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Brand Management: A Case Study of Coca-Cola

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Added on  2024/06/28

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This report examines the brand management strategies employed by Coca-Cola, a global beverage giant. It delves into the company's brand portfolio, brand hierarchy, and brand equity management techniques. The report also analyzes the brand extension and line extension strategies of Minute Maid, a subsidiary of Coca-Cola, and explores the concept of brand collaboration. Furthermore, it investigates different methods for measuring and managing brand value, using Kinley, another Coca-Cola brand, as an example. The report concludes by highlighting the importance of effective brand management for achieving success in the global marketplace.

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INTRODUCTION
In general, brand management refers to the function that utilizes different techniques in order to

enhance the perceived value of brand or product line (Rosenbaum-Elliott et al., 2015). More

effective brand management is essential for the organizations because it builds loyal consumers

and enable price to go up via strong awareness of brand positive band of association

(Rosenbaum-Elliott et al., 2015). However it is important to have comprehensive understanding

of overall vision of the organization, target market and strategic planning to develop a strategic

plan for gaining brand value and maintaining brand equity (Rosenbaum-Elliott et al., 2015).

This report is based on the brand management approaches and aspects ofof the organizations

coca cola. Coca-Cola Company is one of most famous organizations across the globe which is

famous for their carbonated soft drink brad Coke or Coca-Cola (Irefin and Mechanic, 2014). The

organization manufactures concentrate which is sold to the consumers and Coca-Cola bottlers in

the world. The organization was established before more than 100 years and as of now the

organization is operating in more than 200 countries across the globe. Different products of the

organization include Coca-Cola Vanilla, Coca-Cola cherry, Coca-Cola zero sugar and caffeine

free coke (Irefin and Mechanic, 2014).
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LO 1
Brand and marketing are interrelated with each other and the integration of both the things is

helpful to the organizations to enhance brand’s image in the industry and market (Keller et al.,

2011). The importance of branding as a marketing tool is defined below:

The branding is helpful for creating the preference for the products and services offered

to the consumers

Branding helps in increasing the brand value which in turns enrich the productivity and

people associate with the brand like this (Keller et al., 2011)

Branding also helps in creating value for the organizations which in turn helps in the

survival in the market place

In addition to this, branding is very much helpful in generating revenues and mare share

along with the profits for organization (Keller et al., 2011)

Organization like Coca-Cola could also use the concept of brand pyramid in order to enrich the

brand value. The brand pyramid is use for define the essence of the brand and it is used in order

to create marketing and promotional strategies for the company along with communicating to the

same to the consumers (Kapferer, 2012). In addition to this, this model helps in identifying

different steps and examining development of loyalty of the commoners to the brand and

different products. Moreover, this pyramid is very much effective and structured in a way that

helps in implementing communication strategy that actually creates brand value in the market

(Kapferer, 2012).

Moreover, branding is very much helpful and provides several benefits to the organizations along

with the intermediaries and consumers. It is very much convenient for the consumers of Coca-

Cola to find products in the market easily which is done by effective brand recognition (Keller et

al., 2011). The Coca-Cola spends a lot for the branding in the market which is the key secret of

the success of the organization.

Brand is one of the key element tools in the context of marketing and Coca-Cola which is having

effective brand recognition in the mind of consumers via their tagline “Taste the feeling”. Brand

management or managing a brand is very much important and it requires basic knowledge of

major elements of brand which measure and define the brand (Barrow and Mosley, 2011).
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Managing a brand, initially it is important to perform evaluation of brand equity, brand
positioning and brand value, so whenever it comes to the brand monument these factors are

analyzed with the help of models and theories (Barrow and Mosley, 2011).

Brand equity

In general, it is defined as the commercial value by which consumers’ perception towards the

brand name of partial goods or services is derived. To understand the brand equity Keller has

given one of the most successful model “Keller Brand Equity Model” to measure and manage

the brand equity (Keller et al., 2011). This model consists of four major steps brand identity,

brand meaning, brand response and brand resonance. With the help of these four steps Coca-Cola

could analyze the loophole in current practices or in products.

Brand value

Brand value refers to the net present value of the projected future cash flows which is attributed

to the particular brand. Coca-Cola has made an impressive influence in the market in terms of

brand value and people prefer this drink more (Keller et al., 2011).

