Change Management: Models of Lewin and Kotter

This analysis explores the importance of change management for sustainable growth in organizations. It evaluates the steps undertaken by organizations using Lewin's and Kotter's models of change, and their impact on organizational structure and market improvements.

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Executive summary
The analysis aims at making a lucid idea of the change that are being considered by the
organizations for undertaking sustainable growth in the market. The most important changes that
are being considered by the organizations are to develop the organizational structure of the
organizations as it helps the organizations to make a probable progress in the market. The most
important steps that are being critically evaluated through the models of the change. it helps in
the beeter understanding of the steps that are being undertaken by the organizations for the
change and the relevance of the change in the present day market.

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Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................3
Current research on the change management based on the model of Lewin and Kotter.................3
Implementation of the change and the effects of the undertakings.................................................6
Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................8
References........................................................................................................................................9
Appendix........................................................................................................................................11

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Introduction
The changes that are being undertaken by the multinational organizations are based on
the change in the requirements of the people and the respective needs based on the organizational
progress. In order to make improvements in the market the organizations must undertake
continuous improvement programs in order to get hold of the market. the most important
changes that are being undertaken by the organizations are based on the increasing amount of
demand and the change in the preferences (Langley et al., 2013). The management that is being
considered by the organizations, which helps in adhering to the requirements of the organization
to sustain in the market. The proper management of the organization and the leadership that is
being implemented on the organizations has helped the companies in bringing about the change
in the market structure. It has helped in the evolution process of the organizations. Therefore, it
helps in bringing the changes in the market (Kerzner, 2013).
The steps that are being considered by the organization is based on the consideration of
the changes after the market analysis of the organizations. Therefore, the changes that are being
undertaken by the organizations help in undertaking the change in the organizational culture and
their statistics. The main purpose of the analysis that is being undertaken is based on the
evaluation of the change management and their impact on the organizational structure and their
improvements in the market (Hornstein, 2015).
Current research on the change management based on the model of Lewin and Kotter
The evaluation of the needs and the requirements of the consumers have affected the
growth of the organizations worldwide. The introductory stage of globalization has enhanced the

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market availability of the organizations. Therefore, in order to hold on to the markets, the
companies are required to bring in the change in the organizational structure and the products
and services that are being prepared by the organization. The step that the organizations
undertake is to sustain in the market and to cope up with the competition in the market structure.
Therefore, the basic steps that are being undertaken by the organization is the management of the
change.
According to Cameron & Green, (2015), the change that is being undertaken by the
organizations are due to the sustainable approach of the organizations. Modifications undertaken
by the organizations are based on the changing requirements of the consumers. On the other
hand, Doppelt (2017) believed that the changes that are being undertaken by the organizations
are due to the market competition that is being faced by the organizations. In order to bring in
improvements in the market conditions of the organization, changes are being undertaken. It
helps in sustaining the brand of the organization in the market for a longer span.
The changes that are being undertaken by the organizations are based on the
improvements that are being undertaken by the organizations in order to cope up with the
challenges that are being faced by the organization in the market due to the political and the legal
factors of the market where the company is functioning. Laudon & Laudon (2016) stated that the
legal factors that are faced by the organization affect the growth of the organization in the
external markets. Therefore, in order to make its progress in the foreign markets the flexibility in
the structure is an important step that must be undertaken by the organizations. Lewin’s model
of change is based on the phenomenon of the implementation of the analysis that is being
undertaken by the organizations in order to bring in the changes (Refer to Appendice 1). The
Unfreeze stage of the model helps in the evaluating of the requirements of the change and

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undertaking the negotiations in order to implement the change. The Change phase is being
undertaken by the organization, which comes after the unfreeze stage of the model. In this phase,
the organization brings in the desirable changes in order to support the needs of the consumers
and the organizational growth objectives. The Freeze stage evolves after the change is being
undertaken by the organization (Shirey, 2013). It helps in affirming the decisions that are being
the organizations undertake and thereby bring in stability in their individual markets. It helps the
organizations in maintaining the market in the foreign grounds. The flexibility of the structure of
the organizations has affected the market availability of the products that are being produced by
the organization. Proper change management helps the organization in analyzing the
requirements of the consumers and their own flaws in order to gain a stable position in the
market (Cummings, Bridgman & Brown, 2016).
On the other hand, Kotter’s model of change elaborates the steps that are being
undertaken by the organizations in order to determine the changes that the organizations are
required to undertake (Refer to Appendice 2). The model elaborates the steps that are being
undertaken by the organizations to ensure the proper management of the change that the
organization aims at undertaking. The steps that are being enumerated by the organizations in
order to being in the change is based on the urgency of the organization to make its
improvements in the situation (Appelbaum et al., 2012). The steps that are being enumerated by
the organizations while undertaking the change is based on the vision and the urgency of the
change that must be undertaken by the organization. It determines the organizational needs for
undertaking the change. the step helps the organization in analyzing the situation of the same in
the market and the requirements of the change based on the sustainable approach that the
organization holds.

