Alzheimer and Parkinson Disease, Neurotransmitters, Symptoms and Drugs

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Alzheimer disease
Alzheimer disease (AD) refers to a chronic neurodegenerative disease that always
commences slowly and worsens over period. It is the major cause of approximate to seventy
percent instances of dementia (Liang & Wei, 2015). Moreover, Alzheimer disease is known to
be a disorder that leads loss of memory together with decline in cognitive as a result of improper
functioning of brain cells.
Neurotransmitter implicated of Alzheimer disease
The disease of Alzheimer is characterized by markedly decreased concentration of
acetylcholine in neocortex and hippocampus. These concentrations are caused by degeneration of
cholinergic neurons. Acetylcholine is vital in reducing instances of memory loss among
individuals in the society (Grill & Galvin, 2014). However, acetylcholine is just a
neurotransmitter useful for processing learning together with memory that is reduced in
concentration along with function among patients with AD.
Symptoms
The known common early symptom of this disease is difficulty in remembering of past
recent events. As this disease advances the other symptoms include language problems, mood
swings, disorientation, motivation loss, behavioral concerns, and not managing self-care (Grill &
Galvin, 2014). The disease has symptom of impairments to reasoning, exercising judgment, and
complex tasking such as inability to finance management and poor ability to make decisions.
Drugs

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The use of non-steroidal drugs that are anti-inflammatory for extended period has been
thought in early days of 2017 to be linked with the decrease chances of developing AD. Other
drugs used to treat the cognitive dangers of AD include acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. These
inhibit consist of tacrine, galantamine, rivastigmine, together with donepezil (Gerald, 2016). The
other drug is memantine that is a receptor antagonist of NMDA. However, among all these
drugs, there is no single drug that has been clearly illustrated to halt or delay progression of this
disease.
Parkinson disease
Parkinson disease (PD) refers to the progressive disorder that impacts nerve cells within
the brain that are responsible for movement of body. In event when dopamine-generates, neurons
die, leading to symptoms that comprise of tremor, stiffness, slowness, together with problems of
balance of body (Chen-Plotkin, 2017). The treatment of this disorder always concentrates on idea
of reducing symptoms to enable the more active style of life that comprise of medication,
exercise, diet, along with surgery of deep brain stimulation.
Neurotransmitter implicated of Parkinson disease
In Parkinson Disease, neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) as well as dopaminergic, perform
essential role. Decline in DA in the substantial nigra in section of brain has been implicated to be
the cause of this disease. Deficiency of dopamine in the nigrostriatal system is a characterization
of Parkinson disease. Parkinson disease is a neurodegenerative disease with symptoms of motor
and non-motor (Parekh, 2012). The neurotransmitters of PD imbalance do happen in the
extrapyramidal system with the dopamine and acetylcholine with glutamate surplus.
Symptoms