Brand positioning

In general term, brand positioning is process of reason of customers for purchasing the brand of

the organization in preference of others. Brand positioning would be understood easily with the

help of PASP model which helps in the process of brand pointing in four different strategic

ways. These four ways include P (Purpose Based Postponing), A (Ambition Based Positioning),

S (Strategy Based Postponing) and P (Proposition Based Positioning) (Heding et al., 2015).

As mentioned above, brand equity refers to the commercial value by which consumers’

perception towards the brand name of partial goods or services is derived. It could be understood

effectively by
AAKER model in terms of Coca-Cola. AAKER model is the amalgamation of the
brand loyalty, brand awareness and associations (Fayrene and Lee, 2011). This mode consists of

five elements: brand loyalty, brand awareness, perceived quality, brand associations and other

proprietary.

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Initially, brand loyalty is considered for the organizations like Coca-Cola because high brand
loyalty could help the company in lessening the marketing efforts. Coca-Cola is having high

brand loyalty as consumers are highly addicted towards the products of the company (Fayrene

and Lee, 2011). Secondly,
brand awareness is one of the important factors of the model which
represents the extent to which brand is known to the consumers (Fayrene and Lee, 2011). Brand

awareness is all about positive perceptions and attitude of consumers towards the brand and

Coca-Cola is having effective goodwill in the market thus the brand awareness is exceptional for

the organization.

Further
brand associations refer to the associations which are trigged by the brand or
organization with the help of different medium so the brand could be recalled in the mind of

consumers (Taleghani and Almasi, 2011). Coca-Cola invests a lot in to build a strong brand

association and the sales are double on different occasions due to the same factor. In terms of

perceived quality
Coca-Cola has managed its image in a nicer way because this brand is
considered for providing good quality soft drink in the global market (Glińska and Gorbaniuk,

2016). So the perceived quality could be considered as the success factor for the organization

across the globe (Taleghani and Almasi, 2011). Lastly the other
proprietary includes assets such
as relations with trade partners, intellectual property rights and patents. It is said the higher

accumulation of property leads to competitive advantage.

Further, as the brand management analyst the key focus of the strategies is to develop techniques

that helps in increasing the brand equity of the organization without compromising the reputation

of the brand in the market. Initially, in terms of
brand strategy, Coca-Cola has effective brand
recognition among consumers but the organization should produce and provide high quality in

order to represent higher brand value among consumers (Hanna and Rowley, 2011). Secondly, in

terms of
brand awareness Coca-Cola is availing benefits of all the available mediums in the
market so the organization could enhance the constant only. The organization should identify and

introduce new ways to promote and showcase the products of the company in the marketplace

(Hanna and Rowley, 2011).

Further, a
proper communication is essential for the success of the company and products in the
market because it is the only way which could enhance the brand equity. In terms of Coca-Cola

there are several determinants such as legal issues, finical issues and more that need to be
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resolved to enhance the communication in the market (Smith et al., 2010). In addition to this,
organization could use latest form of theologies to enhance the communication strategy of the

organization in global as well as domestic market. Furthermore, the factor or strategy that helps

in gaining and creating competitive advantage in global market is
reputation so organizations
should take effective decision so the reputation of the organization isn’t affected (Smith et al.,

2010). The employees should be train enough to handle situation because those the point of

contact and also the strategies of the organization should not appreciate any kind of

discrimination and inequality with the content or any other form of communication (Tsimonis

and Dimitriadis, 2014). Lastly, the decision making process of the organization should be more

effective and efficient especially on legal and ethical matters across the globe because the bran or

origination operates in legal manner attracts and retain more consumers in the market than the

competitor firms.

