Assessing Health Population

This report focuses on the local health profile of Newham communities, addressing issues of deprivation, life expectancy, illness, and inaccessibility of healthcare services.

Assessing Health Population

Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................1
Background......................................................................................................................................1
Community Health Problem............................................................................................................2
Deprivation..................................................................................................................................2
Health and well-being needs........................................................................................................3
Implications of the Findings............................................................................................................5
Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................7
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................8

Introduction
The present report is focused on the local health profile of Newham communities, who are at
greater risk to live poor quality of life. The purpose behind conducted this study is to entail the
issues faced by people of mentioned area, in terms of deprivation, life expectancy, illness and in-
accessibility of healthcare services (Wolfe and et. al., 2019). For this assistance, a detail analysis
is done on demographic challenges also, to understand the health and well-being needs of this
local area of England, by making a comparison with other areas. A number of secondary
resources such as government census report, public health profiles and more, is taken under
considerations.
Background
Community health needs assessment (CHNA) is mainly prepared to access the well-being
state of people who are living in a particular area. It provides ways to analyse as well as prioritise
the health needs of community, including the plan and actions required for meet the same (Finer
and et. al., 2020). It also refers as a process of collecting and analysing information from
numerous sources, for developing strategies to make improvement in well-being state of people.
But before to make such assessment, it is essential to understand the concept of community
health profile, which refers to comprehensive compilation of information, by compiling data of
one community to others. For gathering such information about needs and well-being state of
community, methods like public health monitoring and surveillance, can be used. Surveillance
according to WHO, can be defined as systematic and continuous collection of health related
information (Roe, Mazor and Gelkopf, 2019). In developing or developed countries like UK,
strong public health surveillance system allows public health authorities, for accessing and
prioritising the community needs, to increase their life expectancy. Health profile of community
and assessment related to their issues, also give support to policy makers for allocating resources
of their unmet needs, effectively.
Newham is one of the highly deprived boroughs of England, which has high rates of
deprivation (poverty by age, ethnic group, intensity and more). This would deeply affect the
children and its population of older age. Along with this, as compared with other boroughs of
England, it has reported that life-expectancy of people of Newham is much lower, due to high
intensity of poverty (Oatt, 2019). It shows evidences of existence regarding with health and well-
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being issues faced by local communities of this borough. However, it has diverse and young age
of working population, that significantly shows well-being state. Therefore, it seems to be
important for reviewing and addressing every single factor like life expectancy of people (male,
female and children), demographic challenges associated with poverty and deprivation, etc. This
would help in preparing Community Health Needs Assessment, by compiling data and interpret
results (Martin and et. al., 2018). It aids local government and service providers to assess health
needs and issues faced by communities of Newham. In addition to this, after evaluating the
health profile of this borough, action plan could be made to address unmet need of this
community.
Community Health Problem
Health of local communities of Newham is continuously varied as compared with other
boroughs of England. It is also considered one of the most deprived districts, where around 20%
of children are living in families of low income (Marshall and et. al., 2019). To assess the health
needs of this area, following health profile of local communities are being analysed –
Deprivation
The word Deprivation means shortage of materials benefits that damages the basic or
fundamental necessities within a society. It can be measured generally, in terms of employment
rate, level of education, housing, health status and more (Wolfe and et. al., 2019). For example –
low wages indicate that higher number of populations are suffering from serious deprivation. In
context with Newham (a borough of England), as per Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD), it
has evaluated that it is third most deprived city of this country, where poverty seems to be much
high and continuously growing due to increase in unemployment rate. Along with this, child
poverty is one of the concerned problem within Newham, where more than 27% of children have
been reported to be living in poor condition. The household earning of such families is less than
sixty percent as compared to median earnings (Roe, Mazor and Gelkopf, 2019). With regards to
housing in this city, it has further reported that it is ranked bottom in terms of household
proportion in England. According to the Government Census report of 2011, household within
Newham is of three persons in average, that was higher as compared to average in Wales and
England. In addition to this, around 27% of houses are found as per the same report, in standard
living condition (Martin and et. al., 2018). But, homeless refers to the major issue causes that
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raise poverty in Newham, as per statistical report, there 1.1 homeless households as per thousand
ones. While risk factors within deprived areas of Newham, that causes health issues for
community members include prevalence of smoking, alcohol-related conditions, less
engagement in physical activities etc. All these factors decrease life expectancy of people living
in deprived areas as compared with least deprived ones, which further increases health
inequalities among local and regional communities.
