Table of Contents INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3 MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................4 P1 Organisation's culture, politics and power influence the individual and team behaviour and their performances...........................................................................................................................4 P2 Content and process theories of Motivation:.........................................................................6 P3 Explaining what makes an effective team as opposed to an ineffective team.......................9 P4 Concepts and philosophy of organizational behaviour:......................................................11 CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................13 REFERENCE.................................................................................................................................15
INTRODUCTION Organizationbehaviouristhestudyofbehaviourofhumaninthesettingof an organization,encircleamongorganization and human behaviourand the company itself. It includes people who are working for big company or organization, who they work, behave, think etc., it directly impacts theinteraction with employee,performance in job,job commitment leadership and managerial styles. Sainsbury isthe largest chain of thesupermarketin United Kingdom. The company has its market share in the supermarket share is 15.3%. Itwas established by theJohn James Sainsbury in 1869. The company has its hypermarkets or superstores, supermarkets, forecourt shopsandconvenience.SubsidiariesofthecompanyareSainsbury'ssupermarketsLtd., Sainsbury's bank, Sainsbury's Local, Argos, Habitat and Nectar.Abovestudy is conducted on the analysationof the organization's politics, culture and power which is influenced by individual and the team performance and behaviour.Reportfurther carried froward with theassessmentof process and content theories of the motivation and its motivational techniqueswhich enables effective goal's achievement in organizational context. Explanation formaking the effective team as opposing to the ineffective team.Reportends withutilizationofphilosophies and conceptsof the organizationbehaviouramong the organizational contextand provided situation of business.
MAIN BODY P1 Organisation's culture, politics and power influence the individual and team behaviour and their performances The different culture, power and politics of the organisation greatly influence the individual and company's team behaviour and their performances. There are various type of organisationalculturesuchascompetitivecompanyculture,controlled,creativeand collaborative company culture affect thecompany's working environment and their employee's performances (Leeand et.al., 2019). In the today's business environment, the variations in culture, power and politics creates their major impacts on the company's operations or functions. They influence day to day activities and operations and also affect the atmosphere within the Sainsbury's company. It can alter the structure of company and generate diverse results for the organisation. The work effectiveness, work specialization, centralization etc. depends on the positive work culture, power and politics of the organisation. Organisational culture creates their different effect on company's employees or workers. The changing culture can reduce the performance of team members and also decrease company's profitability. Sainsbury's company needs to maintain an effective culture, power and politics in theirorganisationthatareperfectlysuitableforemployeesandteammembers.Inthe organisation create different culture and policies of different employees than it can create diverse impact on employee performance. Theappropriateorganisationalculturegeneratesimmenseopportunitiesforthe employees to develop unique and attractive products or services. The company should have to take necessary action before changing the organisational culture because it can negatively impact the company's work environment (Stewart, Courtright, and Manz, 2019) Sainsbury's company needs to divide all powers according to the employee's ability and skills, because in the eye of company, their all employees or workers are equal. Company should have to develop a culture where all the employees have power to express their opinion or view in the decision making. The authorities of company have to distribute responsibilities and designations after taking concern about all necessary factors. The diverse politics in the company can also demotivate the employees and depress them towards the business success. Political behaviour of the company's employees generate many opportunitiesto develop their careers and also offers a major
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platforms to express their motives and interest. Power can create an effective leadership in the organisation, that can develop a best path for achieving company's objectives and goals. It can also increase the employees productivity and profitability. Organisational politics means a various activities used with the influence tactics to enhance organisational and personal interest. It can influence the whole internal and external activities of company. The corporate culture of Sainsbury's company in influenced by the political and power elements. The organisational culture also affect by the changing power and political factors. It can also influence the management of company and their decision making. The effective organisational culture will build a strong relationship between the organisation's employees, managers and leaders. It can influences theteam behaviour of company. It can create their major impacts on the decision making strategy. It reduces the interactions employees with the customers or clients (Valle, Kacmar and Zivnuska, 2019). They also create their negative or positive impact also. The effective politics and power encourage the company for bringing new changes in the company like reward system etc. Similarly,thepoliticsalsoinfluencebehaviourofindividualandteam.Thetop management take those decision that are not in favour of some employees. Beside this, sometimes favouritism is done with those who do not perform well. Thus, it impacts on other staff behaviour and their productivity. Individual's working capacity is affected by it as they do not pay attention as well as their work.it affect the working capacity of whole team as is consisting with various individuals of Arcadia group,then the individuals who play politics in the organization also, andthey are not able to understand their role within team. They are not participated actively within the group decision.Leg pulling is done by mostly employees to the other employeesandalso they criticize them. Due to this the relation between team members gets spoiled. The employees started disliking each other and it leads to conflict. Hence, goals and objectives are not attained. Basically, in organisation the culture is described through Handy’s model.Mention below there are four types of culture. Power culture-Here the decision-making power can be held by top-levelmanagers of the firm. Generally, they are top managers or directors. Here, subordinates need to pursue those as they are bound to do so and work at lower level.
