Business Ethics and Business Management

This document discusses the existence of ethical issues in business management, specifically focusing on the gender wage gap at Morrison's. It explores the impact of the pay gap on employees and suggests measures to address the issue. The document also discusses the identification of primary stakeholders and their effects on the organization. Overall, it provides insights into the ethical considerations in business management.

Business Ethics and
Business Management

Contents
PART 1............................................................................................................................................3
Existence of ethical issues and the presence of enterprise in social structure.............................3
Identification of primary stakeholders and their effect...............................................................4
Regarding moral decisions have seen many firms dis / benefit..................................................4
Client guidance and suggestions deriving from research............................................................5
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................6
PART 1-B........................................................................................................................................7
Introduction.................................................................................................................................7
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11
PART 2..........................................................................................................................................12
Ethical president, as well as the qualities of an ethical leader..................................................12
How can I keep raising my organization above the established standards as such an ethical
manager?...................................................................................................................................13
CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................13
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................15

PART 1
INTRODUCTION
Business ethics refers to the execution of business laws and procedures relevant to the theme
of controversy. This extends to all forms of corporate governance and appropriate to individuals
as well as the corporation. Ethical analysis is characterized to pursue the equilibrium benefit of
the entire planet for current generations to suggest. Morrison’s seems to be the UK's largest retail
chain and its offices are in England. The case study selected within this report is “The gender
pay gap: what the median pay gap says about Morrison”. The question exists in this business
around the gender wage disparity (Doucet, Smith and Durand, 2012). Women workers acquire
88p per each £ 1 every man earns average pay when compared to the means. It is ethically wrong
in existence and, based on their job positions, the business must pay employees. This should
explore the concept of ethical concerns and the position of business ethics underneath the case
presented. Moreover, report will addressed the values recognized for ethical integrity and
organizational company development.
Existence of ethical issues and the presence of enterprise in social structure
Ethical question relates to problem or person that helps the individual or corporation to
height difference that really should be considered as socially responsible or immoral. Morrison’s
faces the same litigation proceedings from the floor workers store which is operated by another
firm. It reports that about 80,000 Morrison’s team employees will be liable for the award. In the
context of respective firm which has become the first UK to subscribe to a revolutionary ethics
program that encourages workers to publicly speak about working practices as growing.
Moreover, ethical aspects are linked to the gender wage gap throughout the firm and the
implications of the company emerge. For every £1 that people receive by considering daily pay,
women employees gain 88p (Wood and et. al., 2016). The women workless median annual
wages is at least 11.5 as opposed to males. Morrison’s does have the adverse impact on sales as
not treating employees of men and women through an equal footing. In terms of wage disparity
problem, if the latest court proceedings against client progress which may attract £1bn charge.
Legal firm Leigh Day demands justice for the females throughout the store shop-floor workers
being received less than the male workers in Morrison.

About 80,000 Morrison retail employees will be able to demand a minimum of billions of
pounds seeking payback. Apart from this, Morrison Corporation faces fair compensation demand
from the workers shop, rising stakes in long-term controversy about the importance of specific
forms of retailer jobs. With respect to either the gender pay gap, feminist group takes legal
proceedings against grocery store surrounded by white assertions to never pay similarly to male
employees doing the same task. The unfair compensation problem has adverse effects along with
workplace competitiveness on employee efficiency rates (Morrison, 2012). Thus, an equal pay
for both male and female workers is play a significant role in motivating as well as encouraging
them towards their roles and responsibilities. For this, Morrison formulate fair pay scale to each
and every employee whether they are male or female. This can be beneficial in developing
positive relation among all the workers as they easily attain their set goals and objectives in an
appropriate period of time. In context to society, pay gap is one of major issue for women as they
are less likely progress as compare to men in their career because they get less pay and benefits
within their career. It is also an ethical issue in which gender inequality affect the employees
performance at working area of Morrison's. Due to this, company face issue of negative working
environment by affecting employee performance level.
Identification of primary stakeholders and their effect
Stakeholder is really a part of the communities which will cease to operate without their help
organization. This is a party that has an organization interest and can have an influence through
company. Morrison corporations allow greater in and out of the enterprise. Its internal owners
are executives, administrators and employees. External parties on the other side comprise of
lenders, consumers and administration. In addition to this, there are some primary stakeholder of
company such as investors, employees, customers and its suppliers. All these have direct interest
within the company and also affect the entire activities of business organisation. Under either
framework, interested parties play an essential position in problems of gender wage gap (Groom,
2018). The negative effect of gender pay gap is mostly on females working in the organization.
Due to pay gap, stakeholder are less interested within the organisational activities and its
functioning. This is the reason that company can be be meet stakeholder needs and wants. It put
negative impact over the performance level of the company and also reduce its positive brand
image at competitive market place. That is essential to make employees believe of their work
environment rights and obligations. The primary role of internal stakeholders such as employees

