Table of Contents INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3 TASK1..........................................................................................................................................3 P1. Different type, size and scope of organisations................................................................3 P2. Size and scope of organisations.......................................................................................6 TASK2PESTLE Analysis. 2019......................................................................................................9 P3. Relationship between different functions of an organisation...........................................9 TASK3.........................................................................................................................................10 P4. Positive and negative impact that macro environment has on business operations......10 TASK5...........................................................................................................................................12 P5. Internal and external analysis of organisations..............................................................12 P6. Interrelation of strengths and weaknesses with external macro factors.........................14 CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................15 REFRENCES.................................................................................................................................16
INTRODUCTION Business environment is an aggregation of intrinsic and extrinsic components of business world. It includes customers, shareholders, competitors, employees, etc. Totality of these factors influencestheorganisationsenvironmentandsituations.Ithelpsinidentifyingbusiness opportunities, tapping useful resources, supports in planning, maximises the overall performance, growth and profitability of the business. Organisation undertaken in this report is Sainsbury which is a private company founded in 1869 in UK; which is a retail industry and deals in hypermarket, supermarket, etc. This report will explain different types, size and scope of the organisation. It will demonstrate the inter relationship between various functions within an organisation and their link with organisational structure. It will also illustrate the positive and negative influences of macro environment on business. And later part of the report will demonstrate the internal strength and weakness of business and their relationship with external macro factors. TASK1 P1. Different type, size and scope of organisations. Business environmentisthe mostimportant characteristic ofanybusiness.Every organisation operates in a distinctive environment because it cannot endure in change of integrity. Also business environment is dynamic and complex as there are broad assortment of forces, events and conditions that established business environment arising from various sources. It consist of internal and external factors where internal factors exist internally like value system, mission, vision, etc. and external factors like suppliers, customers, political, economic, etc.In this business world there are various types of organisations like public, private and voluntary (Andersson, Forsgren and Holm, 2015). These are discussed below : PUBLIC ORGANISATION The public sector organisations are those which are controlled and operated by the government of the country. They consist of those companies which exist to provide services to their citizens. These organisations are funded through various methods like taxes, fees, financial transfers from other level of government. Purposes of public organisations
ï‚·Employment generation :The main purpose of public organisation is to generate the employment opportunities in the country(Botha,Kourie and Snyman, 2014). This will be useful in eradicating the poverty and minimising the rate of unemployment while contributing in increasing per capita income. ï‚·Minimising the concentration of wealth and economy: These organisations ensures that it is necessary to reduce concentration of wealth and power in private hands. For this purpose, it prevents the growth of monopolies and big businesses have been declared objectives of the government throughout the plan. For instance, Environmental Agency is a public organisation of UK which was founded in 1995 and its purpose is to protect the environment. It works in areas like flood warning, river levels, fisheries and rod licensing, boating, waterways, etc. Legal structure The legal structure followed by public organisations vary from local, state and national services and they are discussed below : ï‚·Local government: These are concerned with the operations and functioning of small proportion of society and regularize its operations in a city or a region. It oversees the local issues like fir department, city police forces, etc. ï‚·State government: This is related to the operations and functioning of a company within a state. It oversees areas within the boundaries of national government. For instance, state police. ï‚·National government: It oversees and creates policies that affects the entire nation. This is concerned with maintaining institutions which is beneficial for the entire country like national park, military, etc. Private organisation These organisations are concerned with any person, partnership or corporation which is not a public body. It is a part of economy, which is run and operated by private individuals or groups with the aim of earning profits. They are funded through savings, loans, borrowings, mutual funds, etc. Purpose of private organisation
