Organizational Structures and Business Types

This assignment analyzes the organizational structures of three distinct businesses: British Telecom (public organization), Ryanair (private company), and Cancer Research UK (voluntary firm). It examines their size, scope, functions (marketing, HR, operations, R&D), and how these elements contribute to their respective business objectives. The report also delves into the complexities and differences between public, private, and voluntary companies, highlighting their impact on overall business operations.

Business and Business
Environment

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
LO 1.................................................................................................................................................1
Different types of organization, size and scope as well as its legal structure ............................1
M 1 Link between structure, size and scope of different organizations to business objectives
as well as product and services of organizations........................................................................3
LO 2.................................................................................................................................................3
Interrelationship of various functions and link to organizational structure ...............................3
M 2 Advantage and disadvantage of interrelationship between functions of organization and
its impact upon structure of organization ...................................................................................5
D 1 Complexities of different types of business structure and interrelationship of functions of
organization. ...............................................................................................................................5
CONCLUSION ...............................................................................................................................6
REFERENCES ...............................................................................................................................7

INTRODUCTION
Business environment refers to market condition, forces and components that impact on
ability to maintain and build successful consumer relationships in organization. It is sum total of
whole internal and external factors that affect business and its growth, profitability, performance
or success (Botha, Kourie and Snyman, 2014). Also, both the factors influence whole business
structure. This report is based on Cancer Research UK. It is cancer investigation and cognizance
of charity. Report will explain about the private sector, public and voluntary sector organizations
and their different size and scope that are link to business objectives, product and services to the
organization. Furthermore, this study defines the interrelationship of different functions in
organization that link with organizational structure.
LO 1
1. Purpose of BT, Ryanair and Cancer Research UK
Public Organization- British Telecommunication (BT)
BT is multinational telecommunication company in London UK. It is the largest provider
of fixed line, broadband, subscription television, information technology and mobile services in
UK. The origins of BT is date back to found of Electric Telegraph company that develop
nationwide communication network (Deasy and et.al., 2016). British Telecommunication was
privatised with some of 50% share sold to investor.
Purpose: The purpose of British Telecommunication is to utilise power of
communication to make the better world. This is a modern communication network company
which is providing service to wider range of people all over UK and in more than 170 countries
of world as well. With its collaboration with EE BT is aimed at providing effortless
communication service with combination of power and advance mobile capabilities also
focusing on innovation.
Private Organization- Ryanair
Ryanair is an Irish low cost airline in Swords, Dublin, Ireland. It is the largest airline be
scheduled travellers, flown and carried more international tourists than any other airline. The
airline has been defined by their fast expansion (Kuipers and et.al., 2014). The outcome of
deregulations of aviation industry in 1997. The low-cost business model is success of Ryanair.
The single 737-700 utilise mainly charter aircraft, backup and training for pilot.
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Purpose: The purpose of Ryanair is to have large amount of routes and lowest fares
without compromising business model. The main aim of Ryanair will be becoming Number 1
Airline Company in Europe by carrying over 131 million customers per annum and having more
than 2000 daily flights. Other than this it is largest low cost leader in Europe which is done by
deducting absolute cost.
Voluntary Organization- Cancer Research UK
Cancer Research UK is the cancer study and awareness charity in UK. The purpose is to
provide information about cancer and runs campaigns at increasing awareness of disease and
effecting public policy (Gerrish, 2016). Research functions are carried out associations,
educational institutes and hospitals across the United Kingdom. Company increase funds from
donations, legacies, community, events and corporate partnerships.
Purpose: The purpose of Cancer Research UK is to decrease the number of deaths from
cancer and becoming the world's largest independent cancer research. This is very remarkable
institution which is funding at ground level in many kind of cancer and earning money in
multitude manner.
2. Different types of organization, size and scope as well as its legal structure
Public Organization- British Telecommunication (BT)
Size: BT has operations in around 180 nations. In 2017, 106,400 employees are worked
in the organization. Company controls number of big subsidiaries such as global services that is
provided telecom services to corporate and government customer across world.
Scope: British Telecommunication provide fixed line, mobile, broadband, digital
television, information technology etc. Company consists of seven primary business lines like
global services, public sector, consumer, Everything Everywhere (EE), whole sale, technology,
operation and services around the 180 countries.
Legal Structure: BT is public limited company. It is type of public company under
company law of UK. It is limited liability firm whose share sold and traded to public freely with
minimum share capital of £50000. The BT's official name of Post Office Telecommunications
which became state owned independent company of post office under conditions of British
Telecommunication Act 1981.
Product and services- BT is providing communication network to group of people like
that of individual, professionals and corporates as well.
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Mission and vision- the mission of BT is dedication towards providing quality of service
and experience to customer. While vision will be developing sustainable growth in earning of
group.