and executives is to create the good working environment by implementing reforms that can
effectively provide employees with fair pay related to the job functions and duties. Apart than
that, the government has introduced the fair pay disparity policy to address employment
problems linked to the gender wage. This law forbids less preferential treatment of females and
males employees in terms of terms of work and reimburse. In order to eliminate the negative
impact of pay gap on stakeholder, company is responsible for providing fair treatment to all the
primary stakeholder and at the same time also stay connected with this. With the assistance of
this, organisation can easily develop their competitive and positive brand image. By this,
investor, customers, workers are easily influenced and attracted. It directly contributes increasing
the possibilities of attaining competitive edge from its competitors. In case of employees, pay
gap at working area affect their performance because at working area both male and female does
not get fair pay. It may create issues and conflicts among workers within the company.
Furthermore, investor also get affected through pay gap because without fair pay company can
not be able to maintain their positive image at market place. Due to negative image, investor
reduce their interest within the company.
Regarding moral decisions have seen many firms dis / benefit
Next Plc. is provider of fair opportunity which must guarantee job resources services
without prejudice of any sort. This company is working inside a socially responsible process by
showing men and women employee’s equitable possibilities and giving them pay equality
according to their employment. This company's workers are crucial to meeting corporate targets
and its key priority is to recruit, retain and cultivate top talent as well. This maintains reasonable
and equal wage gap between workplace environments that determines employee. Gender wage
gap in Starbucks Company, on the other side, is non-existent. This said members of the men and
women workforce are receiving equal numbers. Starbucks reported in 2018 that now it
accomplished 100 per cent gender parity for males and females for all groups of individuals
doing related jobs (Williams and Sawer, 2018). Starbucks' equality demonstrates that not only
are women receiving equal pay for women, but they've achieved a few good pay positions as
male.

Client guidance and suggestions deriving from research
Morrison’s Corporation wants the female workers who operate in the business to be looked
after. The problem of gender wage disparities has the adverse effect on efficiency of workers. A
few suggestions are given below for Morrison:
1. Morrison needs to develop sensible measures and equal treatment of men and women
workers.
2. Business will enforce an Equal Pay policy to make each worker in the workforce to earn
wages on a fair basis.
3. Company must provide staff members with the level of pay based on their roles and
responsibilities, rather than gender. This would help to improve staff performance and
increasing business efficiency.
4. Organisation needs to develop fair pay scale to both male and female employee so that
they maintain positive relation among them. This can be contributes in improving
employees performance at working area.
5. Manager of company should provide proper and fair training and development to
employees so that they can easily improve their skills and knowledge. With the assistance
of this, workers can easily enhance their productivity.
6. Proper interaction with staff members is also effective in managing the pay gap issue as
manager can easily understand needs and issues that employees are facing at working
area.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Doucet, C., Smith, M. and Durand, C., 2012. Pay structure, female representation and the gender
pay gap among university professors. Relations Industrielles/Industrial Relations. 67(1).
pp.51-75.
Groom, M., 2018. Beyond the pay gap: The retirement disadvantage of being female. Policy
Quarterly. 14(1).
Morrison, M. H., 2012. Gender and leadership: educational leadership through feminine eyes:
have the barriers in acquiring educational administrative positions for women changed
in the last fifteen years?. Indiana University of Pennsylvania.
Williams, B. and Sawer, M., 2018. Rainbow Labor and a purple policy launch: gender and
sexuality issues. Double Disillusion: The 2016 Australian Federal Election, pp.641-
660.
Wood, J. M. and et. al., 2016. Organisational behaviour: core concepts and applications. John
Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd..

