Biological Communication

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BIOLOGICAL COMMUNICATION
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Biological communication
Table of Contents
The central nervous system.......................................................................................3
The activities of the central nervous system..............................................................3
Effects of transmission of nerve impulses.................................................................5
Reference List............................................................................................................6
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Biological communication
The central nervous system
The central nervous system controls the most important activities within the body which consists
of two main parts namely the brain and the spinal cord. The brain is the receiver and the
interpreter of the external environment, which is connected to the spinal that works as highway
of communication in terms receiving, interpreting, and then providing the interpretation. The
interpretation may include the taste, sound smell and the like (Louveau et al. 2015). Among the
two parts, the brain rests inside the skull that is protected by the cranium. The brain is connected
to the spinal cord through the vertebrae. From within the skull, the spinal that is foramen
magnum which further join the first or in some cases second lumbar vertebrae. The reponds or
the stimuli that are the interpretations as mentioned above, are received by the spinal cord
through the spinal cord in the form of spinal nerves that are projections of the nervous system
that are peripheral. The spinal cord is connected to the skin, muscles or joints through these
nerves. The transmission of efferent motor and efferent sensory motos in the form of stimuli is
carried through the spinal cord to the brain. The information or the stimuli are sent to the brain
through the spinal cord to the thalamus of the brain further to the cortex.
The motor neuron plays a very important role in delivering the stimuli. The motor neuron is cell
within the spinal cord that is projected outside the spinal cord that controls the effector organs
like the muscles or rather carries out the stimuli-respond phenomena. The axons of the motor
neurons are called the efferent fiber nerve that consists of the upper motor neurons and lower
motor serves the role of different activities (Walhout et al. 2015). The upper motor neuron arises
from motor cortex that are called the cortico-spinal interneurons which further joins the lower
motor neurons in through the synapses that are carried through the spinal cord.
The activities of the central nervous system
The nerve impulses are transmitted across the membrane that of the neuron along the neuron that
are connected from one end and other. The transmission is the results of electrical changes within
the membranes. The electrical charges are different inside the membrane and outside the
membrane that are being polarised in case of unstimulated neuron. Neurotransmitter is the
chemical channel thruogh which inputs are received by a neuron from other neurons. When the
input or the stimuli are strong then only the input is passed down to the downstream. If the
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