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Relevant Pathophysiology of Acute Exacerbation of Asthma

   

Added on  2019-12-28

9 Pages2337 Words280 Views
The RelevantPathophysiology of AcuteExacerbation of Asthma

TABLE OF CONTENTSIntroduction .....................................................................................................................................3What is asthma and relate this to the patient and the scenario. ...................................................3What is an acute exacerbation of asthma?...................................................................................3what are the different types of asthma, relate this to the clinical observations and the patient 4Which does the patient have and why: relate to the scenario......................................................5Pathophysiology of asthma..........................................................................................................5Signs and symptoms of Acute Exacerbation of Asthma.............................................................6What is the nurses role?...............................................................................................................6Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................7REFERENCE...................................................................................................................................82

INTRODUCTION Asthma is the most common chronic disease that is described as an inflammation ofpulmonary airways and complex bronchial hyper-responsiveness that leads to clinical expressionof lower airway obstruction which is reversible (Casale and et. al., 2015). The present reportfeatures Part A which includes Asthma and Pathophysiology of the acute exacerbation of thechronic disease in the given scenario. In addition to this, it presents various signs, symptoms andforms of Asthma and its clinical observation. Besides this, it also features critical discussion overrole of nurses in assessing patient with acute exacerbation of asthma. What is asthma and relate this to the patient and the scenario. Asthma can be defined as a common chronic disease of pulmonary airways that iscomplicated and characterized by airflow obstruction, bronchial hyper-responsiveness,inflammation and recurrence of symptoms. The chronic respiratory disease affected around 300million people in the world. In terms of physiology, it can be classified as variable and reversibleobstruction to bronchial airflow. In terms of pathology, it can be explained as overdevelopedmucous glands thickening of airway due to inflammation and narrowing pulmonary airways inlungs due to rigidity of surrounding smooth muscles (Fireman, 2003). During asthma, thepatient's airways get swollen up and react with external environmental allergens such as dust,pollen and smoke. As a result, the narrowed airways produce excess mucus which makes thebreathing process difficult for the patient. The airways of asthma patient are highly sensitive tocertain allergens or stimuli. The examples of allergens that are inhaled by patient include grasspollen, pests, dust mites, mold pores, organic compounds found in perfumes, etc. In response tothese stimuli, there is contraction in large airways resulting into asthmatic attack which isfollowed by inflammation. This further leads to narrowing of airways and excess mucousproduction that consequently cause coughing and breathing becomes difficult for the affectedpatient. What is an acute exacerbation of asthma?Asthma Exacerbation can be defined as an acute episode of progressive symptoms of thechronic disorder which includes shortness of breath, cough, wheezing and chest tightness amongaffected asthmatic patients according to National Asthma Education and Prevention Guidelines,UK (Dougherty and Fahy, 2009). Respiratory viruses such as rhino-virus are the major causal3

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