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ï‚·Profit maximisation :Every private organisation aims to work for the successful implementation of its operations to earn maximum profits. ï‚·Desired outcome: The another major purpose of private organisations is to reach to the desired level of results which is simply the satisfaction of customers. For instance, Sainsbury is a private organisation which was founded in 1869 in UK, which is a retail industry and deals in hypermarket, supermarket, etc. Legal structure ï‚·Sole trader :It is a one person business and small amount of finance is required to set up and it is the simplest way of carrying out business. They are liable to keep all the profits with themselves and they are also personally accountable for all the debts which makes the business risky. ï‚·Partnership: It is an association of 2 or more persons but not more than 20, forming a company together with aim of sharing profits and losses in an agreed proportion. In this each partner is responsible for the debts of the partnership deeds. ï‚·Limited partnership: It is made by a mixture of limited partners and ordinary partners. They are jointly liable for any debts owned by the partnership and equally accountable for paying off the whole debt. ï‚·Limited liability partnership: In this type of private organisation, a partner's liability is limited to the amount of money invested in the business. It is also limited to any personal guarantee for raising funds. Voluntary organisation It is an organisation which is a group of individuals who come together for the benefit of social welfare(Cairncross,2014). These organisations are flexible, independent, democratic, secular which provides selfless community service on voluntary and non profit basis. Purpose of voluntary organisations ï‚·Its purpose is to strength the voluntary and community sector, build bridges with other sectors and influences local and national policies. ï‚·This also aims to support local voluntary actions by local people working in partnership with other support organisations like private and public companies.
For instance, Cancer Research is a UK based voluntary organisation which was founded in 2002 which the purpose of serving people with cancer research and providing health policies. Their aim was to minimise the number of deaths from cancer. Legal structure ï‚·Associations :This a most common form of voluntary organisations and it exist where a group of people band together to carry out an agreed object. This is governed by constitution, legal document which governs the association(Chang, 2016). ï‚·Trust: It consists of charitable trust which is governed by trust deed which contains the objects of trust, names of the trustees and provides for the administration for the trust. ï‚·Company limited by guarantee: It is the type of incorporate body used by groups in the voluntary and community sector. This is constituted by memorandum and article of association. Micro , small and medium enterprises BasisMicroSmallMedium Annual turnoverGreater than or equal to 2 million euro Greater than or equal to 10 million euro but lessthan50million euro. More than or equal to 50 million euro. Annual work unitGreater than 10More than 50More than 250 P2. Size and scope of organisations. Above discussed three types of organisations namely, public, private and voluntary secotr have different sets of aims, objectives, purpose, size, scope and legal structures(Charter, 2017). Apart from this, various types of sectors will also be included namely, primary, secondary and tertiary. These sectors are discussed below : ï‚·Primary sector: This sector is also known as extraction sector as it involves extracting rawmaterials.Theycanberenewableornonrenewableresourcesandprimarily concerned with agriculture activities, fishing, mining, etc.
ï‚·Secondary sector: This is the manufacturing sector where raw materials are combined with other materials and manufactured to produce a good or services. ï‚·Tertiary sector: In this sector, intangible aspects of services are provided to the consumers like retail of the manufactured goods, insurance, banking, etc. Public organisation Following is the aim, objective, scope, size, legal structure ofEnvironmental Agency discussed below : ï‚·Size: It operates in entire UK while dealing with various issues related to climate change, quality of air, water, land, fishing, navigation, mining, etc. ï‚·Scope: It cover almost every part of England by covering about 13 million hectare of land, 22000 miles of rivers and 3100 miles of coastline seawards(Cohen and Kietzmann, 2014). ï‚·Mission: : Its purpose is to protect and enhance the environment and promotes the objective of attainment of sustainable development. In this, protection is relatable to threats and dangers such as flood and pollution. ï‚·Vision: Their vision is to create a rich, healthy and diverse environments for present and future generations. ï‚·Stakeholders: Being the public sector organisation, its stakeholders are the government and other regulatory agencies. ï‚·Business objectives: These organisations work for the benefit of the country. Their primary aim is to maximise the development in the country by providing employment opportunities, education, etc. It protects and prevents the organisation from harmful substances of environment. ï‚·Legal structure: It has eight directors and each of them report to chief executives. In this, there are two types of policy and process directors in which one deals with flood and coastal risk management and the other with environment and business(Cotter and Fritzsche,2014). The other one is the evidence director, fourth one is the director of operation delivery unit and rest other directors are central shared service groups for finance, legal services, etc. ï‚·Sector: This organisation deals in protecting the environment in all the three sectors namely primary, secondary and tertiary.
