Brazil's Tourism and Favela Representation

This assignment requires a detailed analysis of Brazil's tourism industry, focusing on the representation of favelas and their impact on the country's culture and economy. It also involves examining the role of sports mega-events in promoting Brazilian culture globally and exploring the dynamics of tourism discourses and policy in Brazil.

Analysis of a
destination -
Brazil

INTRODUCTION
Tourism is referred to as activities performed by people in form of travelling and staying
to other places that is outside their home environment for leisure, business or other purposes for
not more than a consecutive year (Cooke and Alcadipani, 2015). In addition to this, tourism
industry refers to sectors that enables tourist to travel to a particular destination or those who are
part of a product at a destination (Duarte and Peters, 2018).
In following report, history of Brazil tourism and tourists attraction towards Favelas have
been discussed. This assignment also highlights on culture of Brazil that attracts tourists towards
them. Furthermore, mega events of Brazil has also illustrated in report.
MAIN BODY
Tourist Destination is that place where people show interest to visit because of its natural
and cultural value (Fausto, 2014). Thus, place with its earthy or built beauty that offers leisure
and amusement and have historical significance mainly attracts tourists. Tourism has been
gaining more attention among governments and non governmental organisations in recent
decades.
History of BRAZIL Tourism
Brazil was established in 1500 and it was started with indigenous people in Brazil
(Fazito, Scott and Russell, 2016). It came into action after fleet was commanded by diplomat
named Pedro Alvares Cabral of Portuguese on its way to India. He landed in Porto Seguro, that
is between Salvador and Rio de Janeiro. The diplomat is now Federative republic of Brazil on
continent of South America. The Portuguese reportedly found native Indians numbering around
& million.
Thus, in older times there were movements in nomadic people from one part to another
so in history it is mentioned as History of Human movement. And these movements includes
travelling of people from one part to other in search of work, to engage in warfare, to build
colonies in different parts or to make permanent homes to that place (Frenzel and et.al., 2015).
Therefore, if there is migration between places, people carry their culture with them. This is done
to influence the people of migrated places. Besides these human movements, adventurous
explorers like Colonel Percy Fawcett also explored country which is one of the part of human
movement. He went in search of lost city, but instead of finding it he himself got lost. Most

settlers preferred coastal areas and few selected hinterlands. Due to this human movement,
tourism developed in England in 19th century.
Portuguese explorer came to Brazil in search of wealth for which they explored many
parts. They came to make money from what country produce and then convert indigenous people
into Christianity. This new territory faced various internal and external challenges. Initially, they
couldn't establish strong central government in subcontinent. Thus, Brazil is leading country with
the highest economic growth in years (Grix, Brannagan and Houlihan, 2015). It is second
international destination in South America and third most important in Latin America.
Portuguese created an image of Brazil when they were travelling over there. The image that was
created before is still same and used by tourist industry. Hence, image that was created showed
as tropical heaven where people staying are as wild as in jungle. Later, African slaves were
imported to Brazil as a labour force by Portuguese. All such kinds of movement of humans from
various parts like Europe, Asia and middle east resulted in a society with various cultures. Thus,
it later stated as multicultural society where various people got situated. It was obvious that
tourists like to see history and culture as per popularity of destinations. So they used this culture
as a part of product which they sell to tourists in terms of economy. For example- visiting
indigenous people in jungle and watch their dances and buy their products that is hand made is a
part of Brazilians. Tourists love traditions and dresses, people of Brazil use this as a product that
raises their economy and standard of living (Gruneau and Horne, 2015).
It has been claimed that tourism first started from Rio de Janeiro when rich and royal
family of Portuguese migrated and started living their lives at that place (Tourism, 2018). So
government of Brazil and tourism authorities planned to make Rio de Janeiro more attractive so
that people gets attracted towards it. Further, government gave attention towards facilities of
tourist destination. They built airports, hotels and other facilities. They found that there are prior
needs of educated employees in tourism industry. Thus, Government started providing them with
trainings so that tourists gets attracted towards them. Well, in 2005, Rio de Janeiro and Salvador
were those cities where people visited most for purpose of leisure trips. The most popular was
Rio de janeiro were they visited for business trips.
Tourist attraction in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil)
Rio de Janeiro is second biggest metropolis in Brazil which receives majority foreign
tourists (Larkins, 2015). This destination offers attraction of different types as beaches, Christ,

