Audit and Ethics: Materiality, Analytical Evaluation, Cash Flow Statement, and Auditor Report of Newcrest Mining Corporation

This assignment scrutinizes the different auditing procedures for the purpose of reviewing the different aspects of the principle of materiality and its adherence by the Newcrest Mining Corporation. It also includes analytical evaluation of the financial statements, analysis of cash flow statement, and review of the auditor report.

Running head: AUDIT AND ETHICS
Audit and Ethics
Name of the Student:
Name of the University:
Author’s Note

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Table of Contents
Section 1..........................................................................................................................................2
Materiality and Scope of Audit....................................................................................................2
Review of Draft notes and Disclosures.......................................................................................3
Section 2..........................................................................................................................................4
Analytical evaluation of the financial statements........................................................................4
Section 3..........................................................................................................................................8
Analysis of Cash Flow Statement................................................................................................8
Review of the Auditor Report......................................................................................................9
Reference.......................................................................................................................................10

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Section 1
Materiality and Scope of Audit
The primary aim of undertaking this assignment on the Newcrest Mining Corporation of
Australia is to carefully scrutinize the different auditing procedures for the purpose of reviewing
the different aspects of the principle of materiality and its adherence by the Newcrest Mining
Corporation. The principle of materiality helps in assessing the true and fairness of the financial
statements (Simnett & Huggins, 2014). The principle of materiality is considered as a prominent
part of the auditing and accounting principles which are considered necessary in the preparation
of the financial statements. Here the major and the minor misstatements are considered after
initial analysis. Thereafter the significant misstatements are carefully considered on the level of
materiality, and how it is going to affect the company’s decision making (Lobo & Zhao, 2013).
For this particular assignment is the Newcrest Mining Corporation, which is based in Australia.
It is engaged in the exploration, mining, development and selling of gold and gold copper
concentrate. It is Australia’s leading company in terms of mining and it operates beyond
Australia and has many international markets.
Materiality is a crucial part of the entire auditing operation and is a significant part of the
auditor as it is his responsibility of ensuring if it is followed by the company management or not.
In the case of materiality, the auditor considers two aspects, the quantitative and the qualitative
aspects (Morningstar.com, 2018). In the quantitative aspect, the auditor scrutinizes the estimated
percentages on the different financial items in the financial statements and in the case of the
qualitative aspect, the auditor looks into the important financial aspects such as inventory, net
profit and various other similar items. The auditor computes the planning of the materiality at the

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initial stage, and on its basis, approximate performance materiality of different items are
calculated.
Various bases which are accounted for are based on important items which are shown in
the financial statements of the organization. For the Profit and loss account, the net profit before
tax, aggregate sales are taken as bases and in the case of the balance sheet, the aggregate assets
are considered.
The annual report of Newcrest has been analyzed. The revenue has improved from
FY16’. It is the general norm of considering the item having the highest value for estimating
bases. Here the aggregate assets can be considered for considering the planning materiality. For
FY 17, it is $11, 583 and the percentage for calculating planning material is assumed to be at 5%
(Asx.com.au 2018). The calculation of planning materiality is below:
Planning material= (Total assets*5%)
= ($11,583*5%) = $579.15
Review of Draft notes and Disclosures
The draft and disclosures notes contains information about the way of treatment of
certain items, which are very important for the auditors. The most important items under this
head have been provided below:
 Impairment of non-financial assets: The impairment tests for indicating the impairment
of the non-financial assets have been mentioned in this section (Adenergy.com.au, 2018).
The different basis of impairment and the impairment reversal calculations have also
been mentioned.

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 Provisions: Many provisions related to the mining operations of Newcrest have been
provided over here. Non-current provisions consisting of employee benefits, mine
rehabilitation and others are present.
 Contingent liabilities: The different kinds of contingent liabilities of the company, has
been mentioned below. Income tax matters, other business matters, bank guarantees have
been mentioned.
 Financial leases: In the disclosures related to the leases, the different kinds of operating
lease commitments ranging from one year, later than one year but within five years and
later than five years have been mentioned.
Section 2
Analytical evaluation of the financial statements
Analysis of the different balance sheet and profit and loss ratios becomes an inherent part
of each and every auditor’s curriculum. It becomes very important for the auditors to look into
these ratios and gauge the financial position of the company (Liang et al., 2016). The
profitability and the efficiency ratios have been measured here. A table showing these ratios for
the period 2014-17 have been mentioned below:
Ratios 2014 2015 2016 2017
Liquidity ratios
Current ratio 1.93 2.09 1.20 1.88
Quick ratio 0.47 0.70 0.28 0.92
Debt/Equity 0.52 0.45 0.29 0.27

