Assignment 1: Computers, data and programming

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Subject Code (ITC544)
Assignment 1: Computers, data and programming

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Solution 1 (A)
There were two sorts of PCs.
I. Fixed Program Computer - Its usefulness is unmistakable and couldn't be
modified. an adding machine
II. Stored Program Computers - These can be customized to perform various
errands, and applications are put away in them
The Von-Neumann engineering and put away program ideas work in places where
machine code directions and information are put away, stacked from memory into a
processor, and executed all together. Von-Neumann Architecture is utilized for
nonexclusive machines where directions and information are kept in a similar
memory area. This is principle memory or RAM.
The Harvard design pursues the idea of put away projects. Be that as it may,
memory unit utilization is considered. On the off chance that the two guidelines and
information are held at a similar location, the processor can't work at the ideal
speed in light of the fact that the two clash over similar information transport.
Further, one information transport may have a deficient transport width for the
program guidance, that is, a program guidance having a more drawn out word
length may build traffic. Harvard Architecture is frequently utilized in particular
inserted PC frameworks where the ideal speed is a framework need.
"Spared Program Concepts - The program must exist in principle memory for it to
run. Guidelines are brought, decoded, and executed each in turn."
This is the idea of a running put away program! We should investigate what's
happening:
Additions an optical circle (auxiliary stockpiling) with code on
I. Supplement an optical circle (auxiliary stockpiling) with code on
II. Code is stacked into fundamental memory
III. The processor plays the game by getting, unraveling, and executing
directions from the fundamental memory.

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The most recent PC depends on the idea of put away projects presented by Jon von
Neumann. In this idea of put away projects, projects and information are put away
and treated in a different stockpiling unit called memory. This clever thought
implied that PC reconstructing worked with this engineering was a lot simpler.
The basic structure -
Solution 1 (B)

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Moore's Law began as a theory. But over a year, the theory actually worked. Since
the creation of incorporated circuits in 1958, the quantity of minimal effort
transistors that can be put on coordinated circuits has expanded exponentially,
multiplying like clockwork.
Moore's law says computer speed, memory, and most of the rest can double every
two years. This can have a significant impact on the future with new technologies
that know what will be possible.
Solution 2 (A)
Word of 5 bits will have 25 or 32 possibilities. For all the possibilities Signed
magnitude, One's complement and Two's complement the equivalent decimal
numbers are shown below:-
a. Signed Magnitude:
In signed magnitude the first bit is used for giving the sign and the rest bits are
used for magnitude.
00000 +0
00001 +1
00010 +2
00011 +3
00100 +4
00101 +5
00110 +6