redeemer statue, sugar loaf, forest and slums. The main attraction in Rio De Janeiro is slums that
is known as Favela (Favela BRAZILIAN SHANTYTOWN, 2018). These are areas where poor
people lives in who has low income and low standard of living. It is a residential area having 60
or more families with lack of basic amenities. Hence, main reason for these towns are because of
people who have been migrated from different countries in search of work. Favelas are built on
edge of big cities. It is difficult to get out or in at such area as they are built on steep hills that has
engaged street. There are some peoples in this area whose houses has been destroyed in
nineteenth century during war. Such housing mainly begins with makeshift structures that are
fashioned from wood scraps and daub. Hence, there exist a wide variety of small businesses in
Favela. Various crimes takes place in those areas as they have been dominated by gangs
immersed in illegal drugs and trafficking so they receive a great deal of attention from Police.
Favela tourism has grown into a legitimate global industry that brings a million of tourists
every year (Maiello and Pasquinelli, 2015). Various tour operators are now offering visits to
favelas. It is one of most well known tourist attraction in Brazil. It has been analysed that double
digit of tourist visits slum. Rochina and Vidigal were illegal settlements and has best views of
city. It also consists of unique tourist points such as Sao Daniel Projeta Church in Manguinhos
that was designed by Oscar Niemayer and bronze statue of Michael Jackson in Santa Marta
(Mason, 2015). Here, singer has also recorded video clips. They are also associated with various
forms of culture that is popular such as samba schools, hip hop and street art. Tourists mainly
attract to such places to see how people live that differs from their standard of living. The
operators of tours attract people rather than favella dwellers. This operator arrange tours for
people and decide about information provided to them about slum areas. The main reason for
which tourists visits there just because they are known internationally by film City Of God.
Seeing images of such areas has also provoked desires in many international tourist to go and
visit such places by self.
Furthermore, tourist has to face various types of risk while visiting such low class areas
(Matheson, 2015). A German tourist visited with his friend was shotted. They saw a man with a
gun and started running so he was shotted twice. As there is increased number of tourism in
Brazil, number of crimes takes place in slums like robberies, murders, rapes etc. thus, tourist
operators can not provide jobs to them as they don't have sufficient qualifications as to guide
international tourist. Basically, because of languages they don't speak much with favela dwellers.

Tourists also has to face improper sanitation, unhygienic environmental conditions, social,
economic health, educational and cultural problems and many health issues. Thus, due to poor
quality of water leads to illness. Tourists those who are visiting there has to keep their car
windows down so that they are easily identified by them as non threatening. Drug traffickers that
operates mainly in favela are more concerned with rival crowd and force.
Tourism culture in Brazil
Culture tourism is main driving forces of phenomena of tourist (Novy and Colomb,
2017). They may take many forms as per motivation behind tourists' impetus to travel to certain
destination. Cultural motivation plays crucial role in increasing flow of tourist towards cultural
tourism destinations.
Cultural change is a recurrent concern in tourism studies. Thus, in 1500 when Portuguese
diplomat established Brazil, he was greeted by tupiniquim natives who has inhabited coastal
areas after expansion (Palmer, 2017). When new entity first came into contact with Barha velha,
it found a destitute population who spoke only Portuguese and lack unusual features. This
population were further named as Pataxo. Further it was declared that all members in group must
keep their indigenous names rather than Christian names. They now live in hinterland of minas
gerais state.
Therefore, when Portuguese came to Brazil in 16th century, pataxo people started
attacking them and came to coast for trading goods but stills they started attacking plantations of
Portuguese (Schneider, 2018). In order to stop such attacks on people, authorities of Portuguese
declared to form native groups including pataxos. of forest. They started controlling pataxo
people easily. This caused serious affects on them in which they started loosing their livelihood
along with their culture. They started speaking Portuguese language. The time from
establishment to present, their history has been a series of acculturation episodes by creating
artificial villages where different indigenous groups were located. Thus, later in 21st century they
were provided with source of income by increasing in international tourism. They reinvented
their language and also invented body paintings which has not been used earlier.
In village they live on sale of handicrafts to tourists. They also sale wood items, gamelas.
Plates spoons and combs. They are expert in making earrings necklaces, and various decorative
objects that are made with help of feathers, seeds, straws and woods. At end of 20th century, they
began to develop new ideas and ways to attract tourist customers. This way was known as eco-