PART 1-B
Applying two ethical theories to the case study
Introduction
Ethics can be defined to the morality division which consists of protecting, advising and
standardizing definition against the correct and incorrect dimension part of organizational. It's
indeed primarily concerned with principles issues which also impact the employees and the
company. In order to gain goals, it is among the most important concerns for any business
organization to understand having all working framework moral values so that they might
successfully implement everyone’s operations (Jones and Felps, 2013). In Morrison’s sense, the
organization insists on upholding all the existing ethics to maximize its good results. As there are
many specific ethical ideas that business practices in increasing its overall standard of efficiency.
Some of the key goals of pursuing ethical philosophies are to tackle various values or well-
defined norms. It contains various concepts such as rights, laws, duties, moral dignity and much
more.
Discussion
The Concept of utilitarianism
In this particular instance, it is among the significant practical theories used only to analyse
the fundamental results and also analyse (Koppelman, 2012). In doing this, the organization is
producing positive outcomes for the members working in the job field. This also helps to
determine what is really good and what is bad inside the company. In fact, it further encourages
behaviour to can improve the satisfaction and well-being that influenced the work area workers.
In addition to this, it includes various variations of utilitarianism which acknowledge the
different types. Since it is based on certain hypothesis of inherent worth, but even that was good
in comparison with other consequences (Gustafson, 2013).
Utilitarianism Benefit: The major benefit of following the philosophy of utilitarian theory
is that certain type of company organization's spiritual status will quickly boost the workplaces.
It also shares the principles that are linked to the ethical premises are successfully supported.
Utilitarianism Disadvantages: Several of the main limitations to this philosophy that is not
necessarily feasible on the legal basis for the judgment. Along with this, the choice often cannot

be linked to the condition but whether it's positive or negative. The primary reason being that
while every employee in the workplace is completely different (Fok, Payne and Corey, 2016).
Due to the philosophy of utilitarianism, it is efficient and therefore calls fair and spiritual
and is beneficial to the organization of industry. As gender wage disparity is among Morrison's
main issues and has a detrimental impact on the employees' final performance. In this men and
women worker faces charge customers gap problem that immediately decreases their job
performance. As a consequence, workers become demoralized and quit the company too. It is a
major problem for the organization as it can raise the turnover of workers. Pay scale problems
can cause difficulties among employees causing unpleasant working experience at work.
Regardless of this, workers may every their degree of efficiency while still struggling to meet
defined priorities and goals. While the philosophy of utilitarianism is among the important facets
of upholding people's freedom and wellbeing, as well as fostering occupational equity that is
harmful to emotional and physical safety (Lindebaum and Raftopoulou, 2017).
As female staff, their success and capacity to produce well are often compensated less than
the males. This also impacts their workplace area productivity and efficiency rates. Thus,
Morrison’s emphasis on fostering work field equity and determining pay scale dependent on
individual job duties and obligations is important. It will be helpful in improving the utilization
of workers, while at the same time accepting a supportive partnership with both men and women.
It will significantly contribute to improving organizational amount of profit. In addition to this,
organization management is now giving additional opportunities to their staff so they can do very
well give their best attempts to accomplish their mission activities. In addition, wide variety of
utilitarian theory mentioned that gender wage gap is a big problem or problem for the
corporation wherein the corporation is accountable for supplying fair wages according to
employee performance. This would also further boost the efficiency of the organisation and its
employees.
Veil of ignorance
It also is known to be an essential ethical theory that helps business organizations to promote
workplace equality. It could be profitable for the organization in decreasing the gender wage
disparity problem as the current staffs is considered equal as well as paid according to the rights
and duties of the workforce. Several of the major emphasis of this form of ethical philosophy is
the reduction of gender-based violence. Through this aid, the organization can quickly enhance

