaged in working
towards providing training to workers so that they can come up with more techniques to resolve
this challenge (Quast, Gonzalez and Ziemba, 2017). It has been analysed that in order to
improvise their services including savings of cost they can make use of various approaches like
activity based costing and also they can work on improvising efficiency by making resources to
process. Lean methodology methods can be used on existing activities that is being carried out
by current staff of NHS. In order to develop and provide a level of training on improvising
techniques used by them so that quality of care can be given by them. NHS is also engaged in
implementing change management process by working on improvising level of leadership so that
they can have a clear understanding of what change is being required in organization. Like for
example health care leaders can work on bringing out new and advanced contraceptive tools that
can be provided to women so that abortion ratio can be lower down.
Energising for Excellence: In this the health care leaders, professionals, nurses and
midwives in providing safe, secure and effective care to patients who are suffering from chronic
diseases. It has been analysed that NHS has the keen desire to bring out the changes by
improvising and working on quality of care provided by them. In the energise of excellence care
programme health care leaders are expected to motivate nurses, multidisciplinary team in
improvising care given to their patients and re-enforcing strategies again so that goals and
objectives of them can be achieved. They are working towards in providing education to women
in making them aware about ill effects of abortion so that rates related to this problem reduces. In
this health care leaders needs to make sure that they are engaged in providing appropriate
resources to nurses so that they can work on bringing out most effective and efficient care. They
all need to make sure about working with full motivation and commitment and bringing out the
change so that abortion ratio can be minimised.
Appreciative Enquiries: It basically consist of process that is been required for creating
and sustaining changes that lays emphasis on methods that work well and is appropriate instead
of more traditional focus on problems and weaknesses. In this leaders need to work on
challenges that they are facing currently in organization. Like for example they can engaged in

bringing out changes in leadership approaches that is being used by NHS. This can assist them in
improvising quality of care provided by them to service users. They need to make sure that their
decision making process brings out the strategic changes within and across organizations. This
can assist them in solving problems and bringing out innovative solutions to them.
PROJECT OUTCOME AND SUCCESS EVALUATION
The project is successful or not, this can be evaluated and measured with the help of
questionnaires that can be filled by patients and staff members. Also the overall data analysis
from time, cost and outcomes.
Stakeholders Measure of success
Patients When the health outcome of patients going
through abortion is being improved.
Staff members When the roles and responsibilities related to
self-awareness program is achieved on timely
basis.
Hospital administration When the appointment related to abortion is
low in clinical care setting.
Government/CG/CCG/ They are engaged in planning about the health
care and services that needs to be provided by
them to patients
Leadership and Hospital administration context of Care
In this type of care, the health care leaders and managers are engaged in typically
designing program that are purely based on belief, needs and demands of service users. They are
engaged in making use of effective communication so that wants of patients suffering from
chronic illness. Like initiatives and changes in leadership can assist them with improvising
inpatient care or outcomes related to organization when they are applied in the health care
setting.
Regionalisation, localisation of care and social implications for stakeholders
NHS is engaged in working towards bringing out the most innovative and creative
changes so that patients’ needs can be fulfilled. They are providing quality of health care
services. They have commissioned research among patients and carers in order to test the

viability and applicability of all the policies and guidelines which they have implemented in
order to gain trust of their various stakeholders (Quast, Gonzalez and Ziemba, 2017). They make
sure that new policies that is being implemented by them meets out the expectations of service
users. Like for example they are bringing out new and innovative methods of contraceptive so
that abortion rate can be lowered down. They also need to make sure that new policy that is
being implemented is fair, practical and liked by the majority of stakeholders. As a Health care
leader I am also engaged in making sure that new policies that are being implemented at regional
and local level is flexible enough, so that it can be changed when not felt appropriate.
Suggestions are also being taken from the stakeholders so that problem related to reducing rate
of abortion can be solved. Also, it makes easier for me to identify the areas on which change is
really necessary.
Introduction of Commissioning Board (CG): It has been analysed that commissioning
Board of NHS is engaged in planning guidelines related to the 211 clinical commission groups in
order to bring out service improvement and technical changes in organization. The Board will be
involved in knowing out the areas where improvement is necessary required. They are engaged
in solving out the financial crisis which can be created when change is being implemented in
organization. Health care leaders are engaged in developing successful self-awareness
programme for women so that they can know about the ill effects of going through unsafe
abortion. These change management strategies will assist them in reducing abortion ratio that is
being prevailing in state.
Clinical Commissioning Groups (CCG's):. The announcement that GPs would take over
this commissioning role was made in the 2010 White Paper, "Equity and Excellence: Liberating
the NHS". They are working towards most significant operations that is really necessary for
bringing out the change (Sedgh and et.al., 2016). Like these services include providing elective
hospital care and evidence based care to patients who are chronically ill. They are also working
towards improvising care and bringing out innovative solution for reducing ratio related to
abortion.
Localisation of the Commissioning Cycle: In this they are engaged in bringing out the
bold and brave clinical leadership. They are also engaged in designing the services so that needs
of patients can be fulfilled. For this health acre leaders are engaged in making use of effective
communication so that gaps can be analysed during the process of change. This can assist them

