Migrant Slave Trade in Libya: Assessing the Relevance of Human Trafficking

This article discusses the relevance of human trafficking in the context of the migrant slave trade in Libya. It explores the criminal structure and organized crime involved in human trafficking, focusing on the various forms of exploitation and the challenges in identifying and addressing this global issue.

Assessment

Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
BACKGROUND.............................................................................................................................1
Discussion........................................................................................................................................2
Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................4
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................6

INTRODUCTION
Trafficking is considered as the serious crime and also undertaken as the grave violation
of human rights as it tends to include thousands of men, woman and children who fall for the
hands of traffickers and transported to their own country and abroad (Kiss and Zimmerman,
2019). Due to this, humans are negatively impacted by trafficking in terms of being victimised.
Trafficking is majorly done at world wide and for this, it is important to raise awareness
regarding the transactional organised crime by highlighting the various key threats that are being
faced regarding human trafficking in terms of leading concern. Besides this, the purpose of
human trafficking is towards the sexual exploitation, forced labour, domestic servitude, child
begging and so on. Therefore, the specific topic is related with Migrant slave trade in Libya and
it leads to cover the significant concept of organised crime and criminal structure by assessing
the relevance of human trafficking.
BACKGROUND
Trafficking is considered as the smuggling of migrants of various crimes which is
required for the various responses for the effective laws which is covered under the Protocol
supplements for the organised crime convention (Farrell and et.al,2019). Along with this,
smuggling for migrants is prominently vulnerable in terms of becoming victims of trafficking
and for this, it is important to understand regarding the investigators and prosecutors to design
effective approaches for effective prevention of crime and response towards the criminal justice.
In regard of this, the organised crime derives form the notion and related with the concern with
the organised crime considering the effective concepts. Despite from this, Libya is the main
transit point for the refugees and migrants that tries get job for them and reach towards Europe
by sea. Moreover, in Libya trafficking in human beings was criminalised in 2004 and after that
develop trafficking legislations for the large extent which is opted by United Nations.
They also prevent, suppress and punish trafficking for human beings especially for the
children and women. Despite from this, human trafficking is the modern slavery and also the
global issue across the world (Dank and et.al, 2019). For this, victims of trafficking found for the
wide range of illegal and legal business that rapidly hide major population in terms of
exploitation for commercial sex sector, hotels, child labour, agriculture and others. It is majorly
done by known people and marriage brokers as human trafficking tends to impact the
1

underserved females and children as there are around 70% trafficking cases in which girls and
women are involved and more than 90% of the victims are put into the sex industry.
Along with this, many trafficked human beings are presented as the outpatient obstetrics,
community health centres, urgent care place, adolescents medicine clinics for the female victims
of sex trafficking tends to visit the emergency unit who are being involved in sex trafficking
(Cockbain and Bowers, 2019). Therefore, in human trafficking human beings are transported,
recruited and transfer for improper mean including forced labour or sexual exploitation. It also
tends to take form regarding the domestic servitude, sex trafficking, forced labour, bonded
labour, forced marriage and child labour.
Discussion
It is analysed from the views of sFarrell, and de Vries, (2020), Human trafficking consists of the
usage of fraud, force and cohesion for obtaining some kind of commercial sex act. There are
several people including men women and children who are trafficked worldwide. This problem
is even existing in developed nations like US. Traffickers are using manipulation, violence and
false promises of well paying jobs or romantic relationships in order to lure victims into
trafficking conditions or situations. There are language barriers, fear of their traffickers and fear
of law enforcement which are seeking for making human trafficking a hidden crime. There are
several traffickers who are looking for people who can be susceptible for different causes. The
traffickers cause trauma to people and they do not able to identify themselves as victim or ask for
help in public (Peck, 2020).
The main reason of human trafficking yes adverse circumstances of origin country which
includes political dissension, religious persecution, lack of employment opportunities, natural
disasters, poverty, wars. Globalization is another cause of human trafficking and it has increased
standard of living in developing countries and this requires growth of global economy.
There are several types of exploitation because of human trafficking as it is the most prevalent
form. There is recruitment and transport of people into international sex industry. There are
several males, females and children who are first into pornography, prostitution, sex related
occupations which has resulted in creating life of these individuals miserable (Vollinger,and
Campbell, 2020). Victims of sexual slavery are manipulated into thinking that they have to work
in this industry in legitimate form. These people are exposed to inhuman and fatal conditions.
There are some countries including Nepal, India and Ghana which are having form of human
2

