Understanding and Leading Change in Organisations - A Case Study of Cadbury

This report analyses the impact of change on Cadbury's strategy and operations, evaluates the drivers of change, and determines how barriers to change influence leadership decision-making. It also discusses the intended change in the organisation.

Understanding and
leading change

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................3
TASK...............................................................................................................................................3
LO1 Compare ways in which change impacts on an organisation’s strategy and operations.3
LO2 Evaluate the influences that drivers of change have on organisational behaviour........4
Change drivers that effected the effected the strategy and operation of the organisation......5
LO3 Determine how barriers to change influence leadership decision-making....................9
Change drivers that effects leadership, team and individual behaviours...............................9
L04 (1) Discuss the intended change in the organisation.....................................................11
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................14
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................15

INTRODUCTION
Changes in the organisation's is a long and ongoing process. Companies tend to change
various techniques and methods that effect their operations and strategies. These changes can be
their technological changes, social or employee change, legal or internal policy changes, etc
(Mackey and et.al., 2018). This report summarises the performance of major confectionery brand
Cadbury which is a UK Based brand established in 2010 and fully owned by Mondelez
International. Company produces various chocolates, baked products such as cookies and cakes
and sells beverages like milkshakes, as well as various other products. This report includes the
types of organisational changes that have affected their operational and strategical processes.
Further, this report will include the various discussion on the topic changes and its impacts,
change drivers, barriers of change and different leadership approaches for change management.
TASK
LO1 Compare ways in which change impacts on an organisation’s strategy and operations.
Cadbury and Nestle are major confectionery brands in the world. In order to have a good brand
image in the world, both the companies have changed their technologies in order to produce
better product and to attract customers. The changes are presented in the tabular format here:-
Particulars Cadbury Nestle
Technological Changes Cadbury is using 3D
technology as a new method of
manufacturing chocolates. One
of the main benefit of using
this technology is to rapidly
produce a brand-new design
without any expensive capital
investment (Min, Johnson
and Ziedonis, 2019).
Nestle also has made changes
in its technologies and started
using innovative tools like
artificial intelligence, machine
learning, advanced data
analytics, blockchain, etc. in
order to provide a better
customer experience. It also
developed a centralized data
warehouse with Microsoft
Power BI and Azure to

develop a reliable data
analytics and business
intelligence platform.
Strategical changes After adopting new changes
company need to change its
strategic policies as well.
Company hired new
employees having good
command over the 3rd
technology as well as trained
existing ones also for the same
(Avitia Carlos, Rodríguez
Tapia, and Candolfi Arballo,
2020).
As, nestle adopted new
techniques,this led into a
drastic strategical changes into
the company. Since beginning
company is producing
chocolates and products in a
traditional way. After adopting
new techniques, the old
machines became obsolete.
Plus, the on the job training
has to be provided to
employees so as to adopt new
technology.
Operational Changes Cadbury changed its day to
day business activities after
adopting new technology. This
includes various processes,
activities, marketing policies,
allocating funds to new
technology, etc.
Nestle adopted various new
technologies. This led to
changes in the day to day
operational activities. As
company adopted techniques
like Power BI and Azure, it
became easy for the company
to analyse the data regarding
various processes and
activities.
LO2 Evaluate the influences that drivers of change have on organisational behaviour.

After adopting new technologies, companies came across major changes. Some of them are
internal and external.
Change drivers that effected the effected the strategy and operation of the organisation
It is been identified that there are two types of drivers which are discussed below and
that effects individual, team and leadership behaviours. In context of the Cadbury, change drivers
can be described under the following:-
Internal drivers:
 Resources:- Various types of resources such as Workforce , Finance, Raw material, etc.
are necessary for smooth running of any business organisation. In context of the Cadbury
it is been identified that company timely provides the important resources and this has
directly impacted the performance in a positive way (Sa’ari, 2019).
 Finance:- Finance is the most important requirement for the business organisation to
conduct the various activities. In context of the Cadbury it is analysed that sufficient
funds are always required as it is manufacturing chocolates, sweet candies, etc. at a large
scale. As in case of the shortage of the availability of the fund the company cannot
perform its functions.
 Capabilities:- Capabilities refers to strengths or capacities of the employees to work.
Every employee have its own strengths and weaknesses. Company allocates work going
through the strength and weaknesses of the employees. As , if the work over limits the
capacity, it will create stress to the employees. Resulting employees will not work
efficiently and it can lead to failure in accomplishing goals.
External drivers:
 Government:- It is been observed that the changes in the rules and regulations of the
government policies affects the whole business organisation. Cadbury needs to follow the
guideline which is imposed by the government in order to avoid the risk of the penalties .
If the company is not able to abide to the certain laws then it de-motivates the employees
to work within the organisation (Kjeldsen and Van der Voet, 2021).
 Competition:- Competition is rigorous across the globe irrespective of any any industry.
And it is important for any company to concentrate on the strategies of its competitors. In
context of the Cadbury it is been analysed that there is high impact of the competitors in the

