Artificial Intelligence and Its Implications on the Safety and Security of the Public: An Evaluation of the Safety and Security Measures of the Civil Defense in Dubai, United Arab Emirates

This study evaluates the implications of artificial intelligence on public safety and security, specifically in the context of the Civil Defense in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. It aims to provide recommendations for the effective use of artificial intelligence to ensure the safety and security of the public. The study will use a mixed research design and a sample size of 200 people who use artificial intelligence for safety and security in Dubai. The study will have implications for policymakers, researchers, and practitioners in the field of artificial intelligence and public safety.

Running head: DOCTORATE RESEARCH PROPOSAL
Artificial intelligence and its implications on the safety and security of the public: An
evaluation of the safety and security measures of the Civil defense in Dubai, United Arab
Emirates

DOCTORATE PROPOSAL 2
Table of Contents
1. Project title..............................................................................................................................................3
2. Overview and significance of the proposed study....................................................................................3
3. Aim and Objectives.................................................................................................................................3
4. Relevant literature...................................................................................................................................4
5. Research Design......................................................................................................................................6
6. Methodology...........................................................................................................................................6
7. Ethical issues...........................................................................................................................................9
8. Assumed Outcomes...............................................................................................................................10
9. Implications...........................................................................................................................................10
10. Expected Timescale.............................................................................................................................10
References.................................................................................................................................................13
Appendix...................................................................................................................................................16

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1. Project title
The title of this project is Artificial intelligence and its implications on the safety and security of
the public: An evaluation of the safety and security measures of the Civil defense in Dubai,
United Arab Emirates.
2. Overview and significance of the proposed study
Artificial intelligence is highly used by people in the current times for their safety and security.
In previous times, people highly avoid information-based security and machine-based data due to
the threat of data piracy. But, it is developed in current scenario as information age continue to
grow and society has been forced for developing the new and intimate familiarities with the
algorithm and data-driven system (Bostrom, and Yudkowsky, 2018). In civil defense, the
artificial agent is used for decision making and devices that support for automation, algorithm
learning process, and data-driven. It also involves the devices for the online suggestion and
advanced cognitive system and also helps in the safety and security of the public. These agents
are becoming a vital part of the regular decision making procedure. Their origination and
adoption may lead to a multitude of associated policy. The study will assess the implication of
Artificial Intelligence to help the Civil Defense to reduce the time taken, to provide rescue aids,
to the public or in the building to save people in accidents in Dubai, United Arab Emirates
(Srivastava, Bisht, and Narayan, 2017).
3. Aim and Objectives
The aim of the proposed study is to ensure safety and security to the public or people by reducing
the time for providing rescue aids by the Civil Defence in Dubai. Following objectives would be
used to complete the main aim of the research:
RO1: To explore the meaning and concept of Artificial Intelligence to help the Civil Defence

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RO2: To address the role of Artificial Intelligence in Civil Defence
RO3: To recommend the implication of Artificial Intelligence to ensure safety and security to the
public or people by reducing the time for providing rescue aids
4. Relevant literature
According to Russell Dewey and Tegmark (2015), artificial intelligence is enduring a transaction
from storage tower executions to a utility of function in across of different industries as a type of
Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) competencies. It is becoming associated with different
applications, products, and services and keeps end-users. This alteration would have an intense
effect on safety, security, and private for the enterprise, consumers, and governments. It is also
stated that uses of artificial intelligence are growing in across of diverse sector and it is related to
security, privacy, and public safety.
In contrast to this, Parker (2018) evaluated that Al-powered techniques are performing the
specific repetitive task with efficiency. The key cause of using AI is that it can remove the
human errors from the task and helps to attain the feasible outcome. In addition, such a technique
can be performed 24*7 as compared to humans. Hence, they avoid the requirement of organizing
two sets of workforces in the day and night shifts to work on significant tasks. For instance, AI-
powered chat support can answer the queries of customer and offers support to visitors every
minute of the day and enhances the revenue of the corporation.
According to Portugal et al. (2018), people are working for learning artificial intelligence related
machines to solve complex equations and obtains the critical tasks on their own hence, the
outcome obtained may create the accuracy rather than person counterparts. This high
accurateness makes indispensable to performance in different sector specifically, owing to the