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Private organisation Organisation undertaken under private sector is Sainsbury : ï‚·Size :This has a huge number of operations and it operates in various countries covering every part throughout the world by employing more than 186,000 people in their company. ï‚·Scope :It has a wider scope because of its operations and expansions. ï‚·Mission :Their mission is to be the customers superior choice in food, delivering products of outstanding quality and great services at competitive cost. ï‚·Vision :They want to be the most trustworthy retailers where people will love to work and shop. ï‚·Stakeholder :It has a board of director and their fellow members are accountable for setting long term strategy. They work in their best to delivery efficient services to the customers, shareholders, etc. They also have chief executive who are accountable for looking after everyday operations is going according to the planned strategies(Dima, Grabara and Modrak, 2014). ï‚·Business objectives :They wants to maximise their profitability and sales by putting customers as the most important and offers best stores, services to so that customers are delighted with the shopping and experiences. ï‚·Legal structure :It has a hierarchical organisation structure because of various levels operating in it. Each level is responsible for reporting to the next high level. ï‚·Sector :It operates under all the three sectors. Voluntary organisation Inthisreport,Cancerresearchorganisationistakenforexplainingvoluntary organisations : ï‚·Size: It is huge in size as it operates globally and is worlds largest independent charity devoted to cancer research. This conducts research into prevention, diagnosis and treatment. ï‚·Scope: They have a wider scope because of the latest equipments used by them in giving efficient treatment to the people. ï‚·Mission: Their mission is to prevent control, and cure cancer with the help of their innovative research.
ï‚·Vision: They wants to bring forward a day when all cancer will be cured. ï‚·Stakeholder: Trustees of the organisation are the major stakeholders. ï‚·Business objectives: They aim to minimise the number of expiry from cancer. And another motive is to raise awareness about the cancer among people through campaigns. ï‚·Legal structure :It is governed by council of trustees and they sets the charity strategic direction, monitors the delivery of the charities objectives and upholds its values. ï‚·Sector: This operates in tertiary sector only as they provides the services of health. TASK2 P3. Relationship between different functions of an organisation. In an organisation, there are many departments and each departments performs some or the other set of functions(Erasmus, Strydom and Rudansky-Kloppers, 2016). So in Sainsbury, being one of the largest retail industry in UK, it exercises various functions which are linked to the objectives of the company and they are discussed below : ï‚·Financial management: It is concerned with preparation, organising, directing and controlling the financialactivitiessuch asprocuranceand utilisation of funds. In sainsubury, this involves acquiring and utilising funds which are crucial for efficient operations. It is interlinked with other functions of management to fulfil the objectives. They are also responsible for setting budgets for the various activities of the company like marketing, recruitment budget, etc. Production department is also linked with finance so as to maintain day to day operations of the business while producing goods and services, supplying raw materials etc. ï‚·Human resources management: This department is responsible for hiring people in the company. In sainsbury, it deals with concerns like terms of hiring, compensation, performance, safety, wellness,etc. It is a pre defined approach of managing people and resources in a company. It has been demonstrated that a strong relationship between HRM and finance function will lead the company to greater heights. Finance department will set the budget for all the activities required under the HRM for fulfilling the business objectives(Glova, Sabol and Vajda, 2014). This specially focuses on the effective training and development programs. HRM function is also linked with marketing because for conducting recruitment in the company, HR need various marketing tools to capture
large pool of candidates so that best person can be selected which will help in meeting business objectives and goals effectively and efficiently. ï‚·Marketing department: As sainsbury is a retail industry, therefore it needs effective marketing tools and techniques in its every day functioning. It is a strategic function which underpins most activities of the business and it is an essential component of corporate strategy. The marketing department of sainsbury will closely work with production department to ensure that satisfactory research and development is planned to satisfythepresentandfutureneedsofthecustomersandalsoproductscanbe manufactured as per the specifications led down by the customers(Hair and et. al., 2015). It will work with finance department to assure that funds are available for promotions, research and distribution activities. ï‚·Information technology: This function is very important in present business context. Every organisation work under some or the other systems in the offices and factories. It includes hardware, software, internet, etc. It is essential for appropriately meet the business objectives and also makes work simplifier. This department will closely work with finance departmentto maintain the accounting system effectively and useful in developing annual reports of thesainsbury by analysing profits and loses of the company. It will work with marketing department , for advertising various software are used which includes images, animation, videos, editing, etc. and all this needs software and internet applications which will help in making it appealing to customers.