The
aforementioned models or tools are very much effective in context of the Coca-Cola across
the globe. In an origination such as Coca-Cola which is one of the most famous and

multinational organization, it is very much important to maintain the brand image (
Kunerth and
Mosley, 2011
). The market position and reputation of the organization or brand decides the
profits of the organizations and also the more consumers get attracted towards the organizations

that provide quality and effective services (
Batey, 2012). There are several theories and models
equipped for upgrading the position of the organization; Coca-Cola is continuously working

towards the betterment of the society which in turn extends the profits of the organizations. The

most difficult part of marketing is majorly connected with the consumers and having their bad

reviews and criticism about the products and that is the thing that Coca-Cola has done in a

smother way (
Batey, 2012).
Coca-Cola is at the option when it has already touched several milestones and has become one of

the best multinational organizations in the world, the organization should need to make sense of

collecting individuals they were producing content for (
Kunerth and Mosley, 2011). There are
four recommendations that could be used by Coca-Cola to build a more effective and better

brand:

The organization should not limit the encouraging means to web based technologies
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The organization should have more effective and honest information about the client
and consumers to make more relevant content for them (
Keller et al., 2011)
The organization should focus on making great substance (
Keller et al., 2011)
The organization should be more open to the societies under which they are operating

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LO2
Coca-Cola is a company which is serving is customers with carbonated soft drinks from more

than 127 years and formed in the year 1892 on January 29
th. It is a multinational company which
has headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia, and the United States. There are around 62600 employees

working in the company in different parts of the world. The company is a well-known brand

which is offering a huge variety of soft drinks, health drinks, water, and other carbonated drinks.

ANALYZING DIFFERENT STRATEGIES OF PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT, BRAND

HIERARCHY, AND EQUITY MANAGEMENT

Brand portfolio is a market strategy which is used by the company for keeping its brands under

one umbrella (Robertson, 2019). The brand portfolio helps the company in competing

successfully in the market with the help of different product lines. The size of the brand portfolio

may differ from industry to industry and businesses to businesses according to the nature of the

company.

Brand portfolio strategy of
Coca-Cola
Coca-Cola is a large and popular brand company which has introduced many successful brands

under its name. M
any brands such as diet coke, Fanta, sprite, Georgia, Honest, Minute Maid,
Surge, Zico, Costa, Kinley, Dasani, etc. are introduced by the
Coca-Cola Company as its brand
portfolio strategy. The company has introduced another range of health drinks as a part of its

brand portfolio strategy to cater to the needs and demands of customers of all types.
Coca-Cola
offers around 80 different drinks which are offered under 20 different brands of the company all

over the world with different variants and flavors. This products and brand range of Coca-Cola

include waters, herbal teas, still drinks, sports drinks, juice drinks, colas, and a drink range of

sparkling (Coca-Cola, 2019).

BRAND MANAGEMENT HIERARCHY WITHIN COCA-COLA PORTFOLIO

Brand hierarchy is a branding strategy of the company where similar and common nature

products are displayed together by the business management. There are different ways in which

the company can use the method of brand hierarchy for defining it's brand's elements and level of
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brand hierarchy which include family brand, modifier, individual brand, corporate or company
brand, etc.

House of the brands model

The house of brands model is the method where the company expands its business operations

with the help of other different brands which are promoted as a separate brand of the company.

The house of a brand is a home or common group for the different brands of the company which

are promoted in their own separate brand name.

Hybrid brand model

The hybrid brand model is the model where the company uses the combination of both the

branded house model and the house of the brand model. This model is used by the company with

a motive to increase its market share in the industry and diversify its business operations

successfully in the market (Dahl, 2016).

Coca-Cola
Hybrid brand model
Coca-Cola has used the method of a
hybrid brand model for promoting its products under
different brands. Coca-Cola has used the technique of the house of brands model for promoting

its different category of products and brands such as
diet coke, Fanta, sprite, Georgia, Honest,
Minute Maid, Surge, Zico, Costa, Kinley, Dasani, etc. The
Coca-Cola Company has used the
method of the branded house for its brands like Coca-Cola diet coke, Coca-Cola black cherry

vanilla, Coca-Cola C2, Coca-Cola Citra, Coca-Cola Clear, Coca-Cola Life, Coca-Cola Light,

Coca-Cola Raspberry, etc. (Lucas, 2015).

BRAND EQUITY MANAGEMENT OF COCA-COLA

Coca-Cola is a successful drink manufacturing company which is continuously maintaining its

brand equity over a period of time. The company is retaining the brand equity by shifting the

image of its brand from the sugary carbonated drinks and beverages to the healthier version of

drinks. Coca-Cola is successfully doing so by modifying its products and services according to

the needs and taste of the customers by making continuous changes in the drink products.