the morale of employees and about the same moment, even render them more competitive
(Muldoon and et. al., 2014). It has been proposed that if such a theory were to be implemented in
both the present and the past, it would have serious implications. Also, continuing to apply to the
example of exploitation, if the slave-owners were compelled to believe themselves to be slave
holders via the disguise of deception, then suddenly slave slavery could no longer seem
absolutely justified. A better example is that any people in the social system were to ever base
their activities on fact whereby they may well be the least fortunate part of popular society. In
this sort of scenario, independence and equality will theoretically occur side by side, in a way
that has become the preferred approach of many philosophers.
Advantage: One of the key benefits of this hypothesis is that it emphasizes on justice and
helps to minimize the problems that may emerge among men and women due to gender wage
gap. This has been suggested that if such a principle were to be applied in both the current as
well as the past, it will have significant consequences. Once again, going to refer to the instance
of enslavement, if the slave-owners have been forced pressured assume oneself to be slave
masters through veil of ignorance, then unexpectedly slave ownership may not seem entirely
justified anymore. A bigger instance is if every employee in social structure were ever to centre
their procedures mostly on actuality that they could be the modern culture least privileged
member. Freedom and equality can potentially exist side by side in this type of situation, in a
manner that was the optimal solution of several philosophers.
Disadvantage: The main downside to this principle is that often it limits employee
participation in the decision operations. This could have a significant impact on employee labour
productivity (Andreescu and et. al., 2013). In the fictional world, for example, one may or might
not be clever, wealthy, or born into a chosen family. The curtain is raised may hold every place
in society; the system helps the participants to view society from the viewpoint of all
participants, including the worst-off and best-off participants.
In Morrison’s view, this sort of ethical philosophy is more successful as it relies on having
all the staff in the same workstation working similarly. Veil of Ignorance's entire objective here
also, is to start making employees more productive. Company will simply reduce the problems
that occur among employees because of gender wage gap with the aid of this theory. Company's
management is able to give pay equality as their job responsibilities. It will help to reduce staff
turnover by staff retention in the business organization for longer durations (Heidari and et. al.,

2018). Morrison intends to utilize Veil of Ignorance through both moral issues, since it is one of
the successful and useful to resolve the gender wage gap inherent problem. Mostly with help of
this, the firms can successfully keep a good working environment in which employees do their
greatest and effectively achieve their set goals.
Identify and discuss the ethical
leader attributes
An ethical leader play a significant role in business organisation as it show respect to
each and every members by communicating and listening to them effective. In addition to this,
ethical leader is also being compassionate and also generous at the time of considering opposing
viewpoints. One of the effective quality of ethical leader is that he/she always know how to do
right things so that all the issues and obstacles can be easily eliminated at working area. In
relation to this, there are some attributes that have an ethical leader at the time of maintaining
compliance in ethical and unethical organisation:
Focus on team building: The main focus of ethical leader is to make employee thrive and
flourish at working area so that they feel their importance for company. In this regards,
employees are also rewarded for providing new and innovative ideas and at the same time also
encouraged to others to attain their goals effectively. Along with this, by building an effective
team leader can maintain positive working environment in which every employees whether they
are male and female get fair treatment and pay. By this, they can easily improve their overall
performance at working area.
Leadership by example: In business organisation, ethical leadership is not related to
talking as this type of leader also walks and walk. By leading workers, leader can easily improve
their capability to do right things to eliminate the issue of any kind of pay hap issue at working
area.
Value awareness: It is one of the effective attributes of ethical leader in which they
discussed the high value and expectation with employees that they want to place within the
company. With the help of continuous communication and discussing values they can easily
main fair environment wherein each and every employee perform ethically and also attain their
targets appropriately.
Conclusion

Gender wage discrepancy problems have been established at workplaces according to the
above mentioned study, therefore it is not acceptable for the business. This type of problem
reduces female employee productivity as well as reduces organizational growth. Within this give
study the gender wage gap problems were addressed and the position of domestic and foreign
actors to emerge from the same. Other than that, the two separate legal philosophies
Utilitarianism and Illusion of Denial based on gender wage difference have been addressed.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Andreescu, L. and et. al., 2013. Understanding normative foresight outcomes: Scenario
development and the ‘veil of ignorance’effect. Technological Forecasting and Social
Change. 80(4). pp.711-722.
Fok, L. Y., Payne, D. M. and Corey, C. M., 2016. Cultural values, utilitarian orientation, and
ethical decision making: A comparison of US and Puerto Rican professionals. Journal
of Business Ethics. 134(2). pp.263-279.
Gustafson, A., 2013. In defense of a utilitarian business ethic. Business and Society Review.
118(3). pp.325-360.
Heidari, H. and et. al., 2018. Fairness behind a veil of ignorance: A welfare analysis for
automated decision making. In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (pp.
1265-1276).
Jones, T. M. and Felps, W., 2013. Stakeholder happiness enhancement: A neo-utilitarian
objective for the modern corporation. Business Ethics Quarterly. 23(3). pp.349-379.
Koppelman, A., 2012. Veil of Ignorance: Tunnel Constructivism in Free Speech Theory. Nw. UL
Rev.107. p.647.
Lindebaum, D. and Raftopoulou, E., 2017. What would John Stuart Mill say? A utilitarian
perspective on contemporary neuroscience debates in leadership. Journal of Business
Ethics. 144(4). pp.813-822.
Muldoon, R and et. al., 2014. Disagreement behind the veil of ignorance. Philosophical Studies.
170(3). pp.377-394.

