This document provides a business analysis for information technology in the context of the construction industry. It discusses the ethical consequences of shifting from traditional to digital platforms, frameworks for analysis, IT governance, and recommendations.
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Running head: BUSINESS ANALYSIS FOR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY BUSINESS ANALYSIS FOR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Name of the System Name of the University Author Note
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1BUSINESS ANALYSIS FOR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Table of Contents Introduction................................................................................................................................2 Background................................................................................................................................2 Frameworks for analysis (Ethical aspect)..................................................................................2 IT Governance framework.........................................................................................................4 Assessment of the ethical consequences for shifting from traditional to digital platform.........6 Governance issues......................................................................................................................9 Recommendation........................................................................................................................9 Conclusion................................................................................................................................10 References................................................................................................................................12
2BUSINESS ANALYSIS FOR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Introduction A discussion regarding the background of the case study that is chosen. A brief discussion regarding the framework analysis will also be made in this discussion. Discussions regarding IT Governance framework will also be made in this discussion. Assessment of the ethical issues that might arise are stated in this report. Governance issues that might be present will also be stated in this report. Recommendation s that are to be used in the process of proper development of the ethical processing will also be stated in this report. Background Westfield Group has been a real estate business organization that is mainly concerned with the construction process of buildings. Constructing of shopping malls have been the major mark of the Westfield Group. This has been providing with the processing of shopping malls. That helps win better commencing of revenue earning. Constricting of railway tracks, buildings and shopping malls have been the major resource of the Westfield Group. There has been an issue that is arising. With the increase in acceptance of the digital technology in the sales and marketing department the sales aspect of the business management have been getting affected in a negative manner. Hence Westfield Group have been trying to implement the digital technology and platform in the shopping malls that are being constructed by them. Developing of digital storefronts and collection hub have been a major aim of the Westfield Group. Implementation of other digital platforms are also aimed for being implemented in the shopping malls. Frameworks for analysis (Ethical aspect) ConsequentialistFrameworkhavebeentheethicalframeworkthatcanbe implemented in this case of the Westfield Group constructing process. The reason of
3BUSINESS ANALYSIS FOR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY implementingthesameisthatthefunctionalprocessisconcernedwiththeexternal stakeholders (Ghildyal and Chang 2017). The external stakeholders have been the general audiencethathasbeengettingprocessedasthestakeholders.Themainreasonof implementing the consequentialist framework includes the fact that estimation of the output is taken into consideration. This is considered to be the main reason that the functional process gets benefitted as the decision making that made is made as per the predicted output that can be achieved. Hence the accuracy level of the decision making is generally higher and hence the performance of the entire project gets better (Jnr and Pa 2015). The sole issue that is present in this case is that the predictions that are made might not be accurate always. In case of the using the framework of consequentialism, the amount of good, a deed will be performed will be stated and hence decision is made. In case the intensity of good the deed will provide is lower the deed is not performed and deed that provides better and higher good towards the completion of the project are selected (Rebolloet al,2015). This is another issue that for deci0son making all the possible options that are present are tested. Despite the fact that the decision making that is performed with the help of this terminology provides high accuracy but the time that is taken in the decision making has been very high. This has been the major reason that this process is seldom used in case of haste. But as Westfield Group are looking for long term solution they can afford to use this framework (Selig 2016). Out of all the factors that are present in the consequentialism, the factor that is used in this case of Westfield Group constructing buildings and shopping malls, Utilitarianism will be the most beneficial ethical factor. The main reason of implementing utilitarianism in caser of the Westfield Group construction project is because the entire functioning of the decision making is performed as per the predictive outcomes (Huyghet al,2018). This help in prevailing the transparency. This prevailing of transparency has been provisioning of proper decision making. Hence the