Private Organization- Ryanair
Size: Ryanair operates more than 400 Boeing 737-800 aircraft with individual 737-700
utilised mainly as charter aircraft for pilot training. In 2018, 13000 employees are worked in
Ryanair.
Scope: Ryanair's route network provides 35 countries in North Africa, Europe, Israel and
Jordan. Many of subsidiaries work in Ryanair like Laudamotion, Ryanair Sun, Ryanair UK.
Company serves following 225 year-round and seasonal destinations in 35 nations as 2018.
Legal Structure: Ryanair is the private company. It is company owned by small number
of shareholder or firm members is offered and exchanged privately. Organization was founded as
Danren Enterprises. The owner or parent company is Ryanair Holding Plc. which means that
most of the outstanding share of Ryanair is owned by them. The holding company is no product
any of the product or service itself rather the aim will be owning shares of other company to
form corporate group. PLC will be public limited company that means that its legal designation
is limited to shares which is offered to general public.
Product and services- This is providing low cost airline service to its customers.
Business objective- The objective of company is to provide appropriate product and
services for attracting more customers and fulfilling their needs.
Mission and vision- To be low fare airline which is generating increased in passenger
traffic and maintain focus on efficiency improvement.
Voluntary Organization- Cancer Research UK
Size: There are over 40000 people regular volunteer and 3964 employees are working in
Cancer Research UK. The company is focused on cancer study and implement health policy. By
this way, company make effort to increase size of business across the world. Charity own by
both employees and grant funded researchers.
Scope: Research activities are carried out in associations, educational institution and
hospitals across the UK. Charity own by both employees and its grant funded investigators.
Company direct on implement effective health policy for expanding their business wide range in
relation to give the best and high standard services and treatment of cancer patients
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Legal Structure: Cancer Research founded by merger The Cancer Research Campaign
and Imperial Cancer Research Fund. It is the largest independent cancer research charity in the
world. Company work is almost wholly funded by public. It is charitable organization.
Product and services- Cancer Research is working as research centre for all type of
cancer so that it could provide better treatment to its patients.
Business objective- It is voluntary organization which objective is to decrease number of
deaths from cancer. For achieving objective, firm conducts study into prevention, diagnosis and
treatment of diseases.
Mission and vision- to prevent and cure cancer and giving out better treatment to all
patients.
M 1 Link between structure, size and scope of different organizations to business objectives as
well as product and services of organizations.
British Telecommunication (BT) is the public limited company and multinational
telecommunication company in the UK. The objective of company is to provide wide range of
internet, information technology and mobile services on large scale. If firm achieve objective
ultimately their size and scope will be increased across the world. By size and scope, BT can be
owned privately. In order to that, Ryanair is the low cost airline with its primary operational
bases which is privately held company (Rutebemberwa and et.al., 2014). If firm achieve
objective ultimately their size and scope will be increased across the world. With the help of it,
firm expand their on international level. In this context, Cancer Research UK is the charity of
cancer study which founded by merger of Cancer Research Campaign and Imperial Cancer
Research Fund. Therefore, company's structure, size and scope are linked with objective of
business.
LO 2
Interrelationship of various functions and link to organizational structure
Cancer Research UK is cancer investigation and consciousness foundation in UK. The
aim is to decrease the number of deaths from cancer. It is the one of the largest independent
cancer research charity. It activities research into prevention, diagnosis and treatment of disease.
In order to that, there are many functions such as marketing, human resources, operations etc. of
cancer research (Ertas, 2014). All functions are interrelated with each activities of organization.
It also links to organizational structure.
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Marketing Function: It is wider to increase awareness of charity in the hope that more
people donate. Cancer Research used this function in form of publicity, communications,
representing firm at different events, planning large scale fundraisers and awareness campaigns
to make substantial donations (Jacob, 2015). Cancer research is highly benefiting from social
media as it allows speed, impressive targeting of possible donors, volunteers and subscriber for
fundraising and other movement purpose at internet users. This functions link to organizational
structure for effective communications with other functions such as human resources etc.
Marketing functions involves advertisement, distribution, marketing research and so on.
Human Resource Function: People, workers and personnel are important to success of
any organization. Human resources and personnel division, company responsible for making
sure charity aspect after its people and their health along with training, development and
agreements. Effective manpower planning is the crucial aspects for every department such as
marketing, operation management etc. Therefore, this function interrelates with other activities
of organization (7 Types of Roles Within the Charity Sector, 2019). This function help to hire and
select the skilled people for giving the best health and safety services to public. Volunteers
management is also function of human resource manager who is responsible for hiring,
interviewing and managing volunteer network of cancer research UK.
Finance Function: It is also crucial function to any of the organization. Finance
department assists to raise funds for providing the best different services to public by cancer
research. This division help to marketing and human resource department for publicity and hiring
of skilled people in organization (Portillo and et.al., 2015). Finance manager help to all sections
of cancer research such as lab services, logistics procurement and so on. In terms of charity,
fundraising department play specific role. There are broad scope of specialist fundraising roles in
charities such as direct marketing, events, major donor, regional and trust.
