Business Administration Essentials and Planning

The provided report highlights the essential role of business administration in a company's operations. It covers how business administration provides related information, such as budgeting and financial management, which are crucial for a company's success. The report also emphasizes the importance of planning in business administration, including setting goals and objectives, identifying resources, and establishing procedures to achieve them.

BUSINESS
ADMINISTRATION

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
UNIT 11 (Manage Office Facility)..................................................................................................1
1.1................................................................................................................................................1
1.2................................................................................................................................................1
1.3................................................................................................................................................1
1.4................................................................................................................................................1
1.5................................................................................................................................................2
UNIT 15 (Analyse and present business data).................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
1.1................................................................................................................................................3
1.2................................................................................................................................................3
1.3................................................................................................................................................4
1.4................................................................................................................................................4
1.5................................................................................................................................................4
1.6................................................................................................................................................4
1.7................................................................................................................................................4
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................5
2.1................................................................................................................................................5
2.2................................................................................................................................................5
2.3................................................................................................................................................5
2.4................................................................................................................................................5
2.5................................................................................................................................................5
2.6................................................................................................................................................5
2.7................................................................................................................................................6
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................6
3.1................................................................................................................................................6
3.2................................................................................................................................................6
3.3................................................................................................................................................6
UNIT 19 (Handle Mail)...................................................................................................................6

1.1................................................................................................................................................6
1.2................................................................................................................................................6
1.3................................................................................................................................................7
1.4................................................................................................................................................7
1.5................................................................................................................................................7
1.6................................................................................................................................................7
3.2................................................................................................................................................7
UNIT 55 (Manage a Budget)...........................................................................................................7
1.1................................................................................................................................................7
1.2................................................................................................................................................7
1.3................................................................................................................................................8
1.4................................................................................................................................................8
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................8
2.1................................................................................................................................................8
2.2................................................................................................................................................8
2.3................................................................................................................................................8
2.4................................................................................................................................................9
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................9
3.1................................................................................................................................................9
3.2................................................................................................................................................9
Labour.........................................................................................................................................9
Materials......................................................................................................................................9
Flexible Budget...........................................................................................................................9
Cost and Efficiency.....................................................................................................................9
3.3................................................................................................................................................9
3.4..............................................................................................................................................10
3.5..............................................................................................................................................10
3.6..............................................................................................................................................10
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................10
4.1..............................................................................................................................................10
4.2..............................................................................................................................................11

UNIT 65 (Recruitment, selection and induction practice).............................................................11
TASK 1..........................................................................................................................................11
1.1..............................................................................................................................................11
1.2..............................................................................................................................................11
1.3..............................................................................................................................................11
1.4..............................................................................................................................................12
1.5..............................................................................................................................................12
1.6..............................................................................................................................................12
1.7..............................................................................................................................................12
1.8..............................................................................................................................................12
1.9..............................................................................................................................................13
TASK 2..........................................................................................................................................13
2.1..............................................................................................................................................13
2.2..............................................................................................................................................13
2.3..............................................................................................................................................13
2.4..............................................................................................................................................13
2.5..............................................................................................................................................14
2.6..............................................................................................................................................14
2.7..............................................................................................................................................14
TASK 3..........................................................................................................................................14
3.1..............................................................................................................................................14
3.2..............................................................................................................................................14
3.3..............................................................................................................................................14
3.4..............................................................................................................................................14
3.5..............................................................................................................................................15
3.6..............................................................................................................................................15
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................15
4.1..............................................................................................................................................15
4.2..............................................................................................................................................15
4.3..............................................................................................................................................15
4.4..............................................................................................................................................16

4.5..............................................................................................................................................16
4.6..............................................................................................................................................16
4.7..............................................................................................................................................16
UNIT 73.........................................................................................................................................16
TASK 1..........................................................................................................................................16
1.1..............................................................................................................................................16
1.2..............................................................................................................................................17
1.3..............................................................................................................................................17
1.4..............................................................................................................................................17
1.5..............................................................................................................................................17
1.6..............................................................................................................................................17
TASK 2..........................................................................................................................................18
2.1..............................................................................................................................................18
2.2..............................................................................................................................................18
2.3..............................................................................................................................................18
TASK 3..........................................................................................................................................19
3.1..............................................................................................................................................19
3.2..............................................................................................................................................19
3.3..............................................................................................................................................19
3.4..............................................................................................................................................19
3.5..............................................................................................................................................20
3.6..............................................................................................................................................20
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................20
4.1..............................................................................................................................................20
4.2..............................................................................................................................................20
4.3..............................................................................................................................................21
4.4..............................................................................................................................................21
4.5..............................................................................................................................................21
4.6..............................................................................................................................................21
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................21

