Understanding Chronic Illness through the Biopsychosocial Model

This essay explains the biopsychosocial model and its role in understanding chronic illness such as diabetes, asthma, cancer, and more. It also discusses the impact of lifestyle factors on diabetes and the prevention methods. The essay highlights the importance of health psychology theory in identifying the causes of chronic diseases and improving health and wellbeing programs. The UK's policies and strategies to reduce diabetes are also discussed.

Running Head: Health and Wellbeing
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Bio psychosocial approach

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Bio psychosocial model
The biopsychosocial model is defined as an approach which is used to understand
chronic illness by the interaction of social factors, biological, and psychological factors.
It is a most common approach which is used by many health programmes to understand
various types of chronic illness. The main advantage of this approach is that it provides
a blueprint for investigation, an outline for research, and design for analysis in the field
of health care. From last few years, many health programs and originations are focusing
on pathophysiology and other biological models to understand the different chronic
illness. The main aim of this essay is to describe the psychosocial model and role of this
model to understand different types of chronic illness (Eastwood, Mathur, Atkinson,
Brophy, Sudlow, Flaig, & Chaturvedi, 2016). This essay is also explaining the importance
of the psychosocial model in the field of chronic illness. There are many types of chronic
illness such as Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes, asthma, cancer, COPD, and cystic fibrosis.
Diabetes is a type of chronic disease which is increased rapidly in the UK and it is
projected that the amount of diabetes in the UK has doubled in last few years and the
main cause of this increment is lack of physical activities. Psychosocial model is used to
understand the impact of diabetes on the human body system and it also provides
prevention methods. This essay is explaining the role of the psychosocial model in
diabetes and other chronic illness and also explaining about causes of diabetes.
The biopsychosocial model consist of many factors such as biological, social, and
psychological factors and these factors are used to understand health, human risks, and
chronic illness. The main role of the biopsychosocial model in the field of chronic
disease is that it improves health program and develop treatment programs, and other
healthcare services. This approach also provides a platform to reduce diabetes, asthma,
cancer and other chronic diseases and also promote healthy diets, and exercise in
society and industries. There are following main objectives of the bio psychosocial
model such as
 Preventing disease
 Investigation the impact of chronic disease
 Analysis of health strategies and policies
 Improve health programs

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 Develop new treatment methods
The biopsychosocial model is a type of approach which is used to understand the
health and wellbeing of any individual and this model depends upon many factors such
as social, biological, and psychological factors. This model explains that these all factors
are very important in the field of health and wellbeing of any person. This model is also
called as main-body connection system and it is very important fundamental in the field
of chronic illness and social works. It is very important to find the causes of chronic
illness and other human diseases and this approach also plays an important role in the
field of chronic disease. It is estimated that a person who always more towards negative
thinking and stress takes a lot of time to recover rather than who think positively.
According to the definition of the bio psychosocial model, this approach consists of
three main factors such as biological, social, and psychological. According to research
the main reason of chronic illness is that more usage of sugar and eat unhealthy foods
which increase many human risks and diseases such as obesity, diabetes, overweight,
and chronic diseases.
Diabetes is defined as a wellbeing illness which is improved quickly in the last few
years. Diabetes is considered a chronic illness with conflicts of carbohydrate,
cardiovascular illness, and other health illnesses (Dyson, Twenefour, Breen, Duncan,
Elvin, Goff, & Mellor, 2018). The effect of diabetes on human’s fitness includes
dysfunctions, high lifeblood weight, and failure of diverse structures. There are
numerous symptoms of diabetes illness such as weight loss, dehydration, and distorting
of dream. Through diabetes illness, numerous additional illnesses occur such as fatness,
overweight, circulatory illness, chronic circumstances, and peripheral vascular illness.
This paper is clarifying different kinds of diabetes, the reason of diabetes, and
anticipation of diabetes. This paper is also explaining the signs and symptoms of
diabetes and different types of policies and strategies to reduce diabetes in the UK.
There are two kinds of diabetes problem happen in persons such as type 1 diabetes and
type 2 diabetes (Fall, Gustafsson, Orho, & Ingelsson, 2018).
The behavioural, social, biological, and psychological factors play an significant role
in the development of chronic diseases and human health disorders. Behavioural factors
involve human risks, lack of exercise, and use of unhealthy foods, smoking, high-risk