Role culture-This is a kind of the culture where firm focusing onthe role as well as responsibilities of the staff membersand as perto the taskandrole positionsthat can be assigned to them. Task cultureHereteam is being formed within the firm to complete the particular task as well as project.This type of culture is mostly preferred by organizations (Love and Kim, 2019). Person culture-The employees of an organization consider themselves as most crucialthan anything, and theycan also share the powerto the employees within theprocess called decision making process. Moreover, when an employee is ready to take more roles, it means he or she will be responsible for many things as well In Sainsbury's role culture is followed. It allows management to assign role to staff according to their position. this allows in maintaining positive culture and providing growth opportunities to all of them equally. Besides, following this culture enable in creating strong relation with manager. Other employees work with more efforts in order to gain more responsibility. Therefore, in improves individual and team efficiency. With it, goals and objectives are accomplished effectively. Alongside, staff confidence is boosted and they are readytotakemorechallengesgoals.Theauthoritiesofcompanyhavetodistribute responsibilities and designations after evaluating performance of individual employees. P2 Content and process theories of Motivation: Content Theory: Content theory refers to thechange in the needs of human beingswith respect to time as the time changes there is a need for the workers at Sainsbury which needs a change in the organization with respect to the changing culture and a need of the development of the workers within the organization. There are various specific characteristics which needs to be changed which can increase the motivation at Sainsbury. These can be evaluated out with the hep of the theories imposed within the organization which can increase the working culture benefiting the organization. Motivation can be better understood by the theory of McGregor theory-X and theory -Y this theory explains evaluation of the understanding the needs of the workers which can be explained by the use of the data and an analysis is carried out to evaluate the needs of the worker
which can keep the intact in the firm and increasing workforce of the organization(DiazGranados and et.al., 2017). Theory X in this explains that the dislikes of the employees which can be generated by the review of the employees which can be evaluated and can be removed. Many of the workers do not want responsibility in the firm and shows lack of confidence and they value job security more than anything else. Theory Y is the theory which is more optimistic in nature.This results that the employees are natural creative and areself motivated and are ready to accept responsibility. This thinking is quiet popular nowadaysand are beneficial for the firm. With the self- empowered works teams becomesthenorms.Whichimprovestheworkingperformanceandbuildagreat workforce(Donesky and et.al., 2019). Herzberg's Motivation-Hygiene theory- This theory is implicated at Sainsbury with the help of this theory more attention is gathered within workplace. This theory is based on two factors one which satisfies employees. This theory relates satisfaction and dissatisfaction. Satisfaction has 5 characteristics: ï‚·Achievement ï‚·Recognition ï‚·Self working ï‚·Responsibility ï‚·Advancement These terms are termed as satisfaction of the workers. These are the motivational terms for the workers if they feel distressed and lack in the motivation and growth, workers are pushed towards the growth through the motivation of these techniques(Driskell, Salas and Driskell, 2018.). Characteristics of dissatisfaction are: ï‚·Company policy and administration ï‚·Supervisor ï‚·improved wages ï‚·Interpersonal relationship
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ï‚·Better Working conditions These are called as hygiene factorswhich are equated with deficiency needs. These factors does not creates motivation but less dissatisfaction is created. Process Theory: Process theory refers to a system of motivation and ideas which explains how the entity changes and develops in the individuals. This can be understood bythe system of ideas which are explained by the variance in dependent variable which are based on one or more independent variable. This theory focuses on why something happens(Lacerenza and et.al., 2018). This theory incudes natural selection and nitrogen cycle. These theory can be better understood by Vroom expectancy theory: This theory emphasize on the process and on the aims to increase the motivation,it comprises of needs, equity and reinforcement theories which are essential for the growth and development of the firm.This depends on how the people choose the form the actions available. Motivation is a process that defines and governs the choices among different alternatives from the behaviours, the decisions carried out by this theory gives desired outcomes. Which helps the workers of Sainsbury to motivate through various processes. This theory works on 3 factors which help in the development of the individuals. Expectancy:improving the capability of the workers by developing the skills which can bring up the motivation in the workers and help them to achieve better for Sainsbury they aim for the motivation of the workers by improving the skills of the workers by various techniques and training carried out at Sainsbury. Instrumentality: This boosts the self esteem of the workers which can help in the development of the workers by increasing the morale and appreciating for the work they carry out. There is a link between the goal and the work carried out. If you work harder the goal will be better accomplished this can be done with the help of the strategic choice of the work carried out appraisal is dependent on the work carried out with the hard work of the workers and the dedication of the workers at Sainsbury. Valence:The amount of work done by the workers and the rewards which are provided to the workers are evaluated in this stage. This defines the success of the workers at Sainsbury, which can help in the better management of the work at Sainsbury by increasing the capability of the work.