trafficking which is known as religion based slavery. In this, young girls are provided as sexual
slaves for saving family members from sins.
There are several misconception switch exist in regards to human trafficking and crime. There
are some key indicators of human trafficking which are useful for identification off victims.
Trafficking in individuals or person is known as acquisition of people by improper means. A
main problem which is associated with human trafficking is smuggling of migrants and right
includes procurement for financial or other benefits. People are bribed for benefits of getting jobs
in different countries and they are forced to indulge in to prostitution, crime, theft, etcetera. It is
challenge for various countries whether developed or developing to target various criminals who
are exploiting people. Victims of trafficking and smuggled migrants have to be focused upon in
order to protect them. The United Nations entity is emphasizing upon criminal justice element of
these type of crime , it is responsibility of all countries to focus upon these crime. There is a
global action for preventing and addressing trafficking among person and smuggling of migrants
(Menon, B. and et.al, 2020). GLO Act is implemented in partnership with United Nations
children fund UNICEF and organization for migration IOM for managing the case of trafficking
and migrant smuggling. The global action against trafficking in person and smuggling of
migrants is a four year plan and main motive of this is to implement within partnership with
international organization and solve various migrant problems. The human trafficking
knowledge portal is another initiative which is taken for facilitating the dissemination of
information associated with UN Convention against transnational organised crime. This portal
hosts a case law database on officially documented court cases which are associated with
trafficking of people. The smuggling of migrants knowledge portal is useful for managing the
problems associated with protocol against smuggling of migrants. Another initiative which is
interagency coordination group against trafficking in person ICAT is a policy forum given by
UN General Assembly for improving coordination among international organizations and UN
agencies. Main motive of these is to facilitate a comprehensive and holistic approach for
combating and preventing trafficking in person. There's another initiative bridges voluntary trust
funds for victims off trafficking and this provides explanation for legal, humanitarian and
financial aid for helping victims of human trafficking. Main objective of these type of initiatives
is to give people suffering from human trafficking a help from government, private sector, NGOs
and individuals.
3

The concept of human trafficking yes associated with trafficking in people which can be in form
of modern day slavery consisting of illegal transport of individuals by force or deception. People
are involved in trafficking and forcing people for Labour, sexual exploitation or activities which
are providing benefits in financial manner (Binu, Mathew and Mordeson, 2019). Human
trafficking is becoming a global problem and people of all ages are affected by this. According to
the statistics, it has been estimated that approximately 10,00,000 people are trafficked every year
in global level. More than 50,000 cases are from United States which is one of the largest
destination for sex trafficking trade. Human trafficking has become an international phenomena
and UN government is taking strict actions for controlling the human trafficking activities.
Basically there are three categories of trafficking- Labour trafficking, sex trafficking and
removal of organs. Trafficking is the activity in which person is engaged into sex trade,
harbouring, transportation or Labour service. There are several transnational routes for
transporting migrants. There are several people from poor countries who are given offer off job
opportunities and they are brought to forced Labour or sex workers. Human trafficking has
started from some well known countries naming Europe, Asia, Africa. These countries have a
huge network of human trafficking which is operated through Internet, employment agencies,
local Contacts and media. There are several middle men who are recruiting within original
countries and sharing cultural background of people who are migrating (Greenbaum and
Stoklosa, 2019). There are few circumstances which make difficulty for victims to obtain
legitimate travel documents. Smugglers provide fraud passports or visa and provide them
suggestions to avoid detection by border control agents. There are several transporters who
sustain the migration process by various mode of transportation including air, sea and land.
There are few individuals who are kidnapped but there bribed by false job opportunities, visa,
passport. The transporters involved within trafficking victims are brought from origin country
and these are compensated after they have taken migrants to the destination country (Sinha,
Tashakor and Pinto, 2019). There are several victims who are first into Labour or the sex trade
which has to pay off the migratory Debts.
Conclusion
From the above discussion, it is clear that the problem of human trafficking is increasing
worldwide. This is responsibility of government to make strict actions to control the activities of
human trafficking and migrant smuggling. Those facing economic deprivation, lack of a social
4