tourism. The drawings and crafts has transformed their standard of living. They have also
discovered some myths that helps in entertaining tourist. These people mainly attract tourist by
fishing and growing crops such as coconuts and also make unique and creative objects that
results to increasing customer willingness to buy that products. In addition to this, they exchange
goods with shorts, sunglasses and t shirts of tourists. The products made by them were also been
traded in foreign countries or to Brazilians who owns shop. It also involved in making a trail
which makes tourist follow them. Pataxo people also guide tourist about medicines that are made
by the plants available in forest areas. These people also entertain foreigners by dancing and
singing which attracts them towards these people. Along with these they share their views to
tourists that their land has been invaded by Portuguese. Thus, in this way they are bringing their
traditional culture into action and active. Therefore, over one million tourist visited a township.
Much modern tourism leads to encounter poor people and places by rich people. Thus, slums
have power to increase visibility. There are positive and negative impacts of tourism as are-
Positive effects-
It is positive effect that persuades Government and individuals in getting involved with
development of tourism destination. It increases domestic income and foreign currency earnings,
economic gets multiplied, increases employment and it improves infrastructure of country. Thus,
it generates wealth that in turn leads in increasing standard of living of people.
Negative impacts-
It also has negative impacts along with positive impacts that includes decline of
traditional employment, seasonal unemployment and cost of living rises. This in turn cause
disadvantages for people who has to pay higher prices for foods, drinks, events and transports.
Mega Events In Brazil
In Brazil, the percentage of company who are responsible grew from 23.3%. This growth
is a result of exposure of country in other nations as per the world cup in 2014 and 2016 Olympic
games (Smith, 2015). Thus, from past years in Brazil these number has increased from 28 to 360
which means it is fifth highest country in growing international events in Italy, France, Germany
and UK. Hence, city that is hosting World cup had other activities during competition days.
Furthermore, it has been aimed in demonstrating bidding process of Brazil and its
planning of international sports mega events. It has also been analysed about Brazilians
governments related mega events of sports with international politics previously. The events that

are considered are South American Football cup in 1919, South American games in 1922, in
1950 football World cup, 1963 pan American games, 2002 South American games, 2007 pan
American games,2014 football World cup and 2016 Olympic games. They used major
newspapers and magazines as source for such researches. These data were related as per aspects
of international affairs of Brazilian.
Thus, mega sporting events are part in global context of governments that helps in
stimulating opportunities creation. It has been analysed that larger events are very expensive to
arrange but such events helps in bringing social media exposure with positive effects which is
not possible by any other way. The place that are capable of staging such large events are known
as place promotion. These events help in increasing economy of country and increase its
reputation in the whole world. Brazil has staged or promoted many international events. There
was doubt related to success of event held in Brazil as it was held peacefully. The member of
countries who were first against of events had forgotten their anger in order to enjoy happy
moment of a particular country and had made mind to show world that Brazil is considered as
country of soccer. The measures have been generated by research regarding operation of aspects
that is considered relevant in achieving victory in Olympics of 2016 in Rio de Janeiro. To win
certain disputes, mega events are great opportunity that attract economic activities. Author has
described three reasons about importance of mega events. It is said that it is not significant only
for country but also for sporting entities that are involved.
However, measurement of such events should begin from alteration happening in
promoting localities of event and by noting that such heritage are uncertain from one location to
another. Some cities who host such events have different strengths and weaknesses, so they have
to change their structures by investing major income. It has also been pointed that it becomes
very expensive to provide facilities and it will lead to waste in money if those facilities has not
been used well after event has been held in a particular country. Pan games that was held in Rio
de Janeiro in 2007 was resulted as very expensive as organisers cheated by not providing
facilities of transportation and infrastructure improvements which resulted in overpriced or
expensive facilities. Mega events resulted as a good way in promoting particular city and gained
experience and knowledge of positive promoting of games of Olympic 2016. Later, it was an
unforgettable event held in Brazil as it was filled by Brazilian people passions. Thus, it was
analysed by government of particular company that promoting of Olympics took Brazil to tenth

largest economy in world but was not recognised as important nation internationally. Thus,
staging games gave them opportunity to gain reputation worldwide. Therefore, hosting mega
events was part of wider strategy and became one of the significant aspects of Brazil's
international politics at beginning of twenty-first century.
CONCLUSION
From above summary, it has been evaluated about Brazils image as a tourism destination
which is absolutely based on literature that is existed along with tourism experts. It has also been
analysed that human movement from one place to another in search of work due to which culture
of people were also carried with them and made an image of their culture at Brazil.
In addition to this, it has also been highlighted that tourists mainly gets attracted to
favelas that are slum areas because they have made an image about that area as they are known
internationally by film City Of God. Furthermore, this assignment also makes image of pataxo
people attracting tourists by way of dancing and various handmade products which they sell it to
them. Hence, brazil created its wide representation by hosting or promoting mega events like
olymics or various games that became important factor for them.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
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Fausto, B., 2014. A concise history of Brazil. Cambridge University Press.
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Frenzel and et.al., 2015. Slum tourism: State of the art. Tourism Review International. 18(4).
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Grix, J., Brannagan, P.M. and Houlihan, B., 2015. Interrogating states’ soft power strategies: a
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Online
Favela BRAZILIAN SHANTYTOWN. 2018.[online] Available
through:<https://www.britannica.com/topic/favela>

Tourism. 2018.[online] Available through:<https://www.britannica.com/place/Brazil/Tourism>