in bringing more new innovative contraceptive tools that can assist them in reducing rate of
abortion. Strong and effective participation of CCG at local level is also being advised.
Stakeholder roles: In order to drive improvement and successfully implementing
educational programme NHS is working closely towards their stakeholders.
REFLECTION
As a leader I have analyzed that Leadership and management in health care is considered to
be the interlinked professions program which will be helpful to the person who are considered to
be more level of passionate in order to have improvement in terms for quality of health and
social care services. I realized that Leaders helps in having the proper vision of what can be
achieved along with communicating to have validating strategies for re lazing the respective
vision. This will help in motivating the females to have reduction in abortion rates. This will also
help in negotiating with availability of different resources along with support to provide the
support women. It has been analysed that leaders can act differently in similar situation.
They need to be flexible enough so that they can be effective solutions to the problems. I
have also realised that for the implication for reduction of the abortions rates in NHS, there
should be applicability of the LEADS frameworks which have the five leadership domains that is
as follows - lead self, engage other, achieve results, develop coalitions and the system
transformation. These frameworks will be beneficial to have development, support and sustain
the leadership capacity of the health system transformation along with reduction in abortion rates
in UK. This leadership can have the effective approach to increase the knowledge among the
women or female regarding the preventative and amount of riskiness which are associated with
abortion. This will also support the behavioural flexibility as it is preselection of core value
which is needed to be changes as per the circumstances in more effective way.
I have also known that There should be qualification of super assertive leaders who can
makes the thing happen in cases of women who are suffering for the emotional trauma of
abortion. In addition to that there is high level of emotional harms to women who used to have
regulated abortion. This framework has the diagnostics and amassment which connects the
strategy of reductionist in abortion rates form the strategy of organisation alongside the
advisability to infinitives the different level of ultrastructure and plan. Health care leaders can
work on bringing out new and advanced contraceptive tools that can be provided to women so
that abortion ratio can be lower down.

RECOMMENDATION
Leadership and management are the concept which is used interchangeable but are not the
same this. As the manager shave the exhibition of leadership skill and the toper level leaders
have the management duties. But in the health care profession in order to achieving the
respective level of ambition, the manager and leaders are considered to be two different thinks.
As the different good manager strive the need to be the good leaders and on other hand the good
leaders have the need of effective management skills. The leaders have the visions which is
needed to be achieved and communicates to the women to be aware regarding pros and cons of
abortion. On other hand the manager has the censure into available resources to be applied in
organisation in well watts to get best results. The management is having the aim target the things
to be done through others along with havering balanced approach. On the other hand, leaders
have the ability to negotiate different task through implementations of various administrative and
regulatory process.
the ability to have the effective communication effectively with internal and external
stakeholders to have the critical success factor for the development of business aspects. the
leaders will have the clear chosen market expertise which can have the proven level of tears
records the aim to have developing and
CONCLUSION
From the above report, it has been summarized that abortion can reduce the quality of life of
women. It has also made women weak. The main reason for abortion in women is lack of
knowledge and awareness related to contraceptive. The lack of awareness related to
contraceptive taken while engaging in intercourse is one of the major reason behind increase in
abortion ration. It has been analyzed that health care leaders must be engaged in providing
women knowledge about the risk and vulnerabilities related to women. This will assist them in
managing cases of abortion and also reduce ratio of miscarriage in state. Various leadership
approaches have been sued by leaders in order to improve health outcome of females. In this
leaders have also analyzed that challenges which has bene faced by them in process of
implementing self-awareness program. From the assignment it has also been evaluated that
health care professionals needs to be engaged in doing effective communication so that acute
care can be provided to females who have been going through abortion. They have also been