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Efficiency ratio
Asset Turnover 0.26 0.30 0.29 0.30
Receivables
Turnover
43.68 35.03 31.25 43.60
Inventory
Turnover
2.78 3.31 3.36 4.66
Fixed assets
Turnover
0.34 0.38 0.37 0.39
Days inventory 131.13 110.35 108.64 78.38
Profitability
Ratios
Return on Assets
(%)
-14.44 3.77 2.94 2.66
Financial
leverage (in
average)
1.79 1.72 1.59 1.55
Return on Equity
(%)
-23.35 6.62 4.86 4.18

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Interest
Coverage ratio
-14.57 6.13 4.06 4.60
Return on
Invested Capital
-16.11 5.54 4.66 4.19
Net Margin (%) - 42.51 26.05 33.95
Asset Turnover
(Average)
0.26 0.30 0.29 0.30
Profitability Ratios:
The profitability ratio is one of the most important ratios of any business organization.
The different aspects of the profitability of the business is measured through these ratios. It
measures the business entity’s ability of generating earnings, in a period of time, relative of the
various expenses of the business. The return on assets has been fluctuating and has been low
from FY16’s 2.94 to 2.64. The financial leverage average has also come down to 1.55 in the
FY17. The interest coverage ratio which is used to indicate how early a company can pay all of
its debt obligations. It has improved to 4.60 in FY17 from 4.06 in FY16. The asset turnover has
also increased from 0.29 in FY 16 to 0.30 FY 17. Return on invested capital has dipped from
4.66 in FY 16 to 4.19 in FY 17(Adenergy.com.au, 2018).

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Efficiency Ratios:
Efficiency ratio is primarily used for the purpose of analyzing how well a business entity
uses its assets and liabilities. It can be used for the purpose of calculating turnover of receivables,
repayment of liabilities, quality and the utility of equities and for the general usage of the
inventory of the business entity. Receivables turnover which is used to analyze how well a
company utilizes its assets has shown an increase from 35 to 44 in the FY17. Assets turnover
has also improved from 0.29 to 0.30 in FY17. Inventory turnover had significantly improved
from 3.66 in FY16 to 4.66 in FY 17 (Delen, Kuzey & Uyar, 2013). More or less, in the four year
period it was always on an increasing trend.
Liquidity ratio:
Liquidity ratios are again forms a part of any business entity’s financial prospects. It is
normally used for analysis and measurement of the liquidity position of the business entity. It is
mainly intended to explore the relationship between the current assets and current liabilities of
the business. They mainly include the current, quick ratio, and various others. In the case of
Newcrest, the current ratio has been on a very fluctuating trend, dipping from 2.09 in FY 15 to
1.20 in FY16 and slightly increasing to 1.88 in FY17. In the case of the quick ratio, some
interesting aspects have been seen. The quick ratio was 0.47 in FY 14 after which it increased to
0.70 in FY15, again dipping very low to 0.28 in FY 16, which again had increased to 0.92 in FY
17(Adenergy.com.au, 2018).
It becomes very important for the auditor to have a closer look into the different aspects
of these financial reports specially the fluctuating trends, which have been seen in the case of the
liquidity ratios specifically. Considering the present state of the financial affairs of the company,

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the auditor must check the previous audit reports, the balance sheet items, the profit and loss
accounts, and the cash flow statement of Newcrest. The auditor must ask the management about
such fluctuating trends in the businesses. The auditor must inspect the books of accounts closely,
scrutinize them and if required ask for some extra information from the management and the
internal auditors of the company, which would help in making the picture much clearer. The
auditor has the complete freedom to ask for any kind of information from the business’s
management, and the entity is accountable towards providing each and every kind of information
required by the auditor.
Section 3
Analysis of Cash Flow Statement
The cash flow statement of any business entity is one of the most important statements,
which tells about the present liquidity of the company. It provides the cash position of the
company. The cash flow statement of Newcrest has been classified into three major categories
mainly consisting of cash from operating, investing and financing activities. The cash from
operating was $1467 million, investing activity was $ (728) and the cash from financing
activities was $(300) million for the FY 17. The category of cash from operating was the highest
(Adenergy.com.au, 2018).
The primary cash receipts were interest received, receipts from customers and the major
cash payments included buying of fixed assets like plant and machinery, mining under
construction, payments made to suppliers and employees and payment of bank borrowings. The