All the three values together form a motivation in the employees which help in the development of the individuals which can help in the profit generation of the workers. These motivational theory adds up the contents of the work which are carried out at Sainsbury this motivation can build up the achieveability in the workers. All the three elements which are elaborated above are linked to one another if all three of them are not achieved workers will have zero expectancy. There must be a link between all the three factors which can increase the all round development of the firm. P3 Defining the concept of effective or ineffective team Effective team are the team of individuals who perform a task for one objective in a team so that goals can be achieved in effective manner. Effective team has always using positive way to accomplish the task. In other words, such kind of team has always goal orientedwhich can also be easily modified the effective match of individuals that will perform the task in the best possible manner, effective team individuals are well focused and effectively give the hundred percent to the team outcomes(Duhigg, 2016).Participation and leadership is the two leading characteristics of the effective team which explores the new opportunities for the company. Ineffective team members are opposite from the effective who always create disturbances . Always, Communication between ineffective team has always less due to which many issues has been rise to accomplish the task in Sainsbury. In order to develop the team and manage the effective or ineffective team Sainsbury required to adopt some models which will be given below: Tuck-man Team Development Stages Model Forming :In order to develop ineffective to effective Managers or leaders need to follow the first step which is called forming. First stage towards developing a effective team includes several misunderstanding due to which employees will not clear theirduties & accountability. For that,leaders should listen to their team mates which effectively work in best possible manner teams purpose objectives and external relationship (Bens, 2017).Also, leaders make all team members aware about the company morale. Storming :In Second step of developing a team is the members via maintaining the best relationship goals with other team members,In this stage all employees try to build up the good
relationship between people who might facing high challenges and task. In this step team member start making networks and get clarity in purpose and goals. Norming :Next step towards developing a ineffective team to effective team where all the memberstry to motivate other team members and also focus towards the adapting the new changes. Such business process is become fruitful for the company development gain. In this stageallemployeesagreesandveryclearabouttheirrolesandresponsibilitiesinthe implementing task.In this stage employees start taking small decisions for their team members (Dekker, 2017).Employees behave positively and give respect to their leaders by performing the best changes.Leader facilitates and enables to delegate work as per the team members quality and skills. Performing :In this stage, all team members exactly know what they should need to required to perform for their team members.The focus of this stage is on the achieving the goals and objectives. The team is able to work towards achieving the goals and also to attend to relationship. Disagreements occur in this stage but now at this stage all employees will own manage the issues equally. Monitoring or Adjourning :this is the final stage of the development of the team building model. This stage is the final stage which wind-up the will task and activity and ready to develop a new team with new objectives and task (Srikanth, Harvey and Peterson, 2016). In other words, this stage is all about to break the team or having the good mood to develop new goals and objectives. Belbin Managing team building Model Co-ordinators (CO) :Coordinator leaders arehaving the positive attitude to take all members together to perform a taskdemonstrating procedures, clarifying intended goals & ensuring which everyone should have this skill to coordinate people in most effective way. Resource Investigators :such kind of team members are very extrovert and very adventurous which is helpful to motivate other people at the work pressure environment. Resource investigator are the individual who having such skills to build up the positive network with other peoplewhich being most motivated people around the workplace environment.
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Plants (PL):Plant refers to the introverted people who less talkative but they are creative. They need appreciation, motivation and recognition. This kind leaders wants to work in peace environment (Stewart, ed., 2016). The focus area of such members is they are not powerful to thinkoptimistic, practically to performing a task with taking proper guidance of the protocol. Monitor Evaluators :suchjudgeare morereasonableto performing the task. The strength of such team member are critical thinking outcomes, able to follow up the things. They required full knowledge and data to understand best growing results. They need insight knowledge of the things which creates new information to develop the different opportunity. Shapers (SH):Shapers is the kind of team member or a leader who generate new lead and shape the good working environment. Also, shaper is responsible to develop new working environment and make the things more systematically more growing. Shapers are the good teal leaders which successfully achieve the best growing decision making process to achieve the goals and objectives in effective manner. Implementers :Implementers team members areapplicable office.Such kind of addition to being hard workers, they have common sense orvery effectively developedpeoples and task oriented. But the lacking point in such people can be inflexible (Woodcock, 2017). Completer Finishers (CF) :Completer finisher have atalent to get people on what could go right and what goesfalse. In other words, Quality of complete finisher is very focusing towards the task. Team Workers (TW):Team workers are cooperative and considerate which are also verypractical person which are successfully looking for the newconnections. Such kind of people are looking for a good friend. Strength of such people having like team building. Specialists :Specialist are driven by content and expertise and they act individually (Woodcock, 2017).Specialist people has always looking for the new are where they can used their skills and knowledge and also applying their skills and abilities on that particular area.Such leaders required their own space to think something creative and new from the environment. P4 Concepts and philosophy of organizational behaviour: Fundamental concepts of organizational behaviour consists of nature of the people and the behaviour of the people in the organization.