Health and well-being needs
Issues which are associated with health and greatest problem for population of Newham is
related with its demographic challenges. Well-being state of community is much poor and life
expectancy is also reported much lower as compared to average England population. It could be
linked mostly with poor employment rate as well as poverty of communication living in this
borough (Marsh and Howatson, 2020). Mortality rate of population of age over 75 is mostly due
to older health problems like diabetes, arthritis and more. But among these diseases,
cardiovascular is remained as major cause behind deaths of older population, where according to
report of 2016-18, 30% of older people are dead due to this factor. In the same context, cancer
and respiratory diseases, also responsible for over 25% and 12% deaths simultaneously in
Newham population (Local Authority Health Profile, 2019). Along with such non-communicable
diseases, there numerous risk factors are present that causes older age problems and reduces life
expectancy of local communities of this borough. It includes smoking, excessive consumption of
alcoholic drinks, obesity, less nutritional or proper diet, high blood pressure and more. In
addition to this, diverse ethnicity also causes increase in high rate of cardiovascular disease that
leads to raise mortality death rate of older people (Killaspy and et. al., 2019).
As per opinion of Firman and et. al. (2019), it has identified that burden of this serious
disease i.e. cardiovascular is varied by ethnicity, especially within those people who come from
outside countries. People who are migrated to Western countries from South Asian ones, have
are at higher risk of coronary heart disease. Along with this, socioeconomic deprivation, poor
health literacy and organizational barriers increases mental stress and causes CVD issues like
heart failure with growing age of Newham population (Jani and et. al., 2020). Therefore,
ethnicity or diverse population is the major risk factor which causes high rate of cardiovascular
disease within its population. Furthermore, genetics and dietary factors has a link with some
ethnic groups in this borough, which trigger heart issues in them.
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Through strong surveillance system, it has identified that there is a positive correlation
between CVD and diabetes and CVD. Hereby, considering the health profile of Newham, it has
evaluated that most of the children (27.7%) are suffered from obesity issues (Local Authority
Health Profile, 2019). Therefore, excessive level of glucose, low level of secretion of insulin,
metabolites in circulation, etc. results in inducing the toxic effects on vascular endothelium,
which causes lipid abnormalities, endothelium dysfunction and inflammation (Ford and
McManus, 2020). It has further evaluated that obesity which further leads to cause diabetes is
more prevalent within socioeconomic deprivation areas of Newham. Moreover, mortality rate of
diabetic people in this borough is relatively higher as compared to the England average.
Apart from diabetic, obesity and cardiovascular disease, where ethnicity is being the major
risk factor for high mortality rate in Newham, it has identified that people of this borough also
face health issue due to respiratory disease (Wolfe and et. al., 2019). Although it remains
unexplained but as per surveillance study, it has identified that ethnicity is also associated with
COPD i.e. chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder which leads to chronic respiratory disease. It
is mainly caused due to active and passive chain smokers within Newham, so, it increases issues
of respiratory diseases among population with their growing age. It further, leads to increase
higher mortality death rate, as compared to average England population (Marsh and Howatson,
2020). Thus, through all these facts it has interpreted that social and economic consequences
regarding with long-term illnesses (such as cardiovascular disease, obesity, respiratory disease,
diabetes and stress, decreased life expectancy of Newham communities.
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Implications of the Findings
It has been evaluated from all over analysis that Newham in England, is considered as the
most deprived area, having the large population. Historically, it has high rates of mortality due to
cardiovascular disease and respiratory issues, as compared with other areas of London. The
health profile data of Newham shows that occurrence of all risk factors is mainly caused due to
low level of education, where ethnic communities are not much aware about consequences of
smoking, drinking and other bad habits, which decreases their life expectancy. Therefore, after
analysing the health implications of Newham’s local community members, the following data
has been collected, for preparing Community Health needs assessment –
Table 1: Comparison of Life expectancy of Newham communities with England, London and
whole UK population
Cities/Countries Male life expectancy Female life expectancy
UK 82.3 78.2
England 82.6 78.6
London 83.3 79.0
Newham 81.1 76.2
Table 2: Deprivation
Indicators Newham England
IMD score 32.9 21.8
People getting tested benefits
households
68,013 7,790,220
People age above 60 and live
in pension credit
12,340 1,954,617
Children lives in income
deprived households
20,673 2,016,120
Income deprivation 21.7 14.6
Older people within deprived
areas
41 16.2
Child poverty 28.8 19.9
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Table 3: Long-term morbidity and conditions (%)
Indicators Newham England
Long-term illness (2011) 13.9 17.6
Children having excessive
weight
23.5 22.4
Obese children at reception
year
12.4 9.5
Obese children within 6 to 10
years of age group
27.2 20
Thus, from all these statistical report which is conducted through surveillance and
monitoring of public health, it has evaluated that health issues of Newham people is much
serious as compared with other cities of England. People of all age are facing a number of health
problems, especially due to ethnicity (Oatt, 2019). Communities living within deprived areas of
Newham are more likely to face old age consequences, which further leads to reduce their life-
expectancy. Along with this, due to living in low wage families, it becomes much difficult for
children to get easily accessibility of meeting their educational needs. This would highly create
difficulties for them to get desired employment, which further leads to increase employment
rates as well. They also face lack of nutritional food, not engages in physical activities, that
results in increasing obesity issues (Finer and et. al., 2020). They also become addicted at early
age as active chain smokers and alcoholic consumptions. So, such factors further lead to generate
consequences of long-term health issues, like diabetes, respiratory diseases, cardiovascular
problems, arthritis and more, as well as increases mortality rates also. Therefore, this health
profile of vulnerable people indicates that service providers and government needs to prioritize
their needs, as well as take actions to addressed the same also. They must concern on minimizing
the mortality which is associated with poor health, low wages and deprivation in Newham (Roe,
Mazor and Gelkopf, 2019). Furthermore, population growth, unemployment and poverty are
some of the additional factors that have impacted on the health of Newham people.
