ABSTRACT:. Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine disorder t

ABSTRACT:
Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine disorder that results in change of blood glucose
level for a prolong period of time. Diabetes mellitus can either be acquired or inherited and is
generally considered as auto-immune disorder, that is primarily caused when there is no
production of insulin or if the cells are not responding to the insulin produced in the body.
There are two major types of diabetes mellitus namely type 1 diabetes mellitus also termed as
Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), where no insulin is produced by the body and
type 2 diabetes mellitus also termed as Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM),
where insulin is produced by the pancreas but the cells do not respond to the produced
insulin. Symptoms of diabetes mellitus are weight loss, frequent urination, tiredness,
amplified thirst, which is caused due to obesity, stress, sedentary lifestyle and pregnancy. The
pathophysiology of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus is explained in the power-point
presentation that states the mechanism of how the disorder is triggered. Various
pharmacological intervention are explained that include different class of drugs such as
biguanides, insulin secretagogues, amylin analogue, thiazolidinediones and alpha-
glucosudase inhibitors. Metformin is the most common class of oral anti-diabetic drug that
acts to lower the blood glucose level in the body by reducing the hepatic glucose production.
Metformin is orally absorbed in the body and has a half-life of maximum 3 hours. It is
metabolized in the liver and excreted by the kidneys. Pharmacodynamics of the drug is also
explained that decreases the production of hepatic glucose and absorption intestinal glucose.
Various indication of metformin is highlighted that is used for the treatment of renal
dysfunction, acute MI, congestive heart failure, lactic acidosis and liver diseases. Metformin
also has side-effects like weight loss, diarrhoea, dyspepsia, nausea and vomiting. Hence, can
be concluded that diabetes mellitus is one of the most common endocrine disorder that affects
numerous people worldwide.