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sex, and lack of physical activities. Psychosocial factors involve stress and depression.
The biological aspect of this approach deals with physiological caused by chronic illness.
According to these model physiological and biological factors, both are responsible for
human disease and there are many biological factors such as a genetic problem,
hormones, physical trauma, and low immunity are responsible for chronic diseases
(Roze, Smith, Valentine, Cook, Jethwa, de, & Pickup, 2016). There are some
psychological factors that increase various types of chronic diseases such as stress,
depression, negative thinking, addiction, and low self-esteem. The social aspects of this
model refer to environmental factors that influence many human risks. Psychological
factors can increase many chronic illness and health risks by changing daily routine and
behaviours such as eating, sleeping, and drinking. Stress and depression can cause many
chronic diseases and human health disorders and it also decreases the efficiency of an
immune structure. There are mainly two factors that increase many human disorders
such as lack of physical activities and eating unhealthy foods. It is projected that in the
UK the amount of diabetes is improved rapidly in the last few years and the main cause
for this increment are lack of physical activities and unhealthy foods.
The endless state of diabetes is identified with brokenness, kidneys, long-haul harm,
overweight, heart, and circulatory strain. There are primarily two kinds of diabetes
exhibit in a human's body, for example, type 1st diabetes and sort 2nd diabetes. From the
multi-year, the number of diabetes people was expanded from 1.4 million to 3.48
million. As indicated by national wellbeing administrations, in the UK the rate of
diabetes has multiplied and there are numerous analyzed individuals in contrast with
solid individuals. It is assessed that in 2025 the rate of diabetes in the UK will achieve 5
million. In which compose 2nd diabetes is the most widely recognized confusion and it is
expanded step by step in the UK (McKnight, & Gibb, 2017). As per information from the
world wellbeing association, over the most recent two years, around 3.5 million
individuals were analyzed because of diabetes. There are numerous different issues
happen because of sort 2 diabetes, for example, corpulence, heart assaults,
hypertension, and cardiovascular infection. Just about 2.6 million people in England
were analyzed because of diabetes and sort second diabetes and the rate of diabetes in
England is expanded by 5% consistently. It is evaluated that right around 10% of people
in England were analyzed because of sort first diabetes issue. In the UK people from

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South Asian and dark ethnic accumulations have more opportunity to expand write
second diabetes issue as a contrast with white ethnic gatherings. Through sort second
diabetes numerous other wellbeing dangers happen, for example, corpulence,
overweight, malignancy, hypertension, and cardiovascular sickness.
Health psychology is used to determine the causes of chronic illness and it is
increased rapidly in the last few years. It is also used to investigate who is responsible
for chronic diseases such as diabetes, cancer, asthma, and COPD. The main objective of
health psychology theory is to identify the causes of chronic diseases and prevention
method of human health disorders. This theory also provides a platform to improve
health and wellbeing programs which can help to reduce different types of chronic
disease such as diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular disease and other health disorders.
Health psychology involves many factors such as biological factors, social factors, and
psychological factors. This theory reflects the biopsychosocial approach of health and
wellbeing which was provided by Engel in 1977 (Sallis, Owen, & Fisher, 2015).
According to health psychology, there are many factors that increase chronic disease
and other health disorders such as lack of exercise, use of unhealthy foods, use of
beverage rather than soft drink, lack of physical activities, and lack of health and
wellbeing programmes (Tarzia, Murray, Humphreys, Glass, Taft, Valpied, & Hegarty,
2016). This theory involves a change of behaviour, change of daily routine and coping
strategies with medical recommendations. Health psychology theory also maintains the
body structure and mind of any person. The goal of this theory is divided into two parts
such as understanding, developing, and testing theory and putting this theory into
practice. Healthy psychology theory can increase the health of any person by working
with health and treatment programmes. This process also helps physicians and nurses
to improve knowledge regarding health and wellbeing programmes.
There are numerous ways of life factors which are affecting diabetes in people, for
example, physical exercises, an inactive way of life, liquor, smoking, the absence of
activity, more utilization of quick nourishment, and refreshment, the absence of solid
eating methodologies, and absence of greenery enclosures, and hardware's (Kazak,
Schneider, Didonato, & Pai, 2015). As indicated by the world wellbeing association,
stoutness or overweight is the fundamental hazard factor for type second diabetes.
Corpulence may support the advancement of infection advance and insulin obstruction.