Furthermore, through perception of Firman and et. al. (2019), it has evaluated that the rate
for patients who are alcohol-related harm as per hospital admissions is around 545 and about
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1469 annually, which is relatively better than the England average (Jani and et. al., 2020). While
rate for self-harm in Newham hospital admissions is near about 73 or 280 per year, consider as
again better as compared with other regions. But estimated levels of the physically active people
aged over 19 are however, worsen. In addition to this, hip fractures rates in old age people over
65, with serious injury cases especially on roads however, seems better. But cases related to new
sexually transmitted infections, tuberculosis and other chronic diseases from past few years are
worst (Martin and et. al., 2018). Therefore, measuring the life expectancy of Newham people
especially of deprived areas, is 6.6 years less for men, while 5.5 years approx. lower for women.
Government should create more job opportunities that will help to reduce the poverty and
maintain a standard quality life. Public health polices, plans and strategies need to be
implemented to solve the major issues of premature death and infectious diseases. Some of these
approaches could be encouraging people for routine vaccinations for major infectious diseases
such as measles, tuberculosis and hepatitis (Wolfe and et. al., 2019). Moreover, to minimize the
deaths associated with cardiovascular disease, people should be encouraged to quit smoking, eat
healthy diet, perform daily physical exercise and advise ways to control diabetes and high blood
pressure.
Conclusion
After making report on two health profile of Newham based on healthcare needs and
deprivations, it has been analysed that it has limited the main objective of the study, which is to
conduct a detailed analysis on reasons of decreasing life-expectancy of this city. These two
profiles shows only factors that increases health-issues of its community. But what interventions
have been taken yet by health-services providers and government, has not been revealed. For this
purpose, to conduct a better analysis, there is a requirement to concern on other health profiles
also. It includes employment and economic status of communities, population in Newham in
terms of size, religion, ethnicity and age, so that better assessment report can be prepared.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Finer, S. and et. al., 2020. Cohort Profile: East London Genes & Health (ELGH), a community-
based population genomics and health study in British Bangladeshi and British Pakistani
people. International journal of epidemiology. 49(1). pp.20-21i.
Firman, N. and et. al., 2019. How complete, representative and accurate is recording of child
BMI in electronic general practice records? A record linkage study. International Journal
of Population Data Science. 4(3).
Ford, T. and McManus, S., 2020. Prevalence: are two-fifths of young people really
‘abnormal’?. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 216(1). pp.58-58.
Jani, A. and et. al., 2020. Investing resources to address social factors affecting health: the
essential role of social prescribing. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 113(1).
pp.24-27.
Killaspy, H. and et. al., 2019. Predictors of moving on from mental health supported
accommodation in England: national cohort study. The British Journal of Psychiatry,
pp.1-7.
Marsh, A. J. and Howatson, K., 2020. Education, health and care plans and tribunals in England:
A statistical tale from 2019. British Educational Research Journal.
Marshall, K. and et. al., 2019. Integrated psychological care in paediatric hospital settings:
Determining implementation success. International Journal of Integrated Care
(IJIC), 19.
Martin, A. and et. al., 2018. Delivery and impact of the NHS health check in the first 8 years: a
systematic review. British Journal of General Practice. 68(672). pp.e449-e459.
Oatt, P., 2019. Selective Licensing: The Basis for a Collaborative Approach to Addressing
Health Inequalities. Routledge.
Roe, D., Mazor, Y. and Gelkopf, M., 2019. Patient-reported outcome measurements (PROMs)
and provider assessment in mental health: a systematic review of the context of
implementation. International Journal for Quality in Health Care.
Wolfe, I. and et. al., 2019. Implementing and Evaluating the CYPHP Evelina London new care
model to improve health, healthcare quality, and patterns of service use among children
and young people. International Journal of Integrated Care. 19(4).
Online
Local Authority Health Profile, 2019. [Online] Available Through:<
https://fingertips.phe.org.uk/static-reports/health-profiles/2019/e09000025.html?area-
name=newham>.
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