market which are offering the same products and at same prices. So, it is necessary for the
company to implement changes and to innovate the products in order to attract market.
 Customers:- The customers are the person who consumes the product or service of the
organisation. They are the king for the marketers because the market is totally dependent
on the consumers (Adin, 2021). In context of the Cadbury it is important for the
company to take care of the rapid changes taking places in the market. The leaders need
to apply the leadership style in order to make the employees work according to the
dynamic changes in the environment to satisfy the demands of the customers.
Change Internal/external Impact on
leadership
behaviour
Impact on
team/
departmental
behaviour
Impact on
individual
behaviour
Measures to
minimise
negative
impacts
Resources
(Internal)
Changes in
the
resources
impacted the
leadership.
Managemen
t have to
change its
strategies
and
planning.
Team-mates
will be
more careful
regarding
the work if
resources are
less in
quantity. As
company
have to
provide best
of its
product in
limited
resources.
Resources
directly
impact at
individual
level. As if
there will be
sufficient
resources in
the
company,
employees
will work
stress free
and will
give best of
their results
and vice
versa.
To minimise
negative impacts,
company have to
ensure that there
are always
sufficient
available in the
company. As in
case of any
otherwise, would
impact the whole
company.
Finance
(Internal)
Finance is
core of
every
business. No
business can
run without
sufficient
funds.
Therefore,
availability
of funds
At
team/depart
ment level,
resources
means
sufficient
time to
every
project.
Unrealistic
deadlines
Finance at
individual
level refers
to salaries
and wages.
If salaries
and wages
are provided
timely to the
employees,
they will be
Company always
need to ensure
that company is
having sufficient
funds with it. As
every process in
the company
depends upon
funds such as
procurements of
raw materials,

directly
impact in
formulation
of policies,
and for
future
planning.
and targets
would lead
to
satisfied and
will work
satisfactorily
payment of
salaries and
wages to
employees, etc.
Capabilities
(Internal)
Company
needs to
analyse
strengths
and
weaknesses
of every
individual.
As every
individual is
different and
work must
be allocated
going
through the
capacities of
the
employees.
Team or
department
is formed of
employees
only. If a
team have
people with
full of
energy and
enthusiasm,
it will be
easier for the
company as
well as team
to complete
the assigned
project
timely.
Every
individual's
capabilities
is different.
Allocating
work more
than the
capabilities
can lead to
more stress.
This can
result into
business
failures.
To minimise
negative impacts,
work must be
assigned as per
the need of
projects along
with the
capacities of
team-mates.
Government
(External)
Govt. timely
changes its
policies and
rules&
regulations.
This impact
majorly on
leadership.
As company
have to
follow
various
policies,
rules and
regulations,
etc. Failure
of which can
lead to legal
actions. As
such
changes in
If there are
changes at
the
leadership
roles,
definitely it
will impact
at
departmental
/team
behaviour.
As product
is processed
via
departments.
And any
changes at
leadership
roles will
directly
impact the
Every
individual
have to
work
according to
guidelines
set by the
leaders. As
leaders will
change
guidelines, it
will directly
impact the
productivity
of
employees.
To minimise
negative impacts,
company have to
follow the
guidelines set by
the Govt. as well
as develop
product
accordingly.