PART 2
Ethical president, as well as the qualities of an ethical leader
As far as I am focused, leadership style is linked to the socially responsible views and
morals which fully prevent other individual freedom. This style of leadership relates to the
conventional priorities of leaders that often relate directly to increasing both staff and company
efficiency. Primarily, the ethical chief is the one who is capable of applying all the principles at
the time of doing business (Schaubroeck, Lam and Peng, 2016). This can be crucial in the
development and management of workplace activities for staff members. Throughout this
respect, the whole decision-making process is based on the fundamental principles that govern
good experiences and each and every employee in the organization:
1. Best decision-maker: The entire recommendation is performed and the results in the
business organization. This is why conscientious members should adopt and articulate the
overall principles and convictions of the business organization. This can be useful in
developing client ethical practices and at same moment will also raising some sort of
ethical problems. With the aid of this, ethical leaders will take the correct and appropriate
choices that relate to successfully handling the workplace (Bedi, Alpaslan and Green,
2016).
2. Good leadership: Effective team leaders are accountable for directing and managing the
workplace and also motivating their staff at almost the same time. Through this, staff
members put efforts in specified time frames to accomplish their goals (Neubert, Wu and
Roberts, 2013).
3. Team building: This is among the important leadership characteristics under which both
team participants sustain stronger cooperation. In this respect, ethical leaders are also
accountable for supplying full equality for their group members because then that they
can do about their greatest in period to accomplish all the prevalent aims and objective
established (Hassan and et. al., 2013).
All these attributes help individual's behaviour in handling work group equity by allowing
workers more effective and successful. If the manager does have the best talents and
characteristics, they can easily achieve their vision and improve organizational performance and
eventually. Throughout the level of the leading staff, because as ethical chief often enforce

principles and convictions. This will help build a good and balanced partnership between the
employees. Organizations can actually develop its competitive position at retail market with the
aid of this theory.
How can I keep raising my organization above the established standards as such an ethical
manager?
Leaders and managers are really an essential part of an organization. A leader's purpose is to
help the staff members and manager's primary position is always to organize the project within
an organization. While I see it, boss executes his / her roles and obligations more efficiently. As
an ethical supervisor, my duty is to perform the job in an ethical fashion and eliminate some sort
of immoral mistakes from the workforce because they have a detrimental effect on the efficiency
of the company.
I provide the strongest business person according to the above described values by upholding
good principles and inspiring my team to work harder. I invested in jobs while upholding all the
ethical criteria and invested in offering workers fair compensation on the grounds of their
positions that had been created. Business ethics is linked to organizational moral values required
for the company to work. As something of an ethical boss, I have a responsibility to establish the
ethical principles that enable businesses grow more efficiently and achieve market advantage. To
increase my company the above fixed standards, I need to determine and transfer the
daily workplace activities of employees in order to identify the problem and provide them with
sound-full solutions to overcome such issues. From the other side, prior to actually making a
decision just at work environment, I will respect the opinions of staff members. I would then take
decisions for the benefit of staff and organization. I provide the strongest business person
according to the above described values by upholding good principles and inspiring my team to
work harder. I invested in jobs while upholding all the ethical criteria and invested in offering
workers fair compensation on the grounds of their positions that had been created.
CONCLUSION
In the end it is concluded that, Team management, decision-making and positive leadership
skills known for ethical standards and leadership company development have been extensively
studied. It would lead positively to making workers more active and thus to promoting good

brand awareness. Since were some of the highest performing ethical advocates in the workforce
who bring their utmost attempts to the gender wage gap.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Bedi, A., Alpaslan, C. M. and Green, S., 2016. A meta-analytic review of ethical leadership
outcomes and moderators. Journal of Business Ethics. 139(3). pp.517-536.
Hassan, S., and et. al., 2013. Ethical and empowering leadership and leader effectiveness.
Journal of Managerial Psychology.
Neubert, M. J., Wu, C. and Roberts, J. A., 2013. The influence of ethical leadership and
regulatory focus on employee outcomes. Business Ethics Quarterly. 23(2). pp.269-296.
Schaubroeck, J. M., Lam, S. S. and Peng, A. C., 2016. Can peers’ ethical and transformational
leadership improve coworkers’ service quality? A latent growth analysis.
Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes. 133. pp.45-58.