Architecture: Site Preparation, Excavation, Concrete, Framing, Glazing, Project Initiation and Design Details

Running head: ARCHITECTURE 1
ARCHITECTURE
Name of Student
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ARCHITECTURE 2
1) Preparation of site
Site preparation will guarantee that the construction project will stay safe for many years in
the future.
Temporary fencing
Whenever a temporary fence is needed may be for storage, the safety of the public, control of
crowd or even prevention of theft, it is recommended to employ temporary fencing.
Temporary fencing acts as an alternative to permanent fencing. Temporary fencing in
construction sites is referred to as construction sign. The second form of fencing that is also
commonly used is the solid fencing, commonly referred to as hoarding. Hoarding involves
using solid self-supporting panels that can either be built using an overhead protective
support or structure or using their own supports (Bailey, 2014).
Sedimentary control
They are controls that are designed to avert or reduce erosion and hence reduce the essence
of control of sediments. These controls are naturally employed together with erosion
controls. Sediment controls are usually intended to be provisional measures, though they can
be used for purposes of stormwater management (Eamon et al, 2015).
2) Site excavation
Site excavation is a procedure whereby soil, rock or any other resources are moved with
equipment, tools or explosives. Site excavation may include earthworking, tunnelling, wall
shifts, trenching and underground. The main purpose of site excavation in construction is to
make building foundations, reservoirs and roads. A number of procedures used during
excavation include; digging, trenching, dredging and site development (Garman et al, 2011).
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Concrete
This is a composite material that comprises of both fine and coarse aggregate that is bonded
with a fluid cement that always hardens with time. Most commonly used concretes are
always lime-based or are those made with other hydraulic cement. An example of the lime-
based concretes is the Portland cement. Calcium aluminate cement is an example of concrete
made with other hydraulic cement (Goodburn, 2011).
Footings
Footings is a very significant part of construction foundation. Concrete with rebar
reinforcements poured into an excavated trench makes up the footing. Footings are persistent
in order to support the foundation and also prevent settling (Karlsson et al, 2010).
Strip foundations
Strip foundations are used mainly where there is soil of good bearing capacity. There are
similar important sizes of a strip foundation for both timber frame cavity wall construction

ARCHITECTURE 3
and concrete cavity wall construction. Strip foundation depth should be equal to or larger
than the wall width.
Raft foundations
Also known as Mat Foundations. It is a huge concrete slab that is able to support a lot of
columns and walls. It is usually spread out below the whole building or at times a large part
of the building. It is important in lowering the interaction pressure as compared to the
commonly used strip or trench footings.
The compressive strength is measured as shown below;
failure load
cross−sectional arearesisting theload
The SI Units for reporting compressive strength is the pound-force per square inch (psi) or
megapascals (MPa).
Concrete is usually referred to as being of normal or high strength. High-strength concrete is a
type of concrete that has a compressive strength ranging from 6000 to 20000 psi i.e 40 to 140
MPa. Normal strength concrete has a compressive strength ranging from 3000 and 6000 psi i.e
20 to 40 MPa
Reinforcing mesh
This is a material made of wire fabric and prefabricated steel reinforcement. It usually comes in
rectangular or square grid shapes built in plane sheets. Its main purpose is to supply tensile
strength and crack control to structural concrete elements (Kohl et al, 2014).
Reinforcing bar /steel
Commonly abbreviated as rebar. It is a mesh of steel wires or steel bar used for the purpose of
tightening reinforced concrete and masonry structures in order to grip and reinforce the concrete
that is in compression. Since concrete is resilient under compression but with weak tensile
strength, rebar, therefore, increases the tensile strength of the structure. The reinforcement bar
has a surface that is patterned in order to form a bond with the concrete that is greatly improved.
Brickwork
This is a material for building that is used to build walls, pavements and other masonry
construction elements. A brick is popularly referred to as a unit built of clay-bearing soil, sand
and lime or even concrete materials. Production of bricks is based on classes, materials, sizes and
types which often vary depending on location and time. Usually, bricks are often produced in
very large quantities.
Stud-frame