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criticality of tasks. Robots are superior in terms of resolving serious condition such as rescue,
and aids in the safety and security of the public.
In contrast to this, Sotala (2018) evaluated that AI practices machine learning algorithms such as
deep learning with neural networks in order to learn the innovative things like civil defense do in
Dubai, United Arab Emirates. This strategy may avoid the requirement to write new code at
every time as people need to learn new things. It is also opined that AI machines optimize the
machine learning capabilities so that they learn much faster regarding new procedures. This way
creates a low cost for civil defense as there is low expenses required for training and helps to
learn more rapid regarding the new process. Along with this, machines may decline the
operational expenses with the high efficiency and accuracy of performing work in the civil
defense sector. For illustration, machines do not take a break and can do the same ordinary task
without a change in outcomes.
According to Scherer (2015), the key benefits of using artificial intelligence powered machines
are to organize the work. It also supports to collect the high amount of data associated with
performance. This information could be processed for gathering the depth perception regarding
the procedure with quantitative assessment hence; people can maintain the safety and security in
rescue condition. Moreover, machine learning capabilities of AI machines are gaining further
information regarding safety and security measures.
On the other side, Warwick (2018) stated that people should use software that is smarter and
easier to use as they could be enabled for the development of AI application. It can also offer the
digital mesh to insert AI from the key of edge. It will also enable people for real-time
assessment. This demonstrates the competency to do smart ingestion, shifting, pivoting, splitting
and quick data wrangling. People should address the AI machines that match with their needs to

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complete their objectives. For example, if, a people are performing smart data wrangling, then
they may need to record everything that they have completed. This could lead to addressing the
resources of task completion. People can also create the app for inserting and calling the rest
boundaries.
According to Drexler (2018), people should take the vertically-oriented strategy and personalize
to the domain. They can also use different components for resolving the AI based issue. It can
also emphasize on different attributes of AI to measure the safety and security. It can also aid to
understand the preference of consumers and supports for understanding attributes preferred by
the customers. In the context of the business of Dubai, it can be suggested that the company
should comprehend the business issue that needs to resolve. In this way, AI should be applied in
the business process to address the issues. There are certain case studies that help to comprehend
favorable and unfavorable aspect for leveraging the technology in the best manner. This
technology would have highly influenced the business procedures in terms of measuring the
safety and security in civil defense of Dubai, UAE.
5. Research Design
In this research design, mixed research design would be used to complete the main aim of this
research study. This research design would be selected as it contains the characteristics of both
qualitative and quantitative research design. In this way, qualitative research design would be
used to gather the conceptual aspect regarding the research concern. Together with, quantitative
research design would be used to gather the numeric information regarding research issues. This
research design is beneficial for acquiring reliable and valid data about research issues (Boden,
et. al., 2017).
6. Methodology

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Philosophies
With the purpose of this investigation, interpretivism research philosophy would be used as this
philosophy will enable the researcher for assessing the perception and belief of respondents. It
would also aid an investigator for acquiring the valid result associated with artificial intelligence
and its implications on the safety and security of the public in Dubai. This philosophy would be
beneficial for gathering the real phenomenon regarding research issues. In opposed to this,
realism and positivism research philosophies will not be used as this research is based on the
subjective nature (Loo Mauri and Ortiz, J.H. 2016).
Approaches
In this research, the inductive approach will be implemented as compared to the deductive
approach as this investigation would facilitate the investigator for increasing the subjective
understanding regarding research concern. By using this, an investigator would be competent for
improving the validity and reliability of investigation results. This approach will make competent
to the investigator to identify the artificial intelligence and its implications on the safety and
security of the public. In contrast to this, the positive research approach would be not used as
there would be no requirement of developing a hypothesis to respond to research questions
(Grzonka, et. al., 2018).
Research type
In this dissertation, causal research would be used to assess the cause and effect relationship
between two variables i.e. artificial intelligence and Civil Defence in Dubai. This research tool
would be effective for providing depth information regarding research issues. It would also aids
to gather the actual and real phenomenon regarding artificial intelligence and its implications on
the safety and security of the public (Loreggia, et. al., 2018).

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Research strategy
In this investigation, survey through questionnaire research strategies would be implemented by
the investigator. This strategy would make competent to an investigator for gathering a large
number of data associated with artificial intelligence and its implications on the safety and
security of the public. Survey through questionnaire strategy would make competent to the
investigator to gather the information in minimum time with low expenses. It will also improve
the authenticity of the investigation between civil defense in Dubai (Xu, et. al., 2016).
Sample
In this dissertation, a probability sampling method would be used to choose the sample from a
large number of populations. Since, it provides equal chances of being selected to the
participants. In this sampling technique, simple random probability sampling will be selected
where participants would be selected randomly from the high amount of population. This could
be beneficial for avoiding the biases from research. With the purpose of this dissertation study,
200 people will be selected as a sample size that uses Artificial intelligence to keep safety and
security in Dubai, UAE (Baggett, and Simpkins, 2018).
Data collection methods
In this research, both primary and secondary data collection method would be used for assessing
the data about the research issues. In this way, primary data would be used for gathering first
hand, and innovative information regarding research issues. Primary data would be pooled via
several sources such as survey through questionnaire and interview. In opposed to this,
secondary data would be gathered via sources that are already published in the market. These
sources would be journal articles, books, articles, online websites, and academic and government