INTRODUCTION
Business administration can be said as an important element in an organisation. They
provides employees with a systematic procedure of doing any task (Hettne, 2016). Managers and
leaders helps their workers and guide them in performing the task. In this report, management of
office facility is mentioned along with how to handle the mail.
UNIT 11 (Manage Office Facility)
1.1
 Identify Problems
 Plan Changes
 Implement Changes
 Monitor the Procedures
1.2
 Identify Priorities
 Adopt a Good Attitude
 Learning
1.3
 Act Like a Business Owner
 Research
 Sell Your Department Wisely
 Start a Dialogue
 Keep Your Maintenance On-Schedule
1.4
The office
Services
 Receiving incoming and sending outgoing communications in the form of electronic mail,
letters, forms, telephone, fax and courier (Cascio, 2018). Recording and sorting information for future references.
Staff
 Identifying the roles of clerical, secretarial, reception and administrative support staff.

 Describe their basic duties and responsibilities.
Health and Safety
 Identify potential hazards in an office and explain how they can be avoided.
 Describe and undertakes standard procedures for reporting hazards and accidents. Identify safe working practice to maintain a safe and healthy working environment
(Picard, 2014).
Systems and Procedures
Handling the mail
 Describe a system for opening, distributing and circulating incoming mail within an
organisation Describe procedures for preparing and despatching outgoing mail.
Stationary and stock
 Describing simple stock control procedures for the ordering, storing and issuing of office
stationery and suppliers. Complete stock requisitions and stock control cards.
purchase and sale of goods
 Identify the principle documents used in the purchase and sale of goods.
 Differentiate between trade and cash discounts.
1.5
 Hire an Adequate Workforce
 Offer Fair Compensation
 Don’t Micromanage
 Ask for Suggestions
UNIT 15 (Analyse and present business data)
TASK 1
1.1
Primary Data
Advantages:
 Research is oriented for specific goals and purpose, cutting out possibility of wasting
resources (Pollard, Minor and Swanson, 2014).

 Gives original research quality, and does not carry bias or opinions of third parties.
Disadvantages:
 Primary research may ask for huger expense than secondary research. The procedure is more time consuming, and costs a lot of assets.
Secondary Data
Advantages:
 Cost-effect, ready made observations, less time spent on gathering information.
 Statistically reliable, less requirement of expertise from internal team. Trustable and ethical practices existing to support or organize other researches.
Disadvantages:
 Information may be unsuitable for current research project.
 Not customized, may require intensive study to judge validity of data.
1.2
Qualitative
Qualitative Research is primarily exploratory research. It is used to gain an understanding
of underlying reasons, opinions, and motivations. It provides insights into the problem or helps
to develop ideas or hypotheses for potential quantitative research.
Quantitative
Quantitative Research is used to quantify the problem by way of generating numerical
data or data that can be transformed into usable statistics. Quantitative Research uses measurable
data to formulate facts and uncover patterns in research. Quantitative data collection methods
include various forms of surveys –online surveys, paper surveys, mobile surveys and kiosk
surveys, face-to-face interviews etc (De Meyer, 2013).
1.3
Evaluating the quality of research is essential if findings are to be utilised in practice and
incorporated into care delivery. Concepts such as reliability, validity and generalisability
typically associated with quantitative research and alternative terminology will be compared in
relation to their application to qualitative research (Smith, Brännström and Jansson, 2015).
1.4
 Surveys

 One-on-one Interviews
 Focus Groups
 Blogs and Social Networks
1.5
 Biased sampling
 Vague data
 Not a valid hypothesis
1.6
 Reliability
 Validity
 Biased answers
 May be not authentic
1.7
 Scope and purpose
 Principles
 Appropriate methods and tools
 Interpretation of results
 Presentation of results
 Quality indicators
TASK 2
2.1
These factors include the number of repetitions to ensure the statistical characteristic of
the study, the variation range of the mean closing time of the circuit-breaker contacts, the model
used for the representation of the transmission line, and the influence of transposition (Bowman
and Thompson, 2013). The shunt compensation degree is considered as an independent
parameter.
2.2
 Informed consent
 Respect for anonymity and confidentiality