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4BUSINESS ANALYSIS FOR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY functional process of Westfield Group gets better. As per the Utilitarianism, the task that provides the highest result is taken into consideration. This process is considered to be a normative theory of ethics. In case of Utilitarianism the moral aspect is subdivided under the heading of good and bad (Radhakrishnan and Assessor 2015). In this case the good is defined as the presence of pleasure and absence of pain and the deed is considered to be ethically bad only if the amount pain that is provided is higher than that of the pleasure that might be received.AspertheUtilitarianism,gooddeedsareonlyconsidered.Thisprocessis considered as the utility (Mulyanto 2018). From the above discussion it can be stated that the processing of the Westfield Group will be highly benefitted with the help of usage of this terminology. As per the usage of this terminology, the pleasure of the customer who will be visiting the shopping mall will be considered. This has been a major reason that this terminology has been gaining high acceptance in this case. IT Governance framework COBIT 5.0 is the IT framework that can be used in the processing of the IT governance framework. This IT Governance framework will be benefitting the functional process of theWestfield Group construction project. Stakeholder demands are the main concern that will be provided as per the processing of the management of the IT related goals. The main function of using the COBIT 5.0 is that the framework provides a platform for the communicationprocess (Haes and Grembergen 2016). Thiscommunicationprocess is performed as per the management of related goals and results and objectives that are to be performed. With the help of the usage of the COBIT the main advantage Westfield Group will enjoy is that the functional process will be providing the benefit of taking proper decisions. This proper decision making will be performed and Westfield Group will get benefitted as per the decision making process (Gantman and Fedorowicz 2016). This insists the fact that IT related risks will be well managed and hence optimizing of the services as per
5BUSINESS ANALYSIS FOR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY the technological cost. With the help of the implementation of the COBIT 5, the gap that is present in between the stakeholders of the Westfield Group gets diminished (Pereira, Ferreira and Amaral 2017). This helps in better communication development process. The risks that are present in the commencing of the business management can be performed. This is one of the main reason that usage of the COBIT 5 have been benefitting the executional process of Westfield Group. COBIT 5 is integrated with the business goals (Pereira and Ferreira 2015). After proper alignment of the goals with the framework of COBIT 5 has been benefitting the functioning process is performed as per the requirement and hence the alignment process gets performed in a highly accurate manner. Performing planning and scheduling developing is one of the major aspect that provides better understanding of the data base system. This developing of the COBIT 5 helps in better analysis of the data that are generated during the commencing of data management system (Paneet al,2018). Proper scheduling of the data will ensure the fact that business management process gets performed in a better manner. The IT director and the CIO are responsible for proper performance of the personal audits for security aspects. With the help of the COBIT 5, the risk assessment can be performed (Pereira, Ferreira and Amaral 2017). The advantage of implementing the COBIT 5 includes proper maintaining of the high quality of the information and hence support business decision can be made. With the help of the COBIT 5, achieving of the strategic goals are performed and realising the benefits of the business and hence innovative usage of IT has been performed (De Haeset al,2016). Proper processing of the operational excellence will be made. This is one of the main reason that maintaining of the risk at an acceptable level will be accepted. Optimizing of the cost is also one of the major aspect that is provided by the COBIT 5 (Heinzeet al,2016). COBIT 5 also helps in identifying the advantages that will be required for bettering of the business processing of the shopping malls that are constructed by the Westfield Group. The main
6BUSINESS ANALYSIS FOR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY advantage of implementing COBIT 5 is that the laws and regulations that are to be followed are noted by the COBIT 5. Assessment of the ethical consequences for shifting from traditional to digital platform With the implementation of the digital implication the main aspect that will be taken into consideration includes several ethical issues. This is one of the major reason that the processing of the digital platform in the business management process of the Westfield Group willprovideseveralethicaldilemmas(LahavandZimand-Sheiner2016).Ethical considerations as per the social perspective will be performed as per the involvement of the digital eruption in the shopping malls that are being constructed by the Westfield Group. Data management has been one of the major ethical issue that is present in the implementation of the digital platform. The ethical issue that will be considered in this case of constructing of shopping malls that are having digital technology integrated in them and are constructed by the Westfield Group includes data breaching, ethical issue in tracking of the customer demands. Market research performing with the help of unethical means have been considered as one of the major aspect of the ethical issue that might arise in this case (Martin and Murphy 2017). Implementation of third party platform for tracking of the data of the customers are also considered as one of the major issue that lies in the presence of the digital technology as per the processing of the data collection and analysing of the same as per the data that are generatedinthedatacollectionprocess(Parsons,MaclaranandChatzidakis2017). Performing of digital marketing with and without the concern of the customers are also considered as the ethical issues that are present.
