Assignment on Epidemiology
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Added on 2020-05-03
Assignment on Epidemiology
Added on 2020-05-03
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Running head: EPIDEMIOLOGYEpidemiologyName of the studentUniversity nameAuthor’s note
1EPIDEMIOLOGYTable of Contents1. The issue addressed in the paper? Is it important novel?............................................................2Intervention:.....................................................................................................................................2Outcome of the study:......................................................................................................................2Study design:...................................................................................................................................3-What were the main findings? Were the authors advice for future direction or about the studyimplication.......................................................................................................................................32. To what extent can the observed association between the exposure and outcome be attributedto non-causal explanations?.............................................................................................................4Effect of biases on the presentation of results.................................................................................43. Do you believe a causal association between exposure and outcome is plausible? Is the findingwithin the study consistent – has any interaction or special mechanism was illustrated/suggested54. External validity and overall quality of the discussion section...................................................6References........................................................................................................................................8
2EPIDEMIOLOGY1. The issue addressed in the paper? Is it important novel?The patients who suffer from schizophrenia and take many of the antipsychotic drugsconstantly suffer from elevated appetite, which leads them to gain weight consequently anddeliberately (Mayfield et al., 2015). The issue addressed in this paper is to measure the outcomeof dietary control and exercise program to the patients who is being treated with one particulardrug named Clozapine (Zimbron et al., 2016). The idea of the study is definitely novel as the patients who are on the antipsychoticdrugs are gaining weight because of their elevated appetite (Hui et al., 2015). Because of theirobesity, they are on the high risk of suffering from cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus andhypertension. The outcome of the study would help the physicians to determine whether it ispossible to lose weight for a patient with schizophrenia on antipsychotic drug (Røge et al.,2012). Intervention:The total number of the patients was 53. The dieticians made sure that every femalepatient is taking 1300 to 1500 calories and every male patient is taking 1600 to 1800 calories perday. The dieticians also maintained the minimum dietary intake of every patient as 1200 and1500 calories respectively for female and males. The type of food they were eating was fruits,vegetables, sugar free foods and drinks sweetened with artificial sweetener. The whole program for physical activities was for 6 months which was performed thricea week. The exercise regime for the patients were walking for 1.62 km and climbing 231 stairs(each stair 14 cm) and going down for 330 stairs (each stair 13.5 cm) under 20 minutes ofconstant supervision. Outcome of the study:The result of the experiment was positive, as the people in the study group has lostsignificant amount of weight aster 6 months. The BMI, waist and hip measurement, insulin,triglyceride and IGFBP 3 was also decreased amongst the patients of the study group. IGF1 and
3EPIDEMIOLOGYIGFBP 3 were increased significantly among these patients. The result also interprets that thedrug Clozapine puts the patients under great risk for obesity. To bring the patients in a goodhealth condition, including such programs in the clinics are necessary. Study design: Initially the total numbers of the patients were 53 but three of them have withdrawn fromthe programs as they were discharged at the second moth of the program. All 53 patients wererandomly chosen into two groups, 25 patients (11 male and 14 female) were on the control groupand 28 patients were on the study group (11 male and 14 female). All 53 patientsw had a BMIindex of 27 and was on the drug Clozapine. The study group went through the diet of taking1300-1500 calories for female and 1600-1800 calories for males and the exercise program. Theylost approximately 600 to 750 calories per week. The scientists measured their metabolic,anthropometric and hormonal parameters after the third and sixth month of the program. Study population:At the initial stage the total number of patients were 53 and the scientists put them intotwo groups, 25 people on the control group and 28 people on the study group. The control grouphas the mean +_SD age of 39 +_ 6.7 years and the mean age of the study group was 42.2+_ 7.5years. The experiment was done in the clinical setting. At the second month, three of the patientsof the control group left the hospital. All 28 patients of the control group completed the program.-What were the main findings? Were the authors advice for future direction or about thestudy implication. Findings: The main finding is that the study group has shown significant amount of weight lossafter six months. Their waist hip circumference, BMI, diabetes, IGFBP 3 and triglyceride wasalso reduced. They also showed significant increase of IGF1 and IGFBP 3 molar ratio. Thecontrolled amount of calorie intake and the exercise has also normalized the hormonal change,abnormalities in metabolism and has reduced the side effects of the drugs.
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