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primary cash financial and investing activities included payment for plant and equipment’s and
the receipts from the customers.
The going concern concept of accounting is one of the most significant aspect of
accounting which influences any business. It is the responsibility to bring any item which
influences the going concern of any company to its management’s attention. The liquidity
position is one of the most effective areas, which directly impacts the longevity of any business.
In case of Newcrest it has been seen that the entity has lagged behind in the liquidity department
and has been suffering from fluctuating liquidity trends (Simnett & Huggins, 2014). Although it
has been higher than the liquidity ratios of FY 16, but it has been inconsistent. The cash from the
investing and financing activities have been running on negative balances, which seriously
causes concerns regarding going concern of the entity. It can be seen that the signs propose that
the going concern state of the company might get influenced. The auditor must strongly advise
the management to improve the liquidity and the financial position of the entity.
Review of the Auditor Report
The auditor of Newcrest Mining is one of the big four auditing companies Ernest &
Young which has created the audit report of the business. As per the report of the auditor, the
financial statements of the company have followed all the important and relevant accounting
principles and standards of the company. The Auditors have concluded that Newcrest has
followed all the relevant provisions of the AASB, IASB, and the Corporation Act 2001
(Czerney, Schmidt & Thompson, 2014). It has been assured by the auditors that all the different
aspects of financial statements of Newcrest is free from any kind of financial misstatement.

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The key audit matters of the company consists of many different matters, ranging from
assessment of the carrying value of assets. Here the auditor evaluated the group’s assessment of
the indicators of impairment or impairment reversal to address this. Multiple taxation is another
key audit matter, which required the attention of the auditors and was resolved by testing the
group’s calculations for tax provisions or tax receivables in each jurisdiction. Mine rehabilitation
provisions regarding the protection and responsibility of the environment is another matter,
which was solved by the auditor by testing the group’s calculations for mine rehabilitation
provision at each time.
Reference:
Adenergy.com.au/, A. (2018). Annual reports | Newcrest Mining Limited. Retrieved from
http://www.newcrest.com.au/investors/reports/annual/
Asx.com.au (2018). Retrieved from
https://www.asx.com.au/asx/share-price-research/company/NCM/details
Czerney, K., Schmidt, J. J., & Thompson, A. M. (2014). Does auditor explanatory language in
unqualified audit reports indicate increased financial misstatement risk?. The Accounting
Review, 89(6), 2115-2149.
c Measuring firm performance using financial ratios: A decision tree approach. Expert Systems
with Applications, 40(10), 3970-3983.
Investing.com (2018). (NCM), N. Newcrest Mining (NCM) Financial Ratios. Retrieved from
https://www.investing.com/equities/newcrest-mining-limited-ratios

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AUDIT AND ETHICS
Liang, D., Lu, C. C., Tsai, C. F., & Shih, G. A. (2016). Financial ratios and corporate governance
indicators in bankruptcy prediction: A comprehensive study. European Journal of Operational
Research, 252(2), 561-572.
Lobo, G. J., & Zhao, Y. (2013). Relation between audit effort and financial report misstatements:
Evidence from quarterly and annual restatements. The Accounting Review, 88(4), 1385-1412.
Morningstar.com (2018) Income Statement for Newcrest Mining Ltd (NCM) from
Morningstar.com. . Retrieved from https://financials.morningstar.com/income-statement/is.html?
t=0P00006WQO&culture=en-US&ops=clear
Morningstar.com. (2018). Growth, Profitability, and Financial Ratios for Newcrest Mining Ltd
(NCM) from Morningstar.com. . Retrieved from http://financials.morningstar.com/ratios/r.html?
t=NCM
Marketwatch.com (2018). Newcrest Mining Ltd. Retrieved from
https://www.marketwatch.com/investing/stock/ncmgf/profile
Reuters.com (2018). Editorial, R. ${Instrument_CompanyName} ${Instrument_Ric} Financials
| Reuters.com. Retrieved from
https://www.reuters.com/finance/stocks/financial-highlights/NCM.AX
Simnett, R., & Huggins, A. (2014). Enhancing the auditor's report: to what extent is there support
for the IAASB's proposed changes?. Accounting Horizons, 28(4), 719-747.
Wsj.com (2018). NCM.AU Financial Statements - Newcrest Mining Ltd. - Wall Street Journal.
(2018). Retrieved from https://quotes.wsj.com/AU/XASX/NCM/financials