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There are numerous kinds of indications of diabetes, for example, polyuria, and
weight reduction. Inconsistently or week side effects of sort first diabetes may grow
quickly as a contrast with type second diabetes (Yoo, & Miyamoto, 2018). There are
some different signs and side effects of diabetes, for example, foggy vision, exhaustion,
bothersome skin, cerebral pain, and moderate recuperating of cuts. The fundamental
driver of glucose ingestion is drawn out of high blood glucose. There is numerous skin
rashes happen because of diabetes that is called as diabetic dermatomes.
Diabetes is a most normal infection which specifically impacts on human's body and
way of life. For ladies, diabetes can influence the vagina and yeast disease and for men
and youngsters it a square stream of blood and influence the nerves arrangement of the
body, sadness, poor vision, and being befuddled. There are numerous variables that
effect on human's wellbeing, for example, harm to veins, mind, macrovascular
complexity, and harm to little veins (Gagnon, Ghandour, Talla, Simonyan, Godin,
Labrecque, & Rousseau, 2014). There are numerous components through which
diabetes can be decreased, for example, physical exercises, work out, and solid eating
regimens, diminish the utilization of sugar and drink delicate water when contrasted
with the refreshment.
To diminish this kind of wellbeing issue National Health Service in the UK created
numerous approaches and procedures (Hounkpatin, Wood, & Dunn, 2016). They give an
appropriate instruction and preparing a program for the counteractive action of
diabetes and other human's infections. They advance sound weight control plans and
physical exercises through the preparation program (McKay, Nugent, Johnsen, Eaton, &
Lidz, 2018). The administration of England likewise lessened the use of sugar from all
item that diminished corpulence, and sort second diabetes issue by 10% over the most
recent couple of years Educators additionally give preparing in schools and advance
sound weight control plans and exercise to understudies and guardians. Be that as it
may, the pastor of wellbeing created numerous wellbeing programs in all nations to
diminish diabetes in youngsters and grown-ups (Maribo, Melchiorsen, Rubak, Jespersen,
& Nielsen, 2014). There are chiefly two methodologies can be utilized for the aversion of
diabetes and heftiness, for example,
 Promote solid eating methodologies and physical exercises

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 Reduce undesirable nourishments and enhance wellbeing projects and preparing
Through these approaches and techniques diabetes and another wellbeing issue can
be diminished and it is assessed that in 2015 the rate of diabetes and another wellbeing
issue must be diminished and there are primarily two factors that decreased weight and
sort first diabetes, for example, solid eating regimens and exercise (Martin, Girling,
Niranthara, Ryan, Marshall, & Hemming, 2016).
Diabetes and stoutness both are a most basic issue in the UK and diabetes has
expanded quickly over the most recent couple of years. The fundamental purpose of this
addition is the absence of physical initiates and a solid eating regimen. In 2011, around
3 million individuals were analyzed because of diabetes and it is figured that over the
most recent couple of years the rate of sort second diabetes has multiplied in England.
This paper learns about the reason for diabetes, the effect of maladies on human's way
of life, and anticipation strategy for diabetes and different sicknesses. The legislature
ought to enhance wellbeing programs and ought to build up a preparation and training
program that will help in the decrease of diabetes in youngsters and grown-ups.
Educators ought to propel understudies and give appropriate preparing in regards to
wellbeing issue. This essay explained the psychosocial model and also explained the
role of this model in the field of chronic illness. This model is also used to understand
different types of chronic illness such as diabetes, asthma, cancer, and COPD. This essay
explained the causes of diabetes and various methods or process to reduce diabetes and
other chronic illness in the UK. This health disorder should reduce by avoiding the use
of unhealthy food and unhealthy diets. People should take healthy foods and fruit and
also use proper exercise program which can help in the reduction of diabetes and other
health disorders such as obesity, overweight, and type 2nd diabetes.

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