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7BUSINESS ANALYSIS FOR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY As per the implementation of the terminology of the digital system processing, the main advantage that is present includes the fact the customers who will be getting in the shopping malls that are constructed by Westfield Group might need to sign in for buying and selling products. This imbibes the fact that proper storing of the data that are provided by the buyers must be performed in a proper manner so that the data does not gets breached. In this case the visitor can be signing in the system of the shopping mall that is constructed by the Westfield Group and this will lead to the fact that the data that are stored in the database will be accessible by the developing team (Rowley 2016). This also insists the fact that the data that are stored in the data base can be accessed by the imposters. This will affect the buyers whohavebeenvisitingtheshoppingmall.Anotheraspectthatcanbetakeninto consideration is that live tracking might be performed in the processing of the system that will enable the higher authority of the shopping malls that are constructed by the Westfield Group to monitor the buyers who will be visiting the malls (McGloin and Eslami 2015). Till the time that the buyers are signed in can be tracked. In case the buyer who have left the shopping mall that has been implementing the digital terminology and has forgotten to sign out of the system the data regarding the positioning of the customer can be tracked. Despite the fact that this processing of the real time tracking will be benefitting the shopping of the buyers as they will be getting the assistance of the managing team (Tjiptono and Arli 2016). Despite this aspect the ethical aspect needs to be taken into consideration. This is one of the major aspect that will ensure that the data that are gathered during the live tracking can be used for tracking of the buyers during their sales and after their sales process. With the implementation of the digital technology in the shopping malls that are constructed by Westfield Group the payment method that is used is digital payment method. This implementation of the digital payment method, the buyers gets benefitted as the payment process gets highly convincing (Robinson 2015). This implementation of the digital payment
8BUSINESS ANALYSIS FOR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY process can be beneficial as well as ethically challenging. The data that are provided during the transaction process can be used against the buyers as well. This has been the most significant ethical issue. As per the processing of the data that are gathered during the transaction process, the main aspect that is present is that the imposter can gain access to the data that are stored in the data set of the shopping malls that are constructed by the Westfield Group. This will ensure that the imposters are capable of stealing the identity of the victims and enact on behalf of genuine users and hence gain access to the banking details. This ensures the fact that robustness of the data set needs to be performed. Another ethical issue that is present in the processing of the implementation of the digital platform of the shopping mall insists the fact that contact details of the buyers will be available to the higher authority of the shopping mall. This will be considered as one of the major aspect that will ensure the advertisement of the products that are being launched gets performedinapropermanner.Incasethebuyersdonotwanttoseepromotional advertisements they are sometime forced to see them and promotional messages are sent to them. This forceful marketing acts as an ethical dilemma in the entire case of shopping mall business making process. With the presence of the Wi Fi system in the shopping the mobile networks gets connected in the local server. This might benefit the imposters to gain access to the data that are present in the mobile device. This presence of Wi Fi in the shopping malls might be benefitting the entire process of shopping system but the data breaching issue acts as a major ethical issue that is present in the system this is one of the major aspect that allows the imposters to crack the security of the networking system and gain access to the data set. This gaining access to the data sets that are stored in the mobiles acts unethical in nature. This has been a major ethical dilemma as the benefits that are gained due to the implementation of the
9BUSINESS ANALYSIS FOR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Wi Fi system makes it an integrated part of the system. But the ethical issues also needs to be taken into consideration as this may harm the buyers. Governance issues The cost that is incurred in setting up of the digital platform has been very high. This implementation of the digital platform ensures the fact proper management of the governing will be done. This governing efficiency will include the fact that the data that are collected can be used for [roper governing if the shopping mall. However the cost that at is incurred in the implementation process of the same is very high and no direct profit is received after the implementation of the digital governance technology. The turnover of the shopping mall will not be affected in direct manner and hence this will include the fact that the investment that being made might be encouraged as per the commencing of the implementation of the digital technology in the shopping malls for the governance purpose. Intellectual progressiveness is a major advantage that is enjoyed in the processing of innovation implementation as the entire processing will be made in order to provide a better understandingoftherequirementthatisrequiredintheprocessingofthebusiness organization. In case the innovation strategies that are to be implemented are leaked via the digital platform and gets implemented by the competitors of the shopping mall the strategy will lose its effectiveness and the unique of the strategy gets lost. This ensures the fact that the implementation of the digital platform might affect the strategy implementation process. Recommendation The recommendations that are to be provided as per the processing of the shopping malls are as follows: -
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10BUSINESS ANALYSIS FOR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Firewall needs to be implemented. With the help of the implementation of the firewall, the imposters cannot be gain access to the data and hence security relayed ethical issues can be mitigated. Piwik tool cam be used in the system as with the help of the Piwik data tracking can be performd in a better manner. The data that are present can be maintained with high security. Usage of COBIT 5 as the IT Governance tool can be made. This ensures that the IT related risks that are present can be kept under an acceptable level. This ensures the fact that proper management of the operational excellence can be controlled as well. Conclusion Digital technology has been emerging in a rapid rate. Acceptance of the technology of digital platform implementation in different systems have been benefitting the functional process of the day to day life of the people who have been using the platform. The major reason of the acceptance of this terminology is that the convenience that is created by the digital technology platform has been helping in better commencement of daily tasks. Implementationofdigitalplatforminthefieldoftheshoppingandmarketing.This implementation of the digital technology has been providing a huge options to the buyers and the audience base. This is one of the major reason that the focus have been shifting from the physical marketing from shopping malls to shopping from the digital platforms. Hence proper management of the data management ensures the fact that better commencement of business making gets affected as per the usage of digital technology. This implementation of the digital platform in the sales and marketing department induces the fact that the business making and revenue collection has been decreasing. From the above discussion it can be stated that the shopping malls that are to be constructed by Westfield Group, and introduced digital technology in the processing of the shopping malls incur the fact that proper revenue
11BUSINESS ANALYSIS FOR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY earning can be made. With the increasing competition on the field of shopping as inclusion of digital technology has been increasing Westfield Group had decided to implement digital platform in their shopping malls even. Despite the benefits several ethical issue will be present but with the stated recommendation those issues can be mitigated.