the taxation
policy,
import-
export
duties, etc.
product
development
.
Competition
(External)
Competition
is again a
major factor
leading
changes at a
large scale.
As market is
full of
companies,
providing
same
product and
services at
more or less
same prices
too. This
brings
competition
among the
players and
majorly
impact the
leadership
roles.
Leadership
roles will
directly
impact at
team/
department
level too. In
the
competitive
market,
company
have to offer
best of the
products in
order to
sustain in
the market.
In
competitive
market,
employees
have to pay
competitive
salaries and
wages.
Otherwise,
employees
will not
work
effectively
and may
also be hired
by rivals.
To minimise
negative impacts
in the
competitive
market, company
needs to analyse
the demand and
supply of the
market. As
product have to
develop
accordingly,
otherwise it may
loose against its
competitors.
Consumers/
Customers
(External)
As everyone
knows that
anything the
company is
offering is
directly/indi
rectly going
to be
consumed
by
customers
only.
Therefore,
leaders have
to study the
demand as
well tastes./
Leaders will
provide
suggestions
and
guidelines to
the
departments
& teams
regarding
the various
processes of
product.
This can
change in
working
style of the
team.
Consumers
will not
directly
impact the
individual
behaviour.
But may
change as
per the
leadership
and team
behaviour.
To minimise
negative impacts,
company have to
study the market
conditions,
consumer
demands, taste &
preferences, etc.
as no company
can be run going
against the
demand of
consumers.

preferences
of the
consumers,
any plan
products
accordingly.
LO3 Determine how barriers to change influence leadership decision-making.
Force field theory states about the two forces that are always opposite in nature and in
every organisation (Tombetti and Mason, 2019). These two forces refers to driving and
restraining forces. Whenever they are in equilibrium, they organisation maintain the status quo.
Driving forces refers to the constructive, economic, and optimistic elements that are interested in
causing change. On the contrary Restraining forces are the negative factors that push down the
objects and limits the progress.
The elements which get affected via these forces are basically people, habits, customs, attitudes,
etc. The company Cadbury is a renowned brand known for its chocolates, sweet candies,etc. It
needs to promote its products at a large scale. The real change that are introduced by the
company are listed below:-
 Providing monetary benefits:- Company provides various incentives, increments,
bonuses ,etc. in order to motivate them to work effectively and accomplish company's
goal. Theses monetary benefits encourages employees to work effectively, harder and to
achieve goals in a specified deadlines.
 Non- monetary benefits:- Timely promotions, various prizes, awarding employees for
excellent work. These non-monetary elements matter a lot for employees and thus
employees works satisfactorily (Rekha, 2020).
Employees usually resist to work due to unsupportive management, communication gap
between employees and management, unrealistic deadlines, and lack of confidence, etc.
Change drivers that effects leadership, team and individual behaviours.
It is been identified that there are two types of drivers which are discussed below and
that effects individual, team and leadership behaviours. In context of the Cadbury, change drivers
can be described under the following:-
Internal drivers:

 Resources:- Various types of resources such as Workforce , Finance, Raw material, etc.
are necessary for smooth running of any business organisation. In context of the Cadbury
it is been identified that company timely provides the important resources and this has
directly impacted the performance in a positive way.
 Finance:- Finance is the most important requirement for the business organisation to
conduct the various activities. In context of the Cadbury it is analysed that sufficient
funds are always required as it is manufacturing chocolates, sweet candies, etc. at a large
scale. As in case of the shortage of the availability of the fund the company cannot
perform its functions (Arnold, 2019).
External drivers:
 Government:- It is been observed that the changes in the rules and regulations of the
government policies affects the whole business organisation. Cadbury needs to follow the
guideline which is imposed by the government in order to avoid the risk of the penalties .
If the company is not able to abide to the certain laws then it de-motivates the employees
to work within the organisation.
 Competition:- Competition is rigorous across the globe irrespective of any any industry.
And it is important for any company to concentrate on the strategies of its competitors. In
context of the Cadbury it is been analysed that there is high impact of the competitors in the
market which are offering the same products and at same prices. So, it is necessary for the
company to implement changes and to innovate the products in order to attract market.
 Customers:- The customers are the person who consumes the product or service of the
organisation. They are the king for the marketers because the market is totally dependent
on the consumers. In context of the Cadbury it is important for the company to take care
of the rapid changes taking places in the market. The leaders need to apply the leadership
style in order to make the employees work according to the dynamic changes in the
environment to satisfy the demands of the customers.
Various ways by which the company reduced the resisting forces/barriers:-
 Best of the trainings:- Company provides best of the trainings to its employees starting
from the joining itself, alongside on job trainings too. This enables employees to work in
a right direction (Grother and Coventry, 2018).