STRATEGIES USED FOR MANAGING THE EQUITY OF THE BRANDS
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The strategies used by Coca-Cola Company managing the brand equity over the period of time
on a long term basis include effective communication and maintenance of a healthy and strong

relationship with the customers. The company asked continuously for the feedback of its

customers which help the company in gaining competitive advantage in the market and increased

its brand equity. The main aim of the Coca-Cola Company is to develop an emotional connection

with the customers for managing brand equity of its various brands.

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LO3
Minute Maid is the beverage line of product brand of Coca Cola which serves its customers with

lemonade and orange juice which was founded in the year 1945 and serving the customer from

more than 74 years.

BRAND EXTENSION AND LINE EXTENSION

They are the methods of brand expansion chosen by the company for delivering high-class

service to the customers and to provide a wide variety of options in the range of the products of

the company.

Line Extension

A line extension is the marketing tool which uses the established brand name of the existing

successful brand for marketing its new product in the same product category (Anzalone, 2019). It

is a very useful tool for the company where the new products of the company can be easily

introduced in the market under the established image of the brand of the company. Minute Maid

introduced many products by using the method of line extension which include Minute Maid

lemonades and fruit drinks like Minute Maid fruit punch, Minute Maid lemonade, Minute Maid

tropical punch, Minute Maid pulp free, Minute Maid original, etc.
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Brand Extension
Brand extension refers to the marketing strategy where the company introduces a completely

separate brand of the products.
It is a very useful method where the company wants to cover a
huge area of the market by serving different needs of the customers successfully. Different

groups of customers can be satisfied by the company by fulfilling different demands. Minute

Maid introduced many products by using the method of brand extension which includes Minute

Maid coconut water, Minute Maid original juices, Minute Maid Smoothie maker, Minute Maid

fruit jam, etc.

STRENGTHS OF THE MINUTE MAID

The main strengths of Minute Maid include the following which helps the brand in gaining

competitive advantage in the market.

Minute Maid has the support of the famous brand Coca-Cola which has a worldwide
identity which helps the brand is getting popularity.

Minute Maid offers a huge range of products under different variants and flavors apple,
mango, lemon, grape, pomegranate, orange, and guava.

Minute Maid is a market leader in the juice products which has around 13 percent of
market share in the industry.
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The company has product differentiation from that of its competitors because Minute
Maid offers more fruit pulp in the drinks than the products of its competitors.

Minute Maid is offering healthy juice and fresh fruit juices which are healthy for the
customers and thus has huge popularity in the family audience.

WEAKNESSES OF THE MINUTE MAID

It is believed that Minute Maid has weak flavoring which seems to be a bit watered
down.

Minute Maid is facing intense internal competition which includes competitors like
Sprite, Maaza, Fanta, and Coca-Cola.

Minute Maid has weak advertising where the customers find it difficult to get complete
information about the brand.

The self-coverage of Minute Maid is very poor when compared to its competitors such as
Tropicana which affect the visibility of the brand in a negative manner.

BRAND COLLABORATION

Brand collaboration is a marketing technique which helps the company in managing its brands

over a particular period of time. When two or more brands are combined together forgetting their

strategic advantage in the market is known as brand collaboration (Carter, 2017).

The brand collaboration of
Minute Maid
The main collaboration of
Minute Maid is with Coca-Cola which helps the company in
increasing the brand visibility and brand loyalty of both the brands. Minute Maid also made

partnerships with social media leaders such as Youtube, Facebook, and Twitter for increasing its

brand popularity with the help of advertisement on different websites. Following are some of the

benefits that the brand collaboration get with the partnership of both Coca-Cola and Minute

Maid:

The image of both the brands is enhanced with the help of brand collaboration which
helps in increasing sales.

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The brands get benefits of synergies such as efficiencies, reduce expenses, an increase in
profits and revenue, and getting expert help.

Brand collaboration help in accessing market opportunities more rapidly by combining
resources and funds.

The report discussed the difference between brand extension and line extension of Kit Kat along

with their benefits. The brand expansion strategy of Minute Maid is analyzed in the report by

taking advantage of brand extension and line extension. The concept of brand collaboration is

explained in the report along with the advantages of Minute Maid.
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LO4
Kinley is a popular brand of Coca-Cola Company which is a carbonated brand and serving its

customers with two main types of drinks. The packaged water bottle and carbonated water with

different variants are the two main types of drinks served by Kinley. Apple, club soda, cola, tonic

water, raspberry, vanilla cream, bitter lemon, ginger ale, virgin mojito, etc. are some of the

flavors offered by Kinley to its customers.