Individual differences-this specifies that every person is different from other which elaborated the thinking and the mindset of different individual are different from each other this tells that therearedifferentcapabilitiesindifferentperson.Thepsychologyisdependentonthe performance of the workers. It is a marginal approach towards the employees, this is one on one approach where statical approaches are not followed. Example- manager should be biased towards employees rather treating equally there are many cases which can be used towards particular employee and must treat them equal(Peralta and et.al., 2018). Perception-it is ability to observe, listen and conduct which is carried out at Sainsbury. It is noticing the things and then reacting on the things which are seen by ourself and the terms can be used to evaluate the workers. The things are evaluated by seeing the things which are capable of and the things which are needed to be changed in the working structure. Whole person-this is not dependent on the skills which can be used to evaluate the working process of the workers, this refers to the all round development of the worker which must be considered for the all round development of the workers. There are various things which needs to be considered like emptions, feelings, background which can help in the mental development of the workers at Sainsbury. These things cannot be neglected or isolated in the well being of the workers. Decisions cannot be just because of the official behaviour there are few things which cannot be neglected. Motivation of employees:there are different needs of the workers which needs to be satisfied there are overall five needs of the workers that are psychological, safety social, esteem and self actualisation needs which needs to be fulfilled. The extent to which the person is developed in the organisation will help in fulfilling his needs and determine behaviours. If a worker at Sainsbury is working enthusiastically but not promoted that will reflect in his work. Involvement and empowerment-in an organization the workers must be given various powers which can help in the development of the workers the workers working well must be serf motivated and must be provided with power which can involve the management of the workers. This can help in the better condition of the workers and help them with the motivation. There must be small responsibility given to the workers to work with better aim and interest(Raes and et.al., 2015). Dignity of labour in organizational: employee must be treated with respect at workplace, various accomodity must be provided to the workers such as fair wages, good working environment and
job security, facilities of training which can help in the all round development of employees. Decision making must be improved which can help in maintaining the dignity of the labour. Nature of organization Nature of organization depends on: Social system: every employee socialize with others firms, customers and outer world the work is somewhere reflected in the way they interact with the outer world. The behaviour are influenced by individual drive they are of two types- Formal- group of workers at Sainsbury forms a formal group. This is the formal social system developed. ex- success party after project. Informal- A group of friends chilling out together. MutualInterest- every organization needs a workers and every people needs and organization for the ultimate survival. It is a mutual understanding between both as both of them needs each other for livelihood and growth of the person. Ethics-theseareprincipalsandvaluesdevelopedintheindividualforthegrowthand development of the firm. For betterment of the firm the standard needs to be set up. CONCLUSION From the above study it is concluded that the organizational behaviour plays a major role in the company's overall growth and success. The all the organization must have an evaluation of their organization so that they can from and develop the policies and strategies according to that. It is very important for an organization to provide the positive work culture to the employee so that they can work with the enthusiasm which can be productive for the company. The can also motivate their employee by rewarding them for their good work so that they keep motivate. Incentive and reward to the employee let them fell valued and thus they will work further for the growth of the company by which company can gain the huge profit margin along with the high sales. Effective team leadership is helpful for the company to let their employee work in team and work with the positive enthusiasm. The culture of the organization also plays a major role in the individualbehaviour and which can be further helpful for company in getting their employees work for the betterment of the company. With the help of these strategies company can get the huge revenue and profit for them. Their sales can also be raised due to that. They can compete with the rivals effectively and gain the brand loyalty among the consumers and marketplace this eventually led the company to get the huge profit margin in the preceding year
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or future. This all helpful in the overall growth of the company and thus company can compete with the rivals and had maintained their brand image among the market. The company can maintain the positive organizational behaviour for their company for its future growth and development. They can get with the various strategies and polices for that.
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