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TASK3 P4. Positive and negative impact that macro environment has on business operations. Ever organisation is affected by the macro environment which influences the business operation in positive and negative way. So, it becomes necessary to evaluate the external environment by analysing their positive and negative impact on Sainsbury's's. For this purpose, PESTLE analysis will be done which is a model or tool used by marketers to analyse and monitor the macro environmental factors(Hamilton and Webster,2018). Following are the PESTLE analysis of Sainsbury's which will explain the impact of Brexit on various factors : Political factors : It is related to the adversity and opportunity brought in by the government and political institutions on the working of a business. It includes government policies, trading policies, funding, corruption, bureaucracy, taxation, etc. Brexit has a huge impact on political operations and funtioning and they are discussed below : Source : Organisational chart. 2018
Positive impact : The uncertainty around a potential outcome has led the organisation to mitigate and offset the above risks by reviewing its supply chain and by actively looking into alternative sources of supply within the UK but also outside the EU to source food and drink deliveries to its stores. Negative impact : Its supply chain’s large reliance on EU nationals working in the British agri- food sector and which are particularly vulnerable to the prospect of future changes to immigration policy for EU migrants Economic Factor: It relates to the economic polices, structures and the degree at which these factors impacts upon the business(Hillary, 2017). It includes local economy, inflation, deflation, exchange rates, etc. This will affect the demand, cost, price and profitability of the Sainsbury's's. Positive Impact: Good import policies across Europe also lead to flexible import of goods in higher quantity across border which saves the time and eradicates the delay in the arrival of products. Negative Impact: Due to higher domestic inflation, and the weaker rate of Sterling than Euros, placed a negative impact on the working of Sainsbury's's. Further the reason for weaker sterling was the new import duties and tariffs due to which the prices went up and also decreases the demand of products of the company. (PESTLE Analysis, 2019). Social Factors: It is concerned with the cultural aspects, attitudes, beliefs of people which will affect the demand for companies products. It includes demographics, media, work ethics, advertising, consumer role model, etc. Positive impact : The hiring of skilled British staff by the company will led to improvement in the quality of material supplied by the suppliers of the company. Negative impact : The dependence of UK farmers on the low skilled workers also creates a negative impact on the working of Sainsbury's as the quality of material is not provided to it which leads to decrease in the quality of the products. (Khan and Quaddus, 2016). Technological factors : These are those factors which impacts upon the working of a business due to some technological advancements which can affect positively or negatively to the company. It includes emerging technologies, research, information and communication, payments, etc. Brexit has impacted this factors in following ways :
ï‚·Positive impact : Brexit has a positive impact on the business environment as this has forced Sainsbury's to adopt various new technologies like, when payments are made electronically through cards which will give ease to the people and company in effective and efficient functioning. ï‚·Negative impact : These technical equipments if not handled properly, then can create theft,loss of privacy, hinder protection in banking transactions which will affect the organisations profit and Brexit has already lead to low skilled people and made it difficult for technology to be implemented properly. . Environmental factors : It related to the ecological and environmental aspects which will affecttheprofitabilityanddemandofacompaniesproducts.Thisincludesregulations, sustainability, etc. Brexit will have a effect on it in the following ways : ï‚·Positive impact : Adaptation of sustainability with the help of using renewable sources of energy will helps in generating resources and led to practice soft Brexit. ï‚·Negative impact : After Brexit, the rules and regulations increased which makes the process of trade very much complex, time consuming and expensive to complete many legal requirements such as the custom duty (Kolk, 2016). Legal factors : They are the laws and regulation which protects the company and customers from unfair practices. It includes employment law, customer protection, etc. Brexit has to operate within the legal framework and its impact is discussed : ï‚·Positive impact : Following employment law will motivate worker to work with full zeal and confidence. This will make them skilled andminimises the dependency on low skilled workers of Europe. ï‚·Negative impact : If employment laws are not appropriately followed then Brexit will increase the labour turnoverandabsenteeism in the company. And also increases the dependency of farmers on low skilled people. TASK5 P5. Internal and external analysis of organisations Internal and external analysis are done by companies for identifying the growth of the company. For this, companies can use SWOT analysis in which strengths and weakness are include within internal analysis & opportunities and threats are include within external analysis
