Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology Study Material

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ANAT 1106
SHARED MODULE

Cells & tissues
Diagrams
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Smooth
Endoplasmic
reticulum
Rough
endoplasmic
reticulum
Mitochondrion
Golgi
apparatus
cytoplasm
rough
Secretory
vesicles
Centriole
Lipid solutes Lipid soluble
solutes Lipid soluble
solutes
Lipid molecule

MCQ
1. How many pairs of chromosomes does the nucleus contain?
a. 46
b. 23
c. 21
d. 44
2. Mitochondria is.
a. the control centre of the cell
b. the production of protein
c. the powerhouse of the cell
d. the transport of materials
3. The cell membrane is made up of
a. single membrane
b. a double membrane
c. channel proteins
d. B and C
4. This type of cell division occurs in gamete production.
a. meiosis
b. mitosis
c. interphase
d. none of the above
5. Catabolism
a. builds complex molecules form simple molecules.
b. produces energy.
c. requires energy.
d. breaks down complex molecules in simple molecules.
e. A & B
f. C & B

6. The process of active transport
a. produces energy.
b. requires energy.
c. uses no energy.
d. none of the above
7. The following is a type of connective tissue.
a. neurone
b. blood
c. skeletal muscle
d. skin
8. The following is not a type of epithelial tissue.
a. squamous
b. cuboidal
c. bone
d. columnar
9. The following is not a function of a living cell.
a. communication
b. respiration
c. excretion
d. reproduction
10.The following type of tissue carries ‘messages’ to and from areas of the
body.
a. epithelial
b. muscle
c. nervous
d. connective

Short answer (5 marks per question)
1. Define the term ‘cell’.
Cell refers to the smallest unit of an organism which includes nucleus. They are generally in microscopic in size and
are the structural unit of living matter.
2. List five organelles of a cell.
 Nucleus
 Ribosomes
 Golgi apparatus
 Mitochondria
 Endoplasmic reticulum.
3. Describe the structure and function of the nucleus.
Cell nucleus are membrane bound structure and contains can control growth and reproduction along with cells
hereditary information. It controls protein and enzyme synthesis and regulate the transcription of mRNA to protein.
4. Outline the four different types of body tissue and identify their function.
There is discussion about different types of body tissue and their function.
 Connective tissue- Supports other tissue and binds together which includes bone, lymph tissue and blood.
 Epithelial tissue- It provides covering and includes skin.
 Muscle tissue- It includes striated muscles which help to move skeleton and smooth muscle.
 Nervous tissue- This carry messages to and from different parts of body.
5. Describe the process of osmosis.
Osmosis refers to the process of solvent movement though semi-permeable membrane from low concentration to
higher concentration region. In this, there is movement of water molecules from one concentration to other
concentration with presence of concentration gradient.

2. Homeostasis
Diagram
MCQ
1. homeostasis
a. refers to the control of a physiological set point.
b. refers to maintaining a stable internal environment.
c. refers to maintaining a stable external environment.
d. a and b
e. a and c
Input: information sent
along afferent pathway
to second step which is
control centre
Receptor (sensor)
Stimulus: produces
change in variable.
Control
centre
Output information sent along
efferent pathway to
Effector
Response of effector feeds
back to influence
magnitude of stimulus and
returns variable to homeostasis

2. Hormones
a. are chemical regulators that are conveyed between organs via the
bloodstream.
b. may be secreted by endocrine glands.
c. may be secreted by nerve cells.
d. a, b, and c
3.Positive feedback
a. produces a response that enhances the initial stimulus.
b. produces no response after the initial stimulus.
c. produces a response that reduces the initial stimulus.
d. produces a response that returns the initial stimulus back to the normal
range.
4. Negative feedback
a. produces a response that enhances the initial stimulus.
b. produces no response after the initial stimulus.
c. produces a response that reduces the initial stimulus.
d. produces a response that returns the initial stimulus back to the normal
range.
5. Thermoregulation
a. refers to the control of bodily temperature.
b. is an example of a positive feedback mechanism.
c. is an example of a negative feedback mechanism.
d. a and b
e. a and c

6. Blood clotting
a. is an example of a positive feedback mechanism.
b. is an example of a negative feedback mechanism.
c. is controlled by clotting factors.
d. a and c
e. b and c
7. The area of the brain responsible for temperature control is
a. pons
b. midbrain
c. hypothalamus
d. medulla oblongata
8. The area of the brain responsible for control of the heart rate is
a. pons
b. midbrain
c. hypothalamus
d. medulla oblongata
9. Blood glucose control
a. involves both hormones and nervous control.
b. is an example of a positive feedback mechanism.
c. is an example of a negative feedback mechanism.
d. a and b
e. a and c