 Skills of the researcher
2.3
 Define a layout for your data organization
 Separate your data into categories
 Analyse your data using a variety of tools.
2.4
Valid
They can use suitable elements from which company can get better results.
Reliable
Reliable which they got must be dependable and trustworthy.
2.5
When analysing data from a probability sample, analytical methods that ignore the survey
design can be appropriate, provided that sufficient model conditions for analysis are met
(Ahamed, Inohara and Kamoshida, 2013).
 Simple random sampling
 Data structure
 Variables
2.6
 Separate data from analysis, and make analysis repeatable
 If possible, check your data against another source
 Document your process.
 Get feedback from others
2.7
Once a researcher has designed the study and collected the data, it is time to examine the
information and draw conclusions about what has been found so that he/she can evaluate the
possible outcomes.

TASK 3
3.1
To start a file there is always a proper structure and style which company has to follow so
that it can be executed in a proper manner. In this aspect, all font, style, size need to understand
and inspect properly which consider under the house style (Skärvad and Bruzelius, 2017).
3.2
With every data and its analysis, there is a risk various limitations that can hamper the
reliability and its understanding. Thus, this section have to understand by the company and
should be able to provide information properly with graphs and charts.
3.3
Every data need to be analysed properly so that they can put all essential source into it.
This will make easy to evaluate such things properly as well as better understanding about every
consideration get done (Fishburn, 2013).
UNIT 19 (Handle Mail)
1.1
 Return to sender
 Mail Preference Service
 Door-to-door opt out
 Contact the sender
1.2
Mail falls firstly into 2 categories:
 Internal: From inside. Example: memos, reports, forms, notices.
 External: From outside the organisation. Example: e – mail, from computer to computer.
 Traditional: Hand delivered. Anything send by post.
 Electronic: Via telephones. Example: e – mail, fax.
1.3
A franking machine is a device that franks all outgoing mail with the date, item price and
usually a return address and company logo.

1.4
After all the post, has been franked, it to be placed inside the appropriate posting bag,
based on its class: this is for easier distribution.
1.5
To ensure security of mail items, all post addressed to employees are organised and
delivered to their pigeon holes, to be opened by themselves (Hanf, 2014).
1.6
There are several ways to identify a suspicious item, some characteristicsinclude5
misspelling of name or address, no return address, stains, discolouration or a strange odour, or
uneven/unnecessary packaging.
3.2
Firstly collect the mail from my co-workers, register the mail on a control registry of
outgoing mail, including information such as the sender, recipient, subject and the Method of
Dispatch (Foss and Knudsen, 2013).
UNIT 55 (Manage a Budget)
1.1
A project budget is the total sum of money allocated for the particular purpose of the
project for a specific period of time. The reality is that most project managers spend most of their
efforts on completing the project on schedule.
1.2
 Getting broad business buy-in is vital to building a business case for a mid market BI
project, according to analysts and BI pros.
 There can be a large educational component to the content analytics business case
because the technology is unfamiliar ground for many people.
1.3
Project managers use stakeholder analysis to identity the key stakeholder and to assess
interests, positions, alliances, and importance given to the project by such stakeholders. Such
knowledge allows project managers to interact more effectively with stakeholders and to increase
support for a given policy, program, or project (Hesselbarth and Schaltegger, 2014).

1.4
 Preparing the Budget
 Approving the Budget
 Executing the Budget
 Evaluating the Budget
TASK 2
2.1
 Forecast of income and expenditure
 Tool for decision making
 Monitoring business performance
2.2
 Planning for business success
 The benefits
 Creating a budget
 Key steps in drawing up a budget
 Use budget to measure performance
 Review your budget regularity (Allais and Hagen, 2013)
2.3
 Risk Assessment
 Developing the Plan
 Maintaining the Plan
2.4
 Strategic Plan
 Business Goals
 Revenue Projections
 Variable Cost Projections
 Annual Goal Expenses
 Target Profit Margin
 Board Approval
 Budget Review