 Calibre tasks:- Every employee is different in terms of strengths and weaknesses.
Company well understands the calibre of each and every employee, so allocates work
accordingly. This boosts the confidence among the employees and eliminates
unnecessary stress.
 Communication Gap:- Communication refers to inferiority among the employees or
when employees fear to communicate with the superiors regarding issues. Company
conducts various meetings, parties, activities, etc. in order to have effective
communication. This eliminates the communication gap and thus employees work
satisfactorily (Chandra Handa, M., 2019).
Discuss how the organisation can achieve their objectives as the barriers are reduced and
the change is implemented.
The foremost objective of any organisation is to maximise profits. As company have
changed its working pattern and minimised the barriers. Therefore, the employees can work
efficiently without any hurdle. Changes in the organisations are very beneficial in order to have
progress, to compete in the market and hence, to accomplish organisational goals. As the
company Cadbury, have introduced new system for motivating employees. This will encourage
employees to work harder, and that too in right direction.
L04 (1) Discuss the intended change in the organisation.
The expected changes in the company are mentioned below:-
 Change in the working style:- Working style of the employees starting from executives
to leaders will be changed. It totally depends upon the various factors such as market
demand, product planning and development and competition, etc. theses elements keeps
on changing and majorly impacted the working style of Cadbury.
 Product Development:- Company have to develop the product according to the desires
of the consumers. As market is full of brands and everyone is providing best of their
products. This makes the product development a tough task for the company Cadbury.
 Change at the leadership roles :- Leadership roles refers to the strategies and planning
for running a business. Leadership roles were expected to be change in the Cadbury, as
market situation keeps on changing (Emam, M. M. and Gaad, 2018).

(2) Discuss the drivers(reasons) for this change and discuss how this change will help
the company.
The changes occurred due to the various reasons:-
 Technological Changes:- Technological changes impacted majorly every aspect of the
company. Starting from the production to the Supply chain. The company Cadbury have
to implement new technologies in order to produce quality products and to sustain it as a
well known brand (Modiba and Stewart, 2018).
 Promotional Techniques:- Companies use best of the technologies to promote and sell
their products. Starting from the newspapers to the social media, everything requires
technology. Therefore, to attract customers and sustain in the market Cadbury adopted
3D technology as a new method of manufacturing chocolates and this way company
captured the market.
(3) Discuss which model you intend to implement the change successful and how the
model will help.
The Burke- Litwin model showed various drivers of change and implemented the change
successful. It believes that environmental factors are the most important driver for change.
Important elements of organisational success, such as mission and strategy, leadership and
organisational culture, are often impacted by changes that originate outside the organisation.
 External Environment:- This includes such factors as markets, legislation, competition
and the economy. All of these elements have consequences for Cadbury and, as a change,
it was vital to continually scan the environment for issues that can affect the company.
 Leadership:- This considers the attitudes and behaviour of senior officials and how these
behaviours are accepted by the entire company. The way in which change is implemented
affects the whole company.
 Work Unit Climate:- This considers employees’ perception of their colleagues and
working environment. Cadbury's working environment is quite positive, and this enables
employees to work efficiently(Schaller, 2022)
(4) Discuss how the change will be implemented using the model (e.g Letwin’s
model).
Type of Change Current impact on the
company
Desired impact
Environment Impacted huge on the Company studied the

(External Change) working style, product
policy.
external factors. The desired
impact the company
observed is changes in
attitude of the employees
towards the output.
Leadership
(Internal Change)
The attitude of the seniors
towards the subordinates is
quite liberal.
This impacted the work
culture positively.
Work Unit Climate
(Internal Change)
Colleagues' perceptions of
one another became warmer
and less of an unnecessary
tension.
Employees feel much
satisfied in their jobs.

CONCLUSION
The above report concludes that the leading changes that occur in the business organisation are
very necessary for the growth and development of any organisation. Changes are required to
sustain and compete in the market. These changes affect the operational and strategical
processes of any organisation. In context of the company Cadbury, which is a renowned
confectionery brands in the world had bring some changes. These changes are really very
beneficial in order to have better environment in the company so as to enhance the productivity
of the employees. Another aspect is to provide better products in the market in order to have
good market size.

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