12BUSINESS ANALYSIS FOR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY References Ghildyal, A. and Chang, E., 2017. IT Governance, IT/Business Alignment and Organization Performance for Public Sectors.Journal of Economics, Business and Management,5(6), pp.255-260. Rebollo,O., Mellado,D., Fernández-Medina, E. andMouratidis,H., 2015. Empirical evaluation of a cloud computing information security governance framework.Information and Software Technology,58, pp.44-57. Selig, G.J., 2016. IT governance-an integrated framework and roadmap: How to plan, deploy and sustain for improved effectiveness.Journal of International Technology and Information Management,25(1), p.4. Huygh, T., De Haes, S., Joshi, A. and Van Grembergen, W., 2018, January. Answering key global IT management concerns through IT governance and management processes: A COBIT 5 View. InProceedings of the 51st Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. Radhakrishnan, S. and Assessor, C.C., 2015. COBIT Helps Organizations Meet Performance and Compliance Requirements.COBIT Focus, pp.1-6. Haes, S.D. and Grembergen, W.V., 2016. Enterprise governance of information technology: achieving alignment and value, featuring COBIT 5. Gantman, S. and Fedorowicz, J., 2016. Communicationand controlin outsourced IS development projects: Mapping to COBIT domains.International Journal of Accounting Information Systems,21, pp.63-83.
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13BUSINESS ANALYSIS FOR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Pereira, C. and Ferreira, C., 2015. Identificação de Práticas e Recursos de Gestão do Valor das TI no COBIT 5/Identification of IT Value Management Practices and Resources in COBIT 5.Revista Ibérica de Sistemas e Tecnologias de Informação, (15), p.17. Pane,S.F.,Awangga,R.M.,Nuraini,R.andFathonah,S.,2018,April.Analysisof Investment IT Planning on Logistic Company Using COBIT 5. InJournal of Physics: Conference Series(Vol. 1007, No. 1, p. 012051). IOP Publishing. De Haes, S., Huygh, T., Joshi, A. and Van Grembergen, W., 2016. Adoption and impact of IT governance and management practices: a COBIT 5 perspective.International Journal of IT/Business Alignment and Governance (IJITBAG),7(1), pp.50-72. Heinze, A., Fletcher, G., Rashid, T. and Cruz, A., 2016.Digital and social media marketing: a results-driven approach. Routledge. Lahav, T. and Zimand-Sheiner, D., 2016. Public relations and the practice of paid content: Practical, theoretical propositions and ethical implications.Public Relations Review,42(3), pp.395-401. Martin, K.D. and Murphy, P.E., 2017. The role of data privacy in marketing.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,45(2), pp.135-155. Parsons, E., Maclaran, P. and Chatzidakis, A., 2017.Contemporary issues in marketing and consumer behaviour. Routledge. Rowley, J., 2016.Information marketing. Routledge. McGloin, A.F. and Eslami, S., 2015. Digital and social media opportunities for dietary behaviour change.Proceedings of the Nutrition Society,74(2), pp.139-148.
14BUSINESS ANALYSIS FOR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Tjiptono, F. and Arli, D., 2016. Gender and digital privacy: Examining determinants of attitude toward digital piracy among youths in an emerging market.International journal of consumer studies,40(2), pp.168-178. Robinson, S.C., 2015. The good, the bad, and the ugly: Applying Rawlsian ethics in data mining marketing.Journal of Media Ethics,30(1), pp.19-30. Jnr, B.A. and Pa, N.C., 2015, December. A Framework for Adoption and Implementation of Green IT/IS Practice in IT Governance. InThe Third International Conference on Green Computing, Technology and Innovation (ICGCTI2015)(p. 38). Pereira, C., Ferreira, C. and Amaral, L., 2017, June. Shape a Business Case Process: An IT Governance and IT Value Management Practices Viewpoint with COBIT 5.0. InAtas da Conferência da Associação Portuguesa de Sistemas de Informação(Vol. 17, No. 17, pp. 60- 75). Pereira, C., Ferreira, C. and Amaral, L., 2017, September. IT Value Management Capability Enabled with COBIT 5 Framework. InEuropean, Mediterranean, and Middle Eastern Conference on Information Systems(pp. 431-446). Springer, Cham. Mulyanto, A., 2018, November. Audit Sistem Informasi dengan Menggunakan Cobit 4.1 untukEvaluasiManajemenTeknologiInformasi.InProsidingSeminarNasional Darmajaya(Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 407-417).