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(Niemann-Struweg, 2014). It is a strategic planning techniques that are used by the company to help an organisation its strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats related to business competition or project planning. Sainsbury can also use this analysis for finding out its organisational growth. SWOT analysis StrengthsWeaknesses Sainsbury has a strong brand image and well known by its consumers. It is one of the largest supermarket chains in UK and has 600supermarketand800convenience stores across UK. The company produces good quality food and grocery products which create high level of customer satisfaction. Successfultrackrecordofintegrating complimentary firms through mergers and acquisition.Thecompanyuselatest technologies to streamlines its operations and build a reliable supply chain. The company rise prices over the world on its products and services that affect the sells of the company. High level of competition in the retail space and the added risk of online retailers create issues for it. It does not have any extension plans and it means that it is only market is based in the UK. If there is any problem with the food retailing in the UK, it could prove to be complexfortheorganisation'sbusiness (Pearson, 2017). OpportunitiesThreats ï‚·By doing market research, it can make innovation in its food products that can help it in increasing sells and provide opportunities in different markets. ï‚·Byusingvariousonlinechannel companycangetmorebusiness opportunities. ï‚·Thelowinflationratebringmore stability in the market and enable credit at lower interest rate to the customers ï‚·There is a New environment regulation thatcomesunderParis agreement(2016)whichcouldbea threattocertainexistingproduct categories of the company. ï‚·Newtechnologiesandstrategiesthat are developed by competitors can be a threat fro the company. ï‚·Shortageofskilledemployeesand workers in global market can be also a
of Sainsbury'sthreat fro the business of Sainsbury. It influence the decision making of the company such as Sainsbury produce good quality products which increase the sells of the company and influence positively. In the retail market there are various competitor and they use different technologies and strategies, if the company have not knowledge about the techniques of them than it negatively impact the business of the organisation (Shenkar, Luo and Chi, 2014). P6. Interrelation of strengths and weaknesses with external macro factors Therearesixmacrofactorssuchaspolitical,economical,social,technological, environmental and legal factors that create positive and negative impact on the business of the company. Interrelation of strengths and weaknesses with these macro factors are as following: Political-This factor is related to the government polices, trading policies, funding, grants, initiatives and internal political issues. In Sainsbury, it is related to the policies of the government and change in that policies and procedures. It follow all the laws of the government and provide good quality product that is its strengths and cause of it, this company operate 600 supermarket and 800 convenience stores across UK. If the government make change in its polices and they are not favourable to the company this the weakness such as change in currency rate the company rise the price of the product which create negative impact on the organisation business. Brexit to have significant implications for business and some negative impact also. Sainsbury produces its products according to the rules of EU nationals so change in these laws affect the production and business of the company. Economic-This factor is related to taxation, inflation, interest rate, import & export ratio, international trade and exchange rates etc. In Sainsbury, this factor related to economic policies, economic structure, disposable income of consumers and business that influenced the business of the company. For example, changes in the interest rate, exchange rate and cause of inflation, company rise the price of the product which is the weakness of it. When the company operate its business in another country and the low tax rate of that country affect the business of the company positively that can be the strength of the company (Sodeyfi,2016). Due to Brexit effects, Sainsbury takeover of Argos will give it financial headaches when it comes to coping when the currency hedges come to an end and Argos's dollar prices import hike up prices in the catalogues. Wit food price inflation and long years of economic stagnation depressing wage