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The engagement of the organization in order to bring about the change starts with the
sharing of the vision that is being undertaken by the management of the organization. The proper
communication of the vision for the change helps the organization in connecting to the people
to bring in the improvements in the situation of the organization. Proper communication of the
vision helps the organization in making the people aware of the changes that the organization is
about to undertake. It helps in integrating the functions of the employees and thereby brings in
the change in the management. The communication that is undertaken by the organizations helps
in identifying the integration in the functions that are being consolidated by the organization in
order to implement the changes in the organizational frameworks. The last phase of the model
asserts the implementation of the changes in the organizational structures so as to bring in the
improvements in the systems (Booth, 2015). The most important phase of the model is the
implementation of the ideas of the change that are being formulated by the organization as it
helps in improving the situation of the organization. The post-implementation stage of the
organization is ensured through the sticking action of the organization to the modifications that
the organization plans. It helps in the overall development of the organizations and thereby
attains the paradox of the change that is being planned by the organization. it helps in the gradual
progress of the organization.
Implementation of the change and the effects of the undertakings
Change management helps the organizations to have an insight of the future prospects. It
helps in determining and reframing the goals and the objectives of the organization for the
people and the progress that is being planned by the organization. Von Krogh (2012) believed
that the most important step that the organizations must undertake is based on the requirements
of the change in order to sustain in the market. The considerations that are being undertaken by

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the organizations are based on the proper allocation of the resources and facilitation of
integration between the departments. It helps the organization in undertaking the most probable
changes for the benefits of the organization in the end.
According to McAfee, Brynjolfsson & Davenport (2012), change management is an
important phenomenon that is required to be undertaken by the organizations in order to cope up
with the market conditions. Management of the changes after the delineation of the requirements
of the organization helps the organization in bringing forth the modifications and thereby
improves the situation of the organization. The implementation of the strategies and the Lewin’s
model on the functioning of the organization helps in determining the change that is being
undertaken by the organization (Hayes, 2014). It helps the organization in identifying the areas
where the changes are to be implemented. The theories help in determining and organizing the
processes that are being undertaken by the organization in order to bring in the changes in the
management of the organization in the modern days.
The model helps the organizations in developing steps in order to enhance the teamwork
and bring in improvements through proper motivation in order to empower the human resource
of the organization (Vaccaro et al., 2012). The proper functioning of the human resource helps
the organization in making its progress in the market. On the other hand, the changes that are
undertaken by the organization relating to the norms and the regulations have helped in
improving the competitive advantage of the organizations in the market structure. The
implementation of the strategies that are being envisioned by the organization helps the
organization in taking the rightful measures to undertake the process of undertaking the
improvements. According to Cummings & Worley (2014),the improvements that are being
planned by the organization helps in the proper utilization of its resources. It thereby helps the

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organization in taking steps in order to improve the outputs of the organization. The most
important step that is being planned by the organization is based on the requirement of the
organization to bring in the changes in order to cope up with the standards of the market
competition. It helps in the monitoring over the resources that are being planned by the
organizations to bring in the recommended course of actions by the organization (Jabri, 2012).
Conclusion
Therefore, from the above analysis it can be stated that the changes that are being
undertaken by the organizations helps in the sustainable approach of the organizations in the
market. Moreover, the changes that the organizations undertake help in bringing in
improvements in the structure of the organization. It also helps the organization in gaining a
competitive advantage in the market. Therefore, the changes that are being undertaken by the
organizations help in determining the structure of the organization in the markets. The markets
that are being considered by the organizations in undertaking the changes help in determining the
progress of the organization in the respective fields of actions. The models that are being
discussed in the course of the analysis helps the organizations in determining the changes that are
required by the organizations for the smooth functioning of the organizations and the
improvements in order to sustain in the markets. The needs for the change of the organizational
structure is based on the constant changes that the market environment experiences relating to
the constant growth and the expansion of the business in the market.

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References
Appelbaum, S.H., Habashy, S., Malo, J.L. & Shafiq, H., 2012. Back to the future: revisiting
Kotter's 1996 change model. Journal of Management Development, 31(8), pp.764-782.
Booth, S.A., 2015. Crisis management strategy: Competition and change in modern enterprises.
Routledge.
Cameron, E. & Green, M., 2015. Making sense of change management: A complete guide to the
models, tools and techniques of organizational change. Kogan Page Publishers.
Cummings, S., Bridgman, T. & Brown, K.G., 2016. Unfreezing change as three steps:
Rethinking Kurt Lewin’s legacy for change management. human relations, 69(1), pp.33-60.
Cummings, T.G. & Worley, C.G., 2014. Organization development and change. Cengage
learning.
Doppelt, B., 2017. Leading change toward sustainability: A change-management guide for
business, government and civil society. Routledge.
Hayes, J., 2014. The theory and practice of change management. Palgrave Macmillan.
Hornstein, H.A., 2015. The integration of project management and organizational change
management is now a necessity. International Journal of Project Management, 33(2), pp.291-
298.
Jabri, M., 2012. Managing organizational change. Palgrave Macmillan.
Kerzner, H., 2013. Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and
controlling. John Wiley & Sons.

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Langley, A., Smallman, C., Tsoukas, H. & Van de Ven, A.H., 2013. Process studies of change in
organization and management: Unveiling temporality, activity, and flow. Academy of
Management Journal, 56(1), pp.1-13.
Laudon, K.C. & Laudon, J.P., 2016. Management information system. Pearson Education India.
McAfee, A., Brynjolfsson, E. & Davenport, T.H., 2012. Big data: the management
revolution. Harvard business review, 90(10), pp.60-68.
Shirey, M.R., 2013. Lewin’s theory of planned change as a strategic resource. Journal of Nursing
Administration, 43(2), pp.69-72.
Vaccaro, I.G., Jansen, J.J., Van Den Bosch, F.A. & Volberda, H.W., 2012. Management
innovation and leadership: The moderating role of organizational size. Journal of Management
Studies, 49(1), pp.28-51.
Von Krogh, G., 2012. How does social software change knowledge management? Toward a
strategic research agenda. The Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 21(2), pp.154-164.

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Appendix
Appendice 1
Figure 1: Lewin’s Model of change
(Source: Shirey 2013)

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Appendice 2
Figure 2: Kotter’s Model of Change
(Source: Appelbaum et al. 2012)

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