safety net, natural disasters, or political turmoil are people who are vulnerable to trafficking.
Human trafficking impacts women and girls overwhelmingly, accounting for as many as 60 per
cent of all trafficked victims, and 99 percent including all sexual abuse. Furthermore, area
colleges and college services offer approved diplomas and certificates that could not be offered
by in-house services. Throughout the future, such nationally recognised certification makes
recipients more attractive to employers. Trafficking requires the transfer of anyone into an
exploitative situation. These include slave labour, coercion, adultery, and destruction of organs.
Some very distinct labels are recognised for this exploitation—"human trafficking," "child
trafficking, "and" industrial bondage "have become the examples recognized by the US State
Department. This was believed anywhere between 1.5 million and 20 thousand strong are still
trapped in modern day slavery worldwide. It is impossible to determine the true extent of sex
trafficking and incidents too frequently go unreported, something referred to by the United
Nations as "the silent figure. Researchers estimate that only around .04 percent of sex trafficking
survivors are reported worldwide, indicating that perhaps the future of human trafficking
incidents go completely unnoticed. Trafficking gains smugglers about $1 trillion a week in
investment on growth, of which $99 billion arises from sexual exploitation. Commercial human
trafficking is not just slavery, but it's also a lucrative business. It is the world's fastest-growing
criminal gangs industry and the third-largest criminal enterprise.2 Much organized crime is
regional, with victims abducted by places including southern Asia, the soviet bloc, Central and
South America, and other developed regions, like Asia , the Middle East, Western Europe, and
eastern Europe, and transferred toward more remote regions. Even worse, though, there is also
global sex trafficking.4 The United States not only faces increasing explosion of migrant
migrants, it even has its own localized phenomenon of regional forced prostitution in children.
5

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Kiss, L. and Zimmerman, C., 2019. Human trafficking and labor exploitation: Toward
identifying, implementing, and evaluating effective responses.
Farrell, A., Dank, M., Kafafian, M., Lockwood, S., Pfeffer, R., Hughes, A. and Vincent, K.,
2019. Capturing human trafficking victimization through crime reporting. Washington,
DC: US Department of Justice.
Cockbain, E. and Bowers, K., 2019. Human trafficking for sex, labour and domestic servitude:
how do key trafficking types compare and what are their predictors?. Crime, Law and
Social Change, 72(1), pp.9-34.
Farrell, A. and de Vries, I., 2020. Measuring the nature and prevalence of human trafficking. The
Palgrave international handbook of human trafficking, pp.147-162.
Peck, J.L., 2020. Human trafficking of children: nurse practitioner knowledge, beliefs, and
experience supporting the development of a practice guideline: part two. Journal of
Pediatric Health Care, 34(2), pp.177-190.
Vollinger, L. and Campbell, R., 2020. Youth Service Provision and Coordination among
Members of a Regional Human Trafficking Task Force. Journal of Interpersonal
Violence, p.0886260520961868.
Menon, B., Stoklosa, H., Van Dommelen, K., Awerbuch, A., Caddell, L., Roberts, K. and Potter,
J., 2020. Informing human trafficking clinical care through two systematic reviews on
sexual assault and intimate partner violence. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 21(5), pp.932-
945.
Binu, M., Mathew, S. and Mordeson, J.N., 2019. Connectivity index of a fuzzy graph and its
application to human trafficking. Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 360, pp.117-136.
Greenbaum, J. and Stoklosa, H., 2019. The healthcare response to human trafficking: A need for
globally harmonized ICD codes. PLoS medicine, 16(5), p.e1002799.
Sinha, R., Tashakor, E. and Pinto, C., 2019. Identifying victims of human trafficking in central
Pennsylvania: A survey of health-care professionals and students. Journal of human
trafficking, 5(2), pp.165-175.
6