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publication (Siau, and Wang, 2018). Both data collection method would be beneficial for
obtaining the feasible result associated with research objectives.
Research limitation
In the procedure of investigation, an investigator would face different problems that might
adversely influence the investigation and affect the research outcomes. In such a way, data
access, money and time are key constraints that could limit the investigation in terms of
obtaining reliable and valuable results. Under the investigation, the minimum time for
conducting the investigation may adversely affect the research study with reference to pooling a
sufficient amount of information through several sources associated with research concern.
Moreover, money is another limitation that may adversely affect the investigator for making an
authentic investigation in this field (Paradkar, and Sharma, 2015). Due to less funding, an
investigator would be unable to go through the different category of data resources and unable to
acquire facts from different geographical locations of Dubai. It could also limit the validity and
trustworthiness of investigation between key stakeholders.
7. Ethical issues
In this research, the researcher can face different ethical issues such as plagiarism, in-text
citation, and privacy. Hence, the researcher will use privacy act to keep the confidentiality and
secrecy of participants. Furthermore, the researcher will give an in-text citation in each-
paragraph for increasing the authenticity of the research. An investigator would take earlier
consent through research participant to gather the primary information associated with research
concern. By using this, an investigator would be competent for gathering the information through
research respondents in depth. It is supportive for the investigator to keep the trustworthiness of
facts and figures significantly (Hengstler, Enkel, and Duelli, 2016). In contrast to this, an

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investigator has informed the approached associated with privacy such as their confidential data
will not be revealed after and at the time of the investigation.
Risk considerations
There is a certain risk associated with investigation such as biases in research, a privacy research,
and fake outcome. It could affect the research outcome and creates complexity in the attainment
of research results (Bryson, and Winfield, 2017).
8. Assumed Outcomes
This investigation would aid the investigator for generating the depth understanding regarding
the artificial intelligence and its implications on the safety and security of the public. This
investigation proposal would be effective for existing and new corporation as it creates the
knowledge regarding safety and security measures of the Civil defense in Dubai, United Arab
Emirates. It would be also beneficial for the public to effectively use artificial intelligence with
the purpose of safety and security.
9. Implications
In this research, there are some limitations and risk that directly affect the research outcome.
Hence, the researcher should focus on the ways to avoiding it. Furthermore, the researcher can
use more than 200 participants for gathering the depth information about research in the future. It
can also use more secondary sources in further research to acquire more accurate outcomes (He,
et. al., 2016).
10. Expected Timescale
Activities, which would be attained Initial
Day
Last
Day
Durati
on
(Days)

DOCTORATE PROPOSAL 11
Selection of appropriate research concern 09-10-
18
12-10-
18
4
Development of purpose and objective of investigations 13-10-
18
23-10-
18
10
Gathering data via survey through questionnaire and literature
review
24-10-
18
24-11-
18
30
Framing the questionnaire 25-11-
18
06-12-
18
12
Selecting the right sample size from the targeted population by using
feasible sample tool
07-12-
18
31-12-
18
24
Assessment of data with findings 01-01-
19
15-01-
19
15
Report writing and final report making 16-01-
19
05-02-
19
20
Submission of report 06-02-
19
28-02-
19
22
Chart 1: Gantt chart

DOCTORATE PROPOSAL 12
Selection of appropriate research concern
Development of purpose and objective of investigations
Gathering data via survey through questionnaire and
literature review
Framing the questionnaire
Selecting the right sample size from targeted population by
using feasible sample tool
Assessment of data with findings
Report writing and final report making
Submission of report
09-10-18
13-10-18
24-10-18
25-11-18
07-12-18
01-01-19
16-01-19
06-02-19
4
10
30
12
24
15
20
22
Gantt chart
Initial Day
Duration (Days)
(See: exhibit 1)
As per the above scheduling, it can be illustrated that obtaining survey through questionnaire and
gathering the information through secondary information will take more time as compared to
other activities.