 Dealing With Budget Variances
TASK 3
3.1
 Planning
 Prioritizing (Laguador, 2013)
 Continuous Improvement
 Forecasting
3.2
Labour
Materials
Flexible Budget
Cost and Efficiency
3.3
Accountants usually express favourable variances as positive numbers and unfavourable
variances as negative numbers. However, some accountants and managerial accounting
textbooks avoid expressing any variance values as negative but always notate whether a variance
is favourable or unfavourable (Hettne, 2016). Still other accountants call variances positive when
the actual amount exceeds budget and negative when the actual amount falls short of budget.
3.4
POSITIVE VARIANCES– anything that boosts profits
Better than expected result
Costs lower than expected
Revenue higher than expected
NEGATIVE VARIANCES– anything that reduces profit
Worse than expected result
Costs higher than expected
Revenue lower than expected

3.5
 Align company-wide strategic goals through an EPMO
 Practice benefits realization management
 Bridge the gap between strategy formulation and execution
 Gain (and maintain) executive sponsorship
 Hire (and retain) the right talent
 Adopt agile
 Tackle technology and business disruption (Cascio, 2018).
3.6
The main responsibility of employees is to play in the prevention of fraud and
malpractice both through the way they carry out their work and in their general conduct.
TASK 4
4.1
 Remember that budgets aren’t real.
 Focus on making a budget actionable, not accurate.
 Identify drivers of financial performance.
 Break away from the ‘once per year’ mentality (Pollard, Minor and Swanson, 2014).
4.2
 Keep Budgeting and Forecasting Flexible
 Implement Rolling Forecasts and Budgets
 Be Clear About Your Goals
 Plan for Various Scenarios
 Track Everything
 Include Profit and Cash Flow Goals
UNIT 65 (Recruitment, selection and induction practice)
TASK 1
1.1
 Context and Environment
 Current Workforce Profile

 Future Workforce Profile
 Gap Analysis and Closing Strategies (De Meyer, 2013)
 Conclusion, review, evaluation strategy and next steps
1.2
 Understand your need – job analysis.
 Understand what you want
 Onboarding and Training
 Review
1.3
 Organizational culture
 Corporate cultures could be a world apart
 Recruiting for organizational culture means marketing your culture
1.4
 Suitability
 Consistency (Smith, Brännström and Jansson, 2015)
 Legality
 Credibility
 Transparency
1.5
 Telephone and video interviews
 Structured interviews
 Informal meetings
 Work simulation exercises
1.6
 Full time employees
 Part-time employees
 Job-sharing arrangements
 Permanent and fixed term posts
1.7
 Job Specification

 Job description
 Job advertisement (Bowman and Thompson, 2013)
1.8
 Organizational culture and the expectations of employees
 Fresh tasks and procedures
 Important contacts
 Practical arrangements
 Initial role direction and focus
1.9
 Follow-up and monitor the relationship is very essential as company get to know about
the behaviour of individuals working in an organisation (Ahamed, Inohara and
Kamoshida, 2013).
 Service relationship It serves other departments in recruiting people who have the skills
and competencies.
TASK 2
2.1
Staffing needs are for a specific job category or job code.
 Age
 Education
 Training
 Experience
 Specialised skills
 Current position
 Previous position
2.2
Workplace efficiency could mean combining two jobs into one, even if a current
employee lacks a certain skill, or expanding the job role of one individual to prevent a future
hire. To stay on top in our changing world, skills testing allows employers to see where their
employees stand in reference to specific skill sets (Skärvad and Bruzelius, 2017).

2.3
 the age of your employees and their retirement plans;
 the increasing diversity of the population;
 that an employee’s development needs may change as a job role changes.
2.4
 Key skills needed for success
 Difference between training and recruitment
 The use of agencies and other third parties versus using own staff
2.5
Time is the key dimension that impacts on cost. The more time you can spend on it
yourself, the lower the cost in terms of money (Fishburn, 2013). But time is, of course, a cost in
itself so a judicious balancing of money and time will deliver the most cost-effective approach.
2.6
The Equality Act 2010, There are ‘protected characteristics ‘in the act. In addition, types
of discrimination, victimization and harassment are covered.
2.7
Effective selection is essential to recruit people with the right skills and experience to
drive the organisation forward. Employers spend a lot of time and money recruiting new staff, so
it is important that they follow good practice and get it right first time.
TASK 3
3.1
Assessment processes include:
 Psychometric testing this helps in differentiating the behavior of two or more individual.
3.2
 C.V (Hanf, 2014).
 Person specification, references
 Interview performance