engaged in taking help from board of members of clinical care setting to provide them with
resources which can improvise health outcome of females.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Goldbeck-Wood, S. and et.al., 2018. Criminalised abortion in UK obstructs reflective choice and
best care.
Uzoigwe, C. E., 2017. Reduce inequality to reduce abortion. Nature. 544(7648). pp.35-35.
Unnithan, M. and Dubuc, S., 2018. Re-visioning evidence: Reflections on the recent controversy
around gender selective abortion in the UK. Global public health. 13(6). pp.742-753.
Jones, R.K. and Jerman, J., 2017. Population group abortion rates and lifetime incidence of
abortion: United States, 2008–2014. American Journal of Public Health.107(12).
pp.1904-1909.
El-Damen, A. and et.al., 2019. Is there a relationship between mitochondrial DNA content and
abortion rate in patients undergoing single euploid frozen embryo transfer?. Fertility and
Sterility.112(3). p.e155.
Jatlaoui, T.C. and et.al., 2018. Abortion surveillance—United States, 2014. MMWR Surveillance
Summaries.66(25).p.1.
Mo, X. and Zeng, Y., 2020. The relationship between ovarian endometriosis and clinical
pregnancy and abortion rate based on logistic regression model. Saudi Journal of
Biological Sciences, 27(1), pp.561-566.
Sully, E.A., Madziyire, M.G., Riley, T., Moore, A.M., Crowell, M., Nyandoro, M.T., Madzima,
B. and Chipato, T., 2019. Correction: Abortion in Zimbabwe: A national study of the
incidence of induced abortion, unintended pregnancy and post-abortion care in
2016. PloS one, 14(5).
Sedgh, G. and et.al., 2016. Abortion incidence between 1990 and 2014: global, regional, and
subregional levels and trends. The Lancet.388(10041).pp.258-267.
Whitley, C., 2018. Improved access to long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) and the
declining abortion rate (Doctoral dissertation, University of Otago).
Polis, C.B. and et.al., 2017. Incidence of induced abortion in Malawi, 2015. PLOS one, 12(4).
Prada, E. and et.al., 2016. Incidence of induced abortion in Uganda, 2013: new estimates since
2003. PloS one.11(11).
Flaherty, E., 2018. What will happen to Ireland's abortion rate after repeal?. LSE European
Politics and Policy (EUROPP) Blog.
Jargin, S.V., 2016. High abortion rate in Russia: on the role of condom use an d alcohol
misuse. J Add Pre Med.1(1). p.104.
Johansson, E.W. and et.al., 2019. Trends in nonresident abortion rates in New York City from
2005 to 2015: a time series analysis. Contraception, 100(3), pp.182-187.
Malosso, E.M. and et.al., 2017. US trends in abortion and preterm birth. J Matern Fetal Neonatal
Med, 6(July), pp.1-5.
Dastgiri, S. and et.al., 2017. Induced abortion: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Materia
socio-medica.29(1).p.58.
Chae, S. and et.al., 2017. The incidence of induced abortion in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic
of Congo, 2016. PLOS one, 12(10).

Quast, T., Gonzalez, F. and Ziemba, R., 2017. Abortion facility closings and abortion rates in
Texas. INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and
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Online
What are the UK’s laws on abortion. 2019. [Online]. Available through
<https://www.bbc.com/news/health-19856314>

APPENDIX 1
As a leader I will be engaged in implementing self-awareness program in order to reduce the
abortion ratio. I will help making women aware about the ill effects of going through unsafe
abortion. I will assist them in knowing about the benefits of taking precautions so that risk
related to abortion in females reduces. Women who are going through abortion are more likely to
face mental health problems. This self-awareness programme organized by clinical care setting g
will help women in knowing about the possible complications which can be faced by them. I as a
leader will assist them in educating females related to risk and vulnerabilities related to unsafe
abortion. This will help me in reducing the abortion ratio. It has also been analysed that women
going through abortion can face infection in womb which can lay negative impact on their health
outcome. It is my responsibility as leader to make women aware about because of abortion they
can also face problem of excessive bleeding. In severe cases it can also require blood transfusion.
It is really necessary for women to take precautions at their own. This can only be made possible
when they are aware about the available contraceptive which can assist them in overcoming
problem of abortion. As a leader is my responsibility to make women aware about contraceptive
in order to improve their health outcome and reduce ration of abortion.
1

APPENDIX 2
Information of participants in self-awareness programme
Briefly explain the main objective of study?
The main objective of the study is to reduce abortion ration through self-awareness
programme. In this leaders are being engaged in making women aware about the risk and
vulnerabilities related to unsafe abortion. Through this report various leadership challenges
which can be faced while implementing the self-awareness programme is also being analysed.
Why you have been selected?
I have been selected as the participant in self-awareness programme because recently I
have been through abortion and in order to reduce future risk I have joined this programme.
Do I need to participate?
Decision of attending the self-awareness programme is totally up to patients. If they do
not feel like attending they can ignore it. Participation is voluntarily.
What I will be able to know if I take part?
If you will be participating in self-awareness programme, as a female you will be able to
know about the consequences of abortion. You will also be able to have an idea about how to
reduce the chances of abortion.
What are the advantages of participating?
I will be able to know about various contraceptive methods which can be used in order to
prevent the chances of abortion.
Is participation confidential?
Yes, participation in self-awareness programme is fully confidential, no personal details of
participants will be leaked
2

APPENDIX 3
REF NO-
Title of the report; Reducing abortion ratio through self-awareness programme
Do you understand the report?
Yes, I know the benefits of taking contraceptive in order to prevent abortion
I have an idea that attending programme is voluntary
3