Evaluate different types of techniques for measuring and managing brand value using

specific organizational examples

CBBE model can be used by the company in order to gain a leading position in the market which

will help the company in measuring and managing brands. The components of the CBBE model

are discussed as follows:

a)
Brand awareness
b)
Brand value
c)
Customer attitude
d)
Market share
e)
Purchasing behavior
The methods which can be used by Kinley which is a popular brand of Coca-Cola in order to

manage and measure its brand are described below:

Qualitative research techniques

The qualitative research technique helps the company in analyzing the mindset of customers

about the brand (DeFranzo, 2011). The brand association of Kinley and the Coca-Cola Company

is analyzed successfully by the marketing department of the company with the help of qualitative

techniques. It is a great source for getting the right and true response from the customers about

the brand and company so that the position of the brand can be analyzed by the company

successfully. The motives which persuade the customer to purchase the products of the brand

which can be known by the following methods:
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Free association is a marketing technique which is used by marketers for gaining honest
opinion about the brand and product in the market. The uniqueness and differentiation of

the brand can be known with the help of free association.

Projected Technique is a technique which is used by marketers of the company for
getting feedback about the brand which is otherwise is not expressed by the customers

due to some social, sensitive, and other personal issues.

Quantitative research techniques

The Quantitative research techniques are the methods which can be used by the company for

getting information about brand value with the help of numerical and statistical data and

information (Devault, 2018). The Quantitative research techniques are the method where the

company uses questionnaire, numerical analysis of data, statistics, and mathematical data and

figures for assessing the brand value and brand image of the company.

Brand awareness of Kinley can be used by the company which can help the management in

analyzing the brand image of the company in the market. The number of customers who are

using Kinley can be known by examining the percentage detail and statistical data.

The brand image of Kinley can be measured with the help of survey and research for analyzing

the perception of the customers about the brand. The present brand image of the product can be

understood with the help of quantitative data and statistical information about the brand.

Multivariate techniques

The accurate response of the customers can be taken by the company with the help of

multivariate techniques. The multivariate technique is the method where the company uses more

than one statistical technique to measure and analyze the current and future problems associated

with the brand. It is a useful method for studying and analyze the data and observation collected

by the marketers of the company.

Brand audit
effectively measures the problems associated with the development and growth of
the brand in the market. The brand value and brand image can be understood by the management

of the company with the help of a brand audit.

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The market worth of the brand is evaluated in order to determine the brand value of the
company in the market. The brand audit is done in both the internal and external market in order

to analyze the prospect and perception that the customers hold for the brand along with the

emotional connection with the brand (Olenski, 2015).

The distinction between brand extension and line extension are evaluated along with managing

brand collaboratively and in partnership at both the domestic and global level. Once the brand is

launched by the company the next step is to manage the brand successfully. The techniques of

measuring and managing strong band value over the years are analyzed in the report.
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CONCLUSION
The concept of brand image, brand equity, brad collaboration, brand management is discussed

successfully in the report. The brand hierarchy of the
Coca-Cola Company is described in the
report along with the strategies used by the company for maintaining brand equity are analyzed

successfully. Brand management at both the domestic and global level are examined in the report

effectively with reference to the
Coca-Cola Company. The different techniques of leverage and
extension of collaborative brand management are critically evaluated in the report. At last, the

concept of measuring and managing brand value with the help of using specific examples is

explained. The methods that can be used for managing and measuring brand over time are

examined in the report. From the above report, it could be concluded that brand management is

very much important for the organizations that are already established or seeking growth in

domestic as well as global market. The branding is very much helpful in and as a marketing tool

and the methods mentioned in the report are very much helpful for the organizations. Moreover,

an effective and robust brand management planning and implementation leads to the company

towards the success in short span of time because it enhances brand awareness and brand

recognition among consumers in the world. The findings of the study also support the same and

also documented that brand management and it concepts are applicable in different part of

businesses and leads to the fulfillment of cooperate as well as company’s aims and objectives in

the global market.
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