3.3
Criteria are established, prior to assessment, in order to filter out those candidates who do
not meet both the minimum criteria and essential requirements, as stated in the person
specification.
3.4
Process for unsuccessful candidates:
 provide information of not selected as soon as possible
Process for successful candidates:
 Written conditional offer and contact with the individual and explain all the things related
to the job.
3.5
Depending on the success criteria established by the organization, effectiveness is
evaluated is directly associated with the performance (Foss and Knudsen, 2013).
3.6
While carrying out the process policies and procedures is very essential so that all the
aspect is fulfilled.
TASK 4
4.1
Induction materials are designed to:
 Enable the new employee is such a way that they perform the task properly.
 Increase training accessibility
 Healthy relationship is important.
4.2
Induction information is made available at a general and specific level, increasing use
being made of accessible online information through the company website links. Essential
policies and procedures are made available at Induction; Ones that are of direct and immediate
concern to the new employee e.g. Health and Safety (Hesselbarth and Schaltegger, 2014).

4.3
Roles and responsibilities helps employees to understand their job requirements, what
they are expected to do and the teams that they are part of.
4.4
Depending on the nature of the help required, key contacts will be named e.g. line
manager in order that questions can be responded to and requests to be performed (Allais and
Hagen, 2013).
4.5
 Identifying role -specific performance requirements ,knowledge , skills and ability levels
 Identifying specific performance requirements, skills, experience and ability levels in
new starters
 Specific role requirements/ levels of skill or experience required
4.6
On-the-job training- Employees receive training whilst remaining in the workplace,
main methods include proper training in order to enhance the skills and performance.
Off-the-job training- Distance learning is included in this so that an individual can learn
form wherever they want.
4.7
Models of support
The level and nature of support required will vary during the induction period examples include:
• Standard supervision
• Non-delineated supervision and support
UNIT 73
TASK 1
1.1
Objectives: High risk or high priority objective should have decisions made against them
first and knowing the risks and priorities.
Scope: Knowing the specific details of the tasks and jobs that need to be achieved to meet
the objective and reach a successful conclusion.

Success: It is important to decide how they can be achieved in order to ensure that all
parts of the task or project is completed and achieved on time and fully (Hettne, 2016).
1.2
 Financial implications on too much resource being used or too little being used
 Allocation of work to specific people, ensuring that correct knowledge and expertise is
given against each aspect of the task or project. If this is not done correctly it could mean
the task or project being delivered late or not at all.
1.3
It also allows the manager to see any potential risks or barriers to the successful
completion of the task/project. If information obtained is not sufficient or valid, then the
successful completion of the task/project will be seriously compromised, as the team could be
working towards an incorrect target and goal through mis-information.
1.4
Continue to ensure that work being done meets with the ethical, moral, financial
reputation/view of the organisation and thus lessen any risk of negative impression externally by
following procedures set by the organisation, the manager can ensure that work is up to standard
and in line with rules of the organisation. Thus lessening any risk of non-compliance that may be
legislative, regulatory or organisational.
1.5
 Integrity of person/s or site/s information came from
 Checking information against details and specification of task/project requirements
Against other information received and being used already.
1.6
Financial, Resource based, People – if not enough budget is allocated to the task/project
then the quality of the productivity or the product may be slightly inferior or sub-standard for the
organisation. Likewise this has a direct impact on the resources and people used and if these are
lacking, it could have a detrimental impact on the target as it could potentially be missed
completely. This would be due to lack of personnel or resources for the task/project (Cascio,
2018).

TASK 2
2.1
Main responsibility of a manager: The primary function for the manager is to achieve
organisation objectives and this is the influence they have on their teams e.g. ensuring the jobs
get done.
The main responsibility of a leader: Leaders tend to show personal passion and are an
inspiration to team members.
2.2
Context - A team working routinely with highly toxic and dangerous chemicals on a
daily basis.
 Leadership styles and evaluation of suitability - Charismatic leadership style – would be
good for motivating and inspiring team members but not suitable for routine tasks with
high risk.
 Bureaucratic leadership style – good for highly risky situations as managers follows rules
rigorously.
 Leadership style and impact of these on the context - Charismatic leadership style –
Impact would be negative as following routines is important in a high risk environment
and although it is good to motivate teams, a more directive approach of leadership would
be more appropriate.
Bureaucratic leadership style –Impact would be positive as all team members would be very
clear about procedures and rules that have to be adhered to in a highly risky environment.
2.3
Maslow's original Hierarchy of Needs model was developed between 1943-1954, and
first widely published in Motivation and Personality in 1954. At this time the Hierarchy of Needs
model comprised five needs. This original version remains for most people the definitive
Hierarchy of Needs (Pollard, Minor and Swanson, 2014).
 Biological and Physiological needs - air, food, drink, shelter, warmth, sex, sleep, etc.
 Safety needs - protection from elements, security, order, law, limits, stability, etc.
 Belongingness and Love needs - work group, family, affection, relationships, etc.