growth in UK, the company offer its products at steeply discounted prices and this has negative affected the business of Sainsbury. Social-This factor related to the cultural aspects, attitude, beliefs, work ethic, lifestyle trends etc. that can be affect the business of Sainsbury. For example, if company provide products according its consumers such as in some countries people prefer veg food and in some non veg than it can provide its food products according their need. It help the company to increase its sell and can be a strength of the company. Now these days people demand organic food and if company will not fulfil this demand, it can be a weakness of it (Wheelen and et. al., 2017). Cause of Brexit, there are rising demand of for organic food and has an advantage, it has developed online shopping and it also operating 806 convenience stores whose sales have increased by 6% compared to the big supermarkets whose sales have dropped by nearly 2%. Technological-Technologylegislation,researchandinnovation,informationand communication and competitor technology development are include within this factor. In Sainsbury, it related to the new technology of production, promotion and others. The company canusegoodpromotionaltechnologyandcandesigntheadvertisementthatattachthe consumer's emotions with the products, it can be a strength of the organisation. If the competitor of firm develop any new technologies and use it that can be a weakness for the company. Due to Brexit, Sainsbury's has introduced digital services like online food shopping and click and collect services where customer place their orders online and shopping at their local supermarkets. This increased 80% retail sales and orders increased by nearly 20%which has helped the company cope with rapidly changing customer's behaviour. Environmental-This factor related to the environmental regulations, reduction of carbon footprint,sustainabilityandimpactofadverseweather.IfSainsburydonotfollowthe environmental regulation of the country, the government show strictness towards it which generate in the form of weakness of the company. If company follow all ecological regulation and produce the product by doing market research this manage the wastage of the raw material. It create the positive impact on the sells of the company and enhance the productivity. Cause of Brexit, a new trend facing the food retail industry is consumer demand for zero waste supermarkets as food waste increasingly becomes one of the greatest environmental challenges facing the food retail industry and started opening zero waste supermarkets in the UK.
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Legal-This factor related to regulatory bodies & processes, international legislation, employment law, consumer protection act and other various regulation. Sainsbury operate its business internationally and follow all the employment and consumer protection act. For example, in different countries it provide equal pay to those employees who work at same position and it is the strength of the company. Cause of change in government regulation, the company increase the price of the product which the weakness of the company (Niemann- Struweg, 2014). Due to Brexit, there are various rules developed by government of UK and new rules banning advertisement of high fat and sugar food or drink products to childer under 16 introduced in the UK will restrict and promotional effects. CONCLUSION From the above report, it has been concluded that business environment deals with various factors in their every day functioning which can exist internally or externally. It give a clear explanation of various types of organisations which operates in business world namely public, private and voluntary with their purposes and objectives. It also examines the size and scope of those organisation in detail which give clear picture about the companies and helps in understanding the business world of various companies. Various functions of management are discussed by illustrating their link with other functions which are useful in accomplishing business objectives.. Then through PESTLE and SWOT the critical analyses has been done which focused on conducting environmental scanning. The later part of the report has determined the external macro factors and their link with strength and weaknesses which helped in identifying that how external factors are the strength and weakness for the company. .
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