Research and Development Function: Cancer research use to this function for making
policies and raise the awareness towards the public. This is giving study, insights and analysis
needs to effect debate. This function assist to apply strategy, expected to build relationship and
effecting stakeholder as well as companies (Jacob, 2015).Therefore, human resource manager
hire those candidates who have excellent communication and research skill and ability to think
quickly for raising the awareness towards public. This function also link with other departments
of Cancer Research UK.
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Operation management: Cancer research require powerful operation management team
at its core. Company need to individual who is logical, process-driven and highly organized to
different operations such as effective utilization of information technology, lab services, human
resource, marketing functions of organization. These functions are interrelated with other
activities of organization (Rutebemberwa and et.al., 2014). Therefore, cancer research make sure
that effective management of operations in the workplace. This function also link with
organizational structure of cancer research. Production department link with marketing division,
because of, marketing manager research needs to ensure that types of product are sold in
marketplace. Then, production administrative beginning production process and design the
goods.
M 2 Advantage and disadvantage of interrelationship between functions of organization and its
impact upon structure of organization
There are various functions according to different organizations such as public, private
and voluntary. These activities have impacted upon structure of company. Functions involves
marketing, human resources, operation or production etc. If human resource and marketing
departments are working effectively in relation to skilled employees advertise product and
services in the marketplace that is more advantageous for company. But human resource hire
unskilled candidate for marketing position that is disadvantage for firm. In order to that, if
marketing and finance departments are performing effectual in relation to provide the funds
appropriately for advertising and marketing of product and services that is advantage of firms
(Ertas, 2014). But finance department do not provide funds to advertising, so that marketing
department is not able to appropriate ads ultimately it is disadvantage of companies in terms of
sales and profits. For example: human resource and operation department work together
effectively in relation to recruit individual for production of goods and services, so that it is good
for organization. By this way, employees produce high quality product and services for
increasing sales and profits of business. If human resource hire unskilled employee to production
department, so that firm is not able to increase sales and profits of organization.
D 1 Complexities of different types of business structure and interrelationship of functions of
organization.
There are different organizations such as public, private and voluntary. All firms have
complexities that impact on overall business functions and structure. The complexities of public
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organization such as government interference, political pressure, lack of competition and so on.
Due to fear of nationalization discourage foreign direct investment that is complexity for public
organization. These complexities impact upon on overall operations of business. In order to that,
private company has faced many problems or limitations such as smaller resources, no valuation
of investment, lack of public confidence etc. Due to limited financial and human resources,
company face problem like public confidence that is negative impact on overall business. The
voluntary organization also face many problems such as lack of accountability, constant
fundraising pressures etc. Giver and authority cannot utilise undue influence even if they are
giving direct and indirect financial support that effect on overall business.
CONCLUSION
This report has summarised that British Telecommunication is public organization,
Ryanair is private held company and Cancer Research UK is voluntary firm. All organizations
have different structure, size and scope that help to success of businesses. It can be concluded
that different functions of Cancer Research UK such as marketing, human resources, operations,
research and development that have interrelated with organizational structure. It can be discussed
that all functions are linked with business objective, product and services provide by Cancer
Research UK. Furthermore, report has completed that public, private and voluntary companies
are different complexities that effects on overall business.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Botha, A., Kourie, D. and Snyman, R., 2014. Coping with continuous change in the business
environment: Knowledge management and knowledge management technology. Elsevier.
Deasy, S. and et.al., 2016. Controlling use of a business environment on a mobile device. U.S.
Patent 9,247,042.
Ertas, N., 2014. Public service motivation theory and voluntary organizations: Do government
employees volunteer more?. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly. 43(2). pp.254-
271.
Gerrish, E., 2016. The impact of performance management on performance in public
organizations: A meta‐analysis. Public Administration Review. 76(1). pp.48-66.
Jacob, J. A., 2015. On the road to interoperability, public and private organizations work to
connect health care data. Jama. 314(12). pp.1213-1215.
Kuipers, B. S. and et.al., 2014. The management of change in public organizations: A literature
review. Public administration. 92(1). pp.1-20.
Portillo, M.C. and et.al., 2015. Voluntary organizations and community groups as new partners
in diabetes self-management and education: a critical interpretative synthesis. The
Diabetes Educator. 41(5). pp.550-568.
Rutebemberwa, E. and et.al., 2014. Financial interventions and movement restrictions for
managing the movement of health workers between public and private organizations in
low‐and middle‐income countries. The Cochrane Library.
Online
7 Types of Roles Within the Charity Sector, 2019. [ONLINE]. Available through. :
<https://www.brightnetwork.co.uk/career-path-guides/charity-NGO-social-enterprise/
roles-in-charity/>.
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