 Esteem needs - self-esteem, achievement, mastery, independence, status, dominance,
prestige, managerial responsibility, etc.
 Self-Actualization needs - realising personal potential, self-fulfillment, seeking personal
growth and peak experiences
In 1959 Herzberg wrote the following useful little phrase, which helps explain this
fundamental part of his theory, i.e., that the factors which motivate people at work are different
to and not simply the opposite of the factors which cause dissatisfaction.
TASK 3
3.1
Analysis of a manager’s responsibilities for planning, co-ordinating and controlling work
can be – these are the most common functions of a manager and should be performed during
normal work.
 Planning should take account of planned and unexpected contingencies, plans should be
flexible enough to be amended as and when needed.
3.2
Specific, Measurable, Agreed, Realistic, Time-bound. If you're setting a standard, or
an objective for yourself, or agreeing an objective with another person, the task or standard must
meet these criteria to be effective. The same applies to communications which urge some sort of
action or change by the audience/listener/reader (De Meyer, 2013).
3.3
The manager is the person who ensures that the team also works within these parameters
and monitors the progress of achievements against the given rules and procedures, ethos and
culture.
3.4
The manager is the person who ensures that the team also works within these parameters
and monitors the progress of achievements against the given rules and procedures, ethos and
culture.
• Nudge theory – modern change management concept that helps managers to understand
people’s way of thinking, helping them to improve upon this and managing change of all
types.

• Corporate governance - manages the risk involved within leadership, authority, ego,
wealth creation, responsibility, ethics etc. and how these issues reconcile and conflict
within organisational and market settings (Hesselbarth and Schaltegger, 2014).
3.5
Information and explanations on how directive a manager will need to be dependent on
the theory used, how hands on a manager needs to be with managing different aspects of team
behaviours, thinking processes and motivations and commitments. How directive a manager is
regarding risk for the organisation and cost to reputation as a whole – this fits in with ethos and
culture.
3.6
 Ability to be able to forward plan effectively – workwise and also growth wise
• Inability to gain loans or financial backing from investors, banks, etc
Allows organisations to stage growth and expansion.
TASK 4
4.1
The objectives are set first and within this key criteria of outcomes are set also.
• This then feeds into the performance measurement across all levels of personnel within
the organisation and is linked into specific job roles and outcomes of performance levels
expected within each role.
These outcomes against each aspect of the performance indicators then feeds back into the
organisation overall objectives.
4.2
Visible and appropriately used, measures outputs as well as inputs, encourages trust
between parties using the system, measures only key indicators, is easy for the collection and
utilisation of information and data (Foss and Knudsen, 2013).
4.3
Make sure that what is being set is measurable, map core business processes, mapped
core business processes are aligned to roles, responsibilities and any factors for success that are

critical to the business, select the KPIs based on success criteria established, set target and
review dates.
4.4
It should also contain the timetabling for reviews and when these will take place, what
data collection method will be used and where the data information will come from,
responsibilities, analysis and then any actions following the monitoring and reporting.
4.5
This then feeds into measurable, valuable and relevant data and information and can be
used to identify and action any improvement being needed. The use of integrated performance
management (IPM) this would include taking a holistic look at planning, budgeting, forecasting,
reporting, performance measurement and profitability (Allais and Hagen, 2013).
4.6
Output: Outputs are related to organisation objectives. Outcomes are the things that take
place because of the organisation’s products or services and this includes the unexpected as well
as the expected, the good as well as the bad.
Outcomes: The outcomes are the changes that take place as you carry out your aims or
objectives as an organisation and the outcomes may not be what the organisation planned them
to be initially (Laguador, 2013).
CONCLUSION
From the above report it can be concluded that, business administration is an essential
part for a company. As they provides with related information like how much money they
require, budgeting the entire process of business operations etc.

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