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References
Bostrom, N. and Yudkowsky, E., 2018. The Ethics of Artificial Intelligence. In Artificial
Intelligence Safety and Security (pp. 57-69). UK: Chapman and Hall/CRC.
Russell, S., Dewey, D. and Tegmark, M., 2015. Research priorities for robust and beneficial
artificial intelligence. Ai Magazine, 36(4), pp.105-114.
Parker, L.E., 2018. Creation of the National Artificial Intelligence Research and Development
Strategic Plan. AI Magazine, 39(2), pp.10-11.
Portugal, D., Santos, M.A., Pereira, S. and Couceiro, M.S., 2018. On the security of robotic
applications using ROS. In Artificial Intelligence Safety and Security (pp. 273-289). UK:
Chapman and Hall/CRC.
Sotala, K., 2018. Disjunctive scenarios of catastrophic AI risk. In Artificial Intelligence Safety
and Security (pp. 315-337). UK: Chapman and Hall/CRC.
Scherer, M.U., 2015. Regulating artificial intelligence systems: Risks, challenges, competencies,
and strategies. Harv. JL & Tech., 29(2), p.353.
Warwick, K., 2018. Smart Machines ARE a Threat to Humanity. In Artificial Intelligence Safety
and Security (pp. 423-430). UK: Chapman and Hall/CRC.
Drexler, K.E., 2018. MDL Intelligence Distillation: Exploring strategies for safe access to
superintelligent problem-solving capabilities. In Artificial Intelligence Safety and Security (pp.
75-88). UK: Chapman and Hall/CRC.
Boden, M., Bryson, J., Caldwell, D., Dautenhahn, K., Edwards, L., Kember, S., Newman, P.,
Parry, V., Pegman, G., Rodden, T. and Sorrell, T., 2017. Principles of robotics: regulating robots
in the real world. Connection Science, 29(2), pp.124-129.

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Loo, J., Mauri, J.L. and Ortiz, J.H. eds., 2016. Mobile ad hoc networks: current status and future
trends. UK: CRC Press.
Grzonka, D., Jakobik, A., Kołodziej, J. and Pllana, S., 2018. Using a multi-agent system and
artificial intelligence for monitoring and improving cloud performance and security. Future
Generation Computer Systems, 86, pp.1106-1117.
Loreggia, A., Mattei, N., Rossi, F. and Venable, K.B., 2018. Value alignment via tractable
preference distance. In Artificial Intelligence Safety and Security (pp. 249-261). UK: Chapman
and Hall/CRC.
Xu, K., Wang, X., Wei, W., Song, H. and Mao, B., 2016. Toward software defined smart home.
IEEE Communications Magazine, 54(5), pp.116-122.
Baggett, R.K. and Simpkins, B.K., 2018. Homeland security and critical infrastructure
protection. UK: ABC-CLIO.
Siau, K. and Wang, W., 2018. Building Trust in Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and
Robotics. Cutter Business Technology Journal, 31(2), pp.47-53.
Paradkar, A. and Sharma, D., 2015. All in one Intelligent Safety System for Women Security.
International Journal of Computer Applications, 130(11), pp.33-40.
Hengstler, M., Enkel, E. and Duelli, S., 2016. Applied artificial intelligence and trust—The case
of autonomous vehicles and medical assistance devices. Technological Forecasting and Social
Change, 105 (2), pp.105-120.
Bryson, J. and Winfield, A., 2017. Standardizing ethical design for artificial intelligence and
autonomous systems. Computer, 50(5), pp.116-119.
He, H., Maple, C., Watson, T., Tiwari, A., Mehnen, J., Jin, Y. and Gabrys, B., 2016, July. The
security challenges in the IoT enabled cyber-physical systems and opportunities for evolutionary

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computing & other computational intelligence. In Evolutionary Computation (CEC), 2016 IEEE
Congress on (pp. 1015-1021). UK: IEEE.
Srivastava, S., Bisht, A. and Narayan, N., 2017, January. Safety and security in smart cities using
artificial intelligence—A review. In Cloud Computing, Data Science & Engineering-Confluence,
2017 7th International Conference on (pp. 130-133). UK: IEEE.

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Appendix
Exhibit 1:
Selection of appropriate research concern
Development of purpose and objective of investigations
Gathering data via survey through questionnaire and
literature review
Framing the questionnaire
Selecting the right sample size from targeted population by
using feasible sample tool
Assessment of data with findings
Report writing and final report making
Submission of report
09-10-18
13-10-18
24-10-18
25-11-18
07-12-18
01-01-19
16-01-19
06-02-19
4
10
30
12
24
15
20
22